基于PCA法的湘西喀斯特石漠化地区生态安全评价

基于湘西自治州是典型的喀斯特石漠化区域,工程建设对区域的植被破坏,水土流失起到促进、加速、叠加的负作用,从动力学的观点其实质是加大了石漠化形成的动力强度,在大量缺失信息条件下,采用PCA主成分多元分析的方法对湘西喀斯特石漠化地区生态安全影响评价.根据石漠化形成的动力学过程分析和工程建设对环境影响的动力学结果,将工程建设对石漠化有较大影响的14个因子作为石漠化研究的基本指标.通过主分量分析确定P1P2主成分因子,再对P1P2主成分因子进行梯度分析.研究结果表明:P1P2平面上植被子系统各属性因子的分布有明显的规律性,当复相关系数R=0.924 6时,P1(x7～x11)轴表征石漠化的形成过程和相关属性的变化规律；兰复相关系数R=0.927 4时,P2(x6,x4,x14,x5,x12)轴表征类型的分异及其相关特征的变化规律.     

鸡StAR基因非同义单核苷酸多态性的生物信息学分析

以鸡StAR基因为研究对象,在分子水平上探究StAR编码区功能性位点。利用SIFT,PolyPhen-2,PANTHER和PROVEAN等4种方法预测对nsSNPs进行分析预测有害位点,使用SWISS-MODEL, Consurf server,Pymol,I-Mutant 3.0等软件对有害nsSNPs位点进行蛋白质的空间结构、氨基酸间氢键的改变及蛋白稳定性等相关分析。结果表明:从StAR基因的nsSNPs位点筛选出来6个主要有害突变(V125G,M144R,N148T,T204P,C224W和L247Q)。其中,M144R,N148T和T204P这3个位点氢键数目和空间结构发生变化,M144R,N148T,C224W和L247Q这4个位点降低了StAR蛋白质的稳定性,且M144R,N148T,T204P,C224W和L247Q均为高保守性位点。预测M144R,N148T,T204P,C224W和L247Q这5个位点可能为鸡StAR基因的潜在功能性位点。     

湘桂粤地区苦苣苔科植物省级分布8新记录种

报道了湘桂粤地区8种苦苣苔科植物的省级分布新记录。包括:湖南省级分布新记录的皱边马铃苣苔Oreocharis crispate W. H. ChenY. M. Shui、革叶石山苣苔Petrocodon coriaceifolius (Y. G. Wei) Y. G. WeiMich.M?ller;广东省级分布新记录的多花石山苣苔Pet. multiflorus Fang WenY. S. Jiang、弯果奇柱苣苔Deinostigma cyrtocarpa (D.FangL.Zeng) Mich.M?llerH.J. Atkins;广西省级分布新记录的粉花半蒴苣苔Hemiboea roseoalba S.B. Zhou,Xin HongF. Wen、江华小花苣苔Primulina jianghuaensis K.M. LiuX.Z.Cai、封开报春苣苔P. fengkaiensis Z.L. NingM. Kang、密花石山苣苔Petrocodon confertiflorus H.Q. LiY.Q. Wang,并提供了这些省级分布新记录种的标本引证和地理分布信息。     

喀斯特石漠化生态系统恢复力评估——以广西环江毛南族自治县为例

为探明喀斯特石漠化地区生态系统的恢复力,本研究以广西典型喀斯特石漠化地区——环江毛南族自治县为研究区域,运用指标评价法,从影响生态系统恢复力大小的自然因素和人为因素中筛选出11个指标,构建喀斯特石漠化生态系统恢复力指标评价体系;采用专家打分法和变异系数法(组合赋权法)确定评价指标的权重,并运用空间加权叠加的方法定量计算出环江喀斯特石漠化生态系统恢复力的大小,同时使用自然断点法对评价结果进行等级划分。结果表明：环江喀斯特石漠化生态系统恢复力为0.35-0.71,整体为中等水平;在空间分布上,环江喀斯特石漠化生态系统恢复力表现出南北低、西中高的分布状况,特别是北部和南部喀斯特地貌分布地区的恢复力较低。研究结果可为有关部门对石漠化生态系统的有效管理提供重要参考信息。     

喀斯特石漠化的形成过程及阶段划分

以群落类型、乔灌层盖度、群落生物量、群落高度和枯落物总量5个因子为基本指标,采用主成分分析和系统聚类分析相结合的方法对贵州喀斯特地区大量样地进行了分析,将喀斯特石漠化的形成过程划分为初期、中期、后期和末期阶段4个阶段。对石漠化的形成过程和阶段特征进行了分析,结果表明:石漠化形成过程中整个土地系统退化的主要原因是植被系统的退化,它在人为干扰下受到破坏而导致了土壤子系统及小气候环境子系统的退化,子系统之间表现出相互促进、相互转化的正反馈循环。石漠化的形成过程实质上是土地生产力的退化和丧失过程。     

