Apoptosis Induced by High Concentrations of Nicotinamide in Tobacco Suspension Cells

As an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), nicotinamide has a restraining effect on apoptosis at certain low concentrations. In our present study, apoptosis induced by high concentrations of nicotinamide was observed in tobacco suspension cells. When cells were preincubated with 250 mmol/L nicotinamide for 24 h, the hallmarks of apoptosis were detected, including DNA fragments increasing in size by multiples of 180-200 bp，the condensation and peripheral distribution of nuclear chromatin, and a positive reaction to the TUNEL assay. At the same time, the degradation of PARP and the reduction in the potential of the inner membrane of mitochondria appeared in apoptotic cells induced by high concentrations of nicotinamide. This result indicates that apoptosis induced by high concentrations of nicotinamide is associated with caspase-3-1ike activity and with the opening of mitochondrial permeability pores. These results partially support the hypothesis that high concentrations of PARP inhibitor could force cells to enter an apoptotic pathway by delay of DNA repair in replicating cells.     

高糖高胆固醇诱导EA.hy926细胞凋亡中对HSPD1基因表达的影响

用高糖（25mmol/L葡萄糖）和胆固醇（0.8, 1.6, 3.2mmol/L）处理EA.分析高糖高胆固醇诱导EA.hy926细胞凋亡中对HSPD1基因表达的影响,研究表明随胆固醇浓度的增加,EA.hy926细胞活性下降,呈浓度依赖性.0.8mmol/L胆固醇低糖培养液培养12h的细胞活性与正常对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）,而0.8mmol/L胆固醇高糖培养液培养12h的细胞活性与正常对照组（高糖培养液+0mmol/L胆固醇）具显著性差异(P<0.01).低糖或高糖培养液+0.8mmol/L胆固醇处理EA.hy926细胞不同时间后,细胞活性呈时间依赖性下调,48h后细胞大部分变圆,脱落.高糖高胆固醇处理的细胞大部分发生凋亡（50%）,HSPD1基因表达显著上调.     

H2O2诱导烟草悬浮细胞的凋亡

烟草悬浮细胞经不同浓度的过氧化氢处理发现 ,当用 6mmol L的H2 O2 处理时从形态学上可观察到明显的染色质凝聚 ,细胞质皱缩和细胞核解体等现象 ;DNA电泳结果显示发生凋亡的细胞基因组DNA被降解形成明显的DNA梯状条带 ,从而表现出典型的细胞凋亡特征 .其他高浓度的处理也有以上特征 ,但细胞坏死数目也相对增多 ,因此本研究认为 6mmol L的H2 O2 处理 2 4h能够非常有效地诱导烟草悬浮细胞的凋亡 .     

甜菜碱对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖作用

研究甜菜碱对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖作用.应用MTT法观察体外甜菜碱在不同浓度、不同时间对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响,应用流式细胞仪（FCM）测小鼠脾淋巴细胞在不同时间周期的变化.结果表明,甜菜碱终浓度0.4、4、20 mmol/L均可促淋巴细胞增值,但终浓度4 mmol/L效果最为明显,在甜菜碱刺激24、48、72 h后,淋巴细胞均可显著增值,但随时间的加倍,增值幅度并不明显,综合考虑,24 h效果更好.终浓度4 mmol/L甜菜碱不同时间均可促进淋巴细胞由G0/G1期进入S期,且作用18 h效果最明显,其G0/G1期由97.03%下降到89.99%,S期由2.58%升高到9.08%.到24 h后,其诱导作用反而有些下降.因此,甜菜碱4 mmol/L作用24 h促淋巴细胞增殖最为理想.4 mmol/L的甜菜碱18 h促进淋巴细胞由G0/G1期进入S期的作用效果最好.     

5-氟尿嘧啶诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究

为进一步了解抗肿瘤药物5-氟尿嘧啶（5-fluorouracil,5-Fu）的作用机制,研究了5-Fu对体外培养的人乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7）和人宫颈癌细胞系（Hela）这两种肿瘤细胞生长繁殖的影响及有效的诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的浓度和作用时间。使用Leukostat染色法测定了细胞凋亡的百分率;DNA电泳分析了细胞凋亡出现的特异的DNAladder现象。结果表明,用10～20mmol／L浓度范围的5-Fu作用24h,能够引起肿瘤细胞产生典型的凋亡现象。     

氯化铒和氯化镝对小鼠免疫细胞作用的体外实验

为探讨稀土元素对机体免疫功能的影响,通过噻唑兰(MTT)法研究了氯化铒(ErCl3)和氯化镝(DyCl3)对小鼠免疫细胞的作用.结果表明,浓度为0.001,0.1,1μmol/L的ErCl3抑制小鼠脾细胞的增殖,其他测试浓度下的ErCl3对小鼠脾细胞增殖没有影响.除浓度为0.1μmol/L的DyCl3对小鼠脾细胞增殖没有影响外,其他测试浓度的DyCl3促进小鼠脾细胞的增殖.在测试浓度范围内,ErCl3对小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖的影响表现为:抑制-促进-没有影响-促进;DyCl3均促进小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖,而且随着作用浓度的增大,其促进作用减弱.ErCl3和DyCl3对小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖的影响是类似的,浓度为0.001和0.01μmol/L的ErCl3对小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖没有影响,同样浓度的DyCl3则促进小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖;升高浓度为0.1μmol/L时,ErCl3和DyCl3均抑制小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖,进一步升高浓度为1,10μmol/L时,它们都转而促进小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖.作用时间为4h时,ErCl3和DyCl3均能提高NK细胞的活性,当作用时间延长到8h时,其提高NK细胞的活性的能力减弱,甚至个别浓度转为降低NK细胞的活性.研究结果提示,ErCl3和DyCl3对小鼠免疫细胞的影响与其作用时间、浓度和稀土化合物的种类存在着一定的相关性.     

Na2CO3对粳稻发芽和幼苗生长的影响

以冕粳147、合系22-2两个粳稻品种为材料,研究Na2CO3胁迫对粳稻发芽和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,当Na2CO3胁迫浓度≤20mmol/L时,对粳稻种子发芽和幼苗叶片和根系生长有一定促进作用,幼苗叶片中的叶绿素含量略增加;但随着Na2CO3胁迫浓度的增加,粳稻种子萌发和幼苗叶片和根系生长受抑制的程度增强.当Na2CO3胁迫浓度＞60mmol/L时,幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量迅速下降,脯氨酸含量急剧上升.说明,粳稻种子萌发和幼苗生长对Na2CO3的耐受浓度为60mmol/L.     

KLF4沉默与阿霉素诱导的DNA损伤协同抑制肝癌HepG2细胞的生长

探究KLF4沉默与经不同作用浓度阿霉素处理诱导的DNA损伤对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖凋亡的影响及其作用机制.应用RNA干扰技术,采用siRNA转染HepG2细胞以沉默KLF4基因.采用MTT法检测KLF4沉默前后对HepG2细胞增殖的影响,使用流式细胞术检测KLF4沉默前后对HepG2细胞周期变化影响,应用Western blot法检测转染前后HepG2细胞中KLF4蛋白及细胞周期相关蛋白表达变化.Western blot检测到高浓度的阿霉素促进KLF4的表达,并且低浓度的阿霉素可使得细胞停滞在G2/M期,高浓度的阿霉素则使部分细胞凋亡(19.31%).将KLF4沉默后,发现细胞生长变缓,低浓度的阿霉素处理后,细胞随时间增加而出现更多的细胞凋亡;高浓度的阿霉素处理后,细胞数明显减少,更多的细胞发生凋亡(28.89%),且在KLF4沉默前后均发现低浓度阿霉素促进p53与p21表达,高浓度阿霉素抑制其表达.阿霉素诱导的DNA损伤可提高KLF4的表达,KLF4依赖于DNA损伤激活的p53促进p21的表达,进而引起G1/S期细胞周期阻滞.沉默KLF4与阿霉素诱导的DNA损伤可协同抑制肝癌细胞的增殖、促进凋亡,其在肝癌细胞 HepG2中扮演十分重要的角色.     

Na^＋、Ca^2＋、H2O2诱导黄瓜叶片细胞凋亡研究

用组织培养技术获得黄瓜叶片的愈伤组织,进而培养其悬浮细胞,然后用Na^＋、Ca^2＋、H2O2分别诱导黄瓜叶片悬浮细胞凋亡,并用显微镜观察和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其DNA。Na^＋（1．4mol／L）,Ca^2＋（500mmol／L）,H2O2（10％）作用于黄瓜叶片悬浮细胞后,用显微镜观察到凋亡小体;DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测出凋亡时形成的DNA ladder。结果表明：Na^2＋（1．4mol／L）,Ca^2＋（500rmnol／L）,H2O2（10％）都能诱导黄瓜叶片悬浮细胞凋亡。     

镉诱导扁藻（Platymonas cardiformis）类金属硫蛋白的初步研究

以CdCl2作为诱导剂，用不同浓度的CdCl2对扁藻进行诱导培养，随着CdCl2浓度的升高，扁藻的生长率逐渐降低。扁藻不能耐受1mmol／L以上的CdCl2．对MTL提取液进行紫外吸收、原子吸收等测定，结果表明扁藻类金属硫蛋白的合成随着CdCl2浓度的升高而增大，至0．25mmol／L达到最大值，每克湿藻能获得1．98mgMTI，诱导效果显著。     

Involvement of nitric oxide in the signal transduction of salicylic acid regulating stomatal movement

The effects and the relationship between sali-cylic acid(SA)and nitric oxide(NO) on Vicia faba L.stomatal movement were studied.The results here showed that exogenous SA and NO induced stomatal closure,100μmol/L SA induced a rapid and striking NO increase in the cytosol of guard cells.This phenomenon was largely prevented by 2000μmol/L 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide(PTIO),a specific NO scavenger,and 25μmol/L N^G-nitro-L-Arg-methyl eater (L-NAME),an inhibitor of NO synthase(NOS) in mammalian cells that also inhibits plant NOS.In addition,SA-induced stomatal closure was largely prevented by PTIO and L-NAME.These results provide evidence that guard cells generate NO in response to SA via NOS-like activity,and that such NO production is required for full stomatal closure in response to SA.H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazole-[4,3-α]quinoxalin-l-one(ODQ),an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase,and nicotinamide,an antagonist of cADPR production,inhibited the effects of SA-and NO-induced stomatal closure.It suggests that both cGMP and cADPR might mediate the signal transduction of SA and NO-induced stomatal closure.     

阿霉素诱导肝癌QGY-7701细胞凋亡的研究

观察阿霉素对人肝癌细胞株QGY-7701的凋亡诱导作用。实验用阿霉素处理QGY-7701细胞后,用台盼蓝拒染法检测细胞增殖活性;光镜、荧光显微镜、透射电镜观察细胞凋亡形态;DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术观察分析细胞凋亡情况;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率的变化。结果显示,阿霉素处理QGY-7701细胞后,出现了明显的凋亡现象,而且随着药物浓度的增加,细胞凋亡的趋势越明显。分析结果可知,阿霉素作用QGY-7701细胞48 h的IC50值为4.9μg/mL。流式细胞仪检测出阿霉素处理QGY-7701细胞的凋亡率逐渐上升。综上所述,阿霉素可以诱导QGY-7701细胞出现凋亡的现象。     

Assaying poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in plants by polarographic method

A new method has been developed to assay poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity in plant tissues through determining the content of nicotinamide (NIC) produced by enzymatic reaction by linear sweeping polarographic method. The detection limit of NIC was 0.03μmol/L, the calibration graph was linear up to 5 Mmol/L ( r = 0.999). The recoveries were approximately in the range of 92% to 98% and the relative standard deviations were less than 6.6% . Moreover, NAD+ and other interference existing in the mixture after enzymatic reaction had been removed by simple pretreatment, thus PARP assays were not interfered. A rapid, simple, sensitive and reliable nonisotopic method is reported to assay PARP activity in plant tissues . The results show that the KmNAD+ value of PARP in maize ( Zea mays L.) seedlings is 59 and the optimum pH for PARP activity is 8.5. Moreover, physiological conditions affect PARP activity in plant tissues, which has not been reported previously. When tobacco ( Nico-tiana tobacum) suspension cells were stressed by NaCI at low concentrations (100, 200 mmol/ L), the PARP activity increased significantly; when the cells were stressed at high concentrations (400, 1 000 mmol/L), it decreased to or even below the control level. PARP activity in etiolated maize seedlings was higher than that in light-grown seedlings.     

红树植物秋茄幼苗对多环芳烃芘胁迫的生理生态响应

采用砂基栽培,研究不同浓度(0,0.1,1,10 mg/ L)多环芳烃芘(Pyr),对红树植物秋茄(Kandelia candel)幼苗光合色素含量、光合速率、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量以及水分代谢的影响.结果表明: Pyr在0.1 mg/L及以下浓度,对秋茄幼苗叶片Chla、Chlb、叶绿素总量以及叶片的净光合速率的影响不明显;而浓度达1 mg/L及以上水平,则幼苗叶片Chla、Chlb和叶绿素总量均随之提高,Chla与Chlb比值未发生明显变化,而净光合速率则随之降低;Pyr浓度达1 mg/L及以上水平,对幼苗叶片的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,具有明显的促进作用.随着Pyr浓度的提高,幼苗原胚轴组织水势逐渐降低.Pyr浓度为0.1 mg/L,叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率较对照组有明显提高,表现了PAHs的正刺激作用;浓度为1～10 mg/L,叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著降低.秋茄幼苗对环境Pyr胁迫的抗性适宜生长的浓度范围在0.1～1 mg/L之间.     

氯化镧和氯化钆对小鼠免疫细胞作用的体外实验

通过MTT法研究了LaCl3和GdCl3对小鼠免疫细胞的作用.结果表明,GdCl3在0.001～10μmol/L浓度内均能促进小鼠脾细胞的增殖,0.001～0.1μmol/L的LaCl3促进小鼠脾细胞的增殖,其他浓度没有影响;除0.1μmol/L浓度外,其他测试浓度下的LaCl3均促进小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖;0.001μmol/L的GdCl3抑制小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖,0.01～1μmol/L时对小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖没有影响,10μmol/L时转而促进小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖.浓度为0.1μmol/L的LaCl3和GdCl3对小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖有抑制作用,其他测试浓度下均促进小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖.作用时间为4 h时,0.001μmol/L的LaCl3对NK细胞的活性没有影响,其他浓度下的LaCl3均能提高NK细胞的活性,0.001～10μmol/L的GdCl3均能提高NK细胞的活性;作用时间为8 h时,0.001和0.01μmol/L的LaCl3显著降低NK细胞的活性,0.1和1μmol/L的LaCl3提高NK细胞的活性,当浓度为10μmol/L时对NK细胞的活性没有影响,1μmol/L的GdCl3降低NK细胞的活性,其他测试浓度均能提高NK细胞的活性.这提示LaCl3和GdCl3对小鼠免疫细胞的影响模式与其作用浓度、作用时间以及稀土元素的种类都是密切相关的.     

Effect of Ab_(1-40) on membrane permeability and intracellular free Ca~(2+) of nerve cells

Alzheimers disease (AD) is a kind of progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by intracellularfibrillar tangles and extracellular senile plaques, the main component of the plaques are b-amyloid (Ab), composed of 3943 amino acids[1]. Glenner and Wong first isolated Ab peptide and determined the sequence in 1984, after-wards, a series of researches were done on its production, structure determination, aggregation, hydrophobicity, re-ceptor and cell toxicity. Ab is the abnormal fiss…     

Effect of CO2 enrichment on the glucosinolate contents under different nitrogen levels in bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.)

The effects of CO₂ enrichment on the growth and glucosinolate (GS) concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.) treated with three nitrogen (N) concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mmol/L) were investigated. Height, stem thickness, and dry weights of the total aerial parts, bolting stems, and roots, as well as the root to shoot ratio, significantly increased as CO₂ concentration was elevated from 350 to 800 μl/L at each N concentration. