大豆油酯交换制备生物柴油的研究

利用K2CO3和Al2O3制备固体碱催化剂,将它用于大豆油和甲醇酯交换制备生物柴油.通过实验考察醇油摩尔比,催化剂用量,反应温度和反应时间4个工艺条件对生物柴油产率的影响,最后确定最佳的反应条件为:醇油摩尔比9:1,催化剂用量2%,温度60℃,反应时间4h,在此条件下得到的生物柴油产率为72.3%.     

S2O82-/TiO2-ZrO2固体酸催化废弃动植物油脂制备生物柴油

本文制备了S2O82-/TiO2-ZrO2固体酸催化剂,对其催化废弃动植物油脂与甲醇发生酯交换反应制备生物柴油的反应条件进行了研究。结果表明,催化剂S2O82-/TiO2-ZrO2表现出了较高的催化活性,S2O82-/TiO2-ZrO2在反应压力3.5KPa下催化废弃动植物油脂的最佳酯交换反应条件为:反应温度为125℃,醇油摩尔比10:1,催化剂用量5%,反应时间3 h,此时废弃动植物油脂的酯化率超过89%,且催化剂重复和再生使用效果良好。     

大豆油酯交换法制备生物柴油

采用大豆油在催化剂氢氧化钠作用下与甲醇发生酯交换反应制备生物柴油.研究了醇油摩尔比、催化荆质量分数、反应时间、反应温度等对反应产率的影响.采用红外光谱表征产品.实验结果表明,当醇油摩尔比5.9:1,反应时间2 h,催化荆用量为原料油质量的0.99%,反应温度65℃时,生物柴油的收率最高,为87%.     

S2O82-/Al2O3-ZrO2固体酸催化废弃动植物油脂制备生物柴油研究

制备了S2O82-/Al2O3-ZrO2固体酸催化剂,对其催化废弃动植物油脂与甲醇发生酯交换反应制备生物柴油的反应条件进行了研究。结果表明,催化剂S2O82-/Al2O3-ZrO2表现出了较高的催化活性,S2O82-/Al2O3-ZrO2在反应压力3.5KPa下催化废弃动植物油脂的最佳酯交换反应条件为:反应温度为125℃,醇油摩尔比10:1,催化剂用量5%,反应时间3h,此时废弃动植物油脂的酯化率超过87.9%,且催化剂重复和再生使用效果良好。     

碱催化猪油制备生物柴油的研究

以猪油为原料,选用KOH为碱性催化剂制备生物柴油。经单因素实验及正交实验研究了油醇比、反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量对生物柴油产率的影响。结果表明:在实验条件下各因素对生物柴油产率影响的大小依次为:油醇体积比>催化剂用量>反应温度>反应时间。最佳反应条件为:油醇体积比4∶1,反应温度60℃,KOH用量为1.1%(油重),反应时间为45 min,产率为91.94%,脂肪酸甲酯含量为96.3%,精制后总甘油含量0.23%。     

固体酸催化大豆油甲酯化制备生物柴油的研究

以甲醇和大豆油为原料,以固体酸为催化剂,通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油.考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量和醇油摩尔比各单因素对生物柴油产率的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:反应时间3.5 h,反应温度70℃,催化剂用量为大豆油质量的6.0%,醇油摩尔比为7:1,生物柴油产率可达93.5%.     

磷酸催化地沟油制备生物柴油的研究

研究了以磷酸为催化剂,地沟油与甲醇发生酯交换反应制取生物柴油的反应条件对产物收率的影响.通过正交实验得出了制备生物柴油的最佳条件:反应温度为70 ℃,醇油摩尔比为30∶1,催化剂用量为原料油质量的8%,反应时间为5 h.在此条件下生物柴油的收率可达85%以上.     

餐饮废油制生物柴油最优反应条件的研究

利用餐饮废油制取生物柴油,采用气相色谱对产品进行了定性分析.在实验过程中,考察了醇油比、催化、用量、反应温度、反应时间对产品产率的影响.结果表明:用正己烷为溶剂,醇油比为8∶1、催化剂氢氧化钠用量为废油质量的1.0 %、反应温度50 ℃、反应时间60 min为最有反应条件,该条件下得到生物柴油的产率为90.1 %.     

固体超强酸S2O2-8/Fe2O3-ZrO2-La2O3催化制备生物柴油

用沉淀-浸渍法制备固体超强酸S2O2-8/Fe2O3-ZrO2-La2O3催化剂,通过XRD和FTIR对其结构进行表征.将该催化剂用于催化制备生物柴油并考察了反应条件对生物柴油产率的影响.结果表明,当Fe、Zr和La的摩尔比为1∶0.42∶0.075时,催化剂活性最高.其催化制备生物柴油的最佳工艺条件为,催化剂用量为菜籽油质量的2%,醇和油的摩尔比为12∶1,反应温度为220℃,反应时间为10h,产率可达90.3%.催化剂重复使用5次反应时间达50h,产率仍达83%.GC-MS表征表明制得的生物柴油的纯度较高.     

固体酸催化小桐子油制备生物柴油

采用新型固体酸SO4^2-/TiO2-Al2O3替代传统的液体酸、碱催化剂,催化较高酸值小桐子油与甲醇进行酯交换反应制备生物柴油.考察了搅拌速度、固体酸催化剂用量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度和助溶剂等因素对产物中甲酯含量的影响.研究结果表明,固体酸催化剂对小桐子油酯交换反应具有较好的催化活性和稳定性,产物与催化剂易于分离.在反应温度为130℃、醇油摩尔比为15∶1、固体酸催化剂用量为油质量的4%、搅拌速度为480 r/min和助溶剂正己烷与小桐子油质量比为1∶4的条件下,反应4 h产物中小桐子油甲酯含量达到97.6%,反应10次甲酯含量维持在90%左右.制备得到的生物柴油质量达到国家柴油机燃料调合用生物柴油（BD100）标准.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.