石漠化的概念及其内涵

石漠化是目前西部地区经济发展、生态恢复与重建工作最为严重的问题之一。笔通过对荒漠、荒漠化、沙漠化等相关概念的比较和现有石漠化内涵的归纳总结，在分析石漠化的形成原因、特点、区域和基质的基础上，认为石漠化属于荒漠化的范畴，是人为干扰与自然背景共同作用的结果。石漠化特指在我国南方湿润地区，碳酸盐岩发育的喀斯特脆弱生态环境下，由于人为干扰造成植被持续退化乃至丧失，导致水土资源流失，土地生产力下降，基岩大面积裸露于地表(或砾石堆积)面呈现类似荒漠景观的土地退化过程。     

基于景观级别指数的典型喀斯特石漠化空间格局分析

贵州喀斯特高原山区,地面破碎,人地矛盾突出。依托地理信息系统与遥感技术,以大方县桶井村为研究区,从其影像上解译喀斯特石漠化空间分布现状,建立石漠化空间数据库,从景观空间分析方法出发,基于景观级别指数定量化分析石漠化景观格局特征,经统计综合分析石漠化景观的相关指数,得出研究区石漠化发育程度及其分布情况具有较大差异,整体破碎度较低、均匀度较高,石漠化发育程度较高的斑块面积较小,不连续,镶嵌在各类景观类型中。研究区土地石漠化现状对生态建设有较大的影响,可根据景观指数分析结果对研究区进行土地利用结构调整与石漠化综合防治。     

人类与喀斯特石漠化的生死较量

<正>喀斯特石漠化所造成的山穷、水枯、林衰、土瘦等问题在不断压缩该地区人们的生存和发展空间,并引发了一系列不容回避的问题。大约三十年前,在亚热带脆弱的喀斯特环境背景下的我国西南地区,由于受人类不合理活动的干扰破坏,长期存在不合理的土地利用,出现了一种土壤严重侵蚀,植被退化,基岩大面积出露,土地生产力严重下降,地表出现类似荒漠景观的土地退化现象,进而诱发了一系列自然灾害问题,严重制约着西南地区的社会经济发展。科学家把这种主要发生在我国西南的这种土地退化现象称为喀斯特石漠化,它是土地荒漠化的主要类     

喀斯特石漠化演变过程中土地利用变化——以贵州省关岭县为例

土地利用变化是人类活动影响地表变化的重要表征,喀斯特石漠化是生态环境恶化的指示,对生态脆弱的喀斯特地区进行石漠化和土地利用变化的时空分布研究,是地球变化研究的重要议题。通过“3S”技术对典型喀斯特地区关岭县2010-2015年石漠化演变过程和土地利用变化分析,研究发现：①无石漠化面积增加了80.68 km2,强度、极强度石漠化面积分别减少50.5 km2和 78.61 km2,石漠化治理工程初见成效,但石漠化演化是一个双向反复的转化过程。②水田、旱地、草地和未利用地面积分别减少54.4 km2、59.05 km2、15.39 km2和302.82 km2,有林地、灌木林地和建设用地面积分别增加270.82 km2、145.38 km2和13.37 km2,农户生计资本转变致使耕地撂荒,生态修复工程成效显著。③土地利用的变化是石漠化演变方向的指示剂,植被的正向演替区域与石漠化减轻区域吻合,耕地和聚落分布区域与石漠化恶化区域吻合。     

喀斯特地区不同等级石漠化人工生态恢复的土壤温度及水分效应--以贵州省花江峡谷为例

根据石漠化等级程度及微地貌景观不同,选择12个固定样地作为研究对象,进行4次监测。结果表明,喀斯特峡谷区土壤温度与石漠化等级程度相关性不大,与植被覆盖度,特别是林下草被覆盖度具有很大相关性;随着治理时间增加,各等级石漠化土壤温度日变化趋于中度石漠化>轻度石漠化>强度石漠化>潜在石漠化的稳定大小关系。随治理时间增加,旱季土壤水分有逐渐提高的趋势,且年际同期变化幅度较大。研究不同等级石漠化人工生态恢复的土壤温度及水分有助于从土壤水热的角度来揭示石漠化恢复治理过程中的生态环境效应,为喀斯特地区石漠化防治提供科学依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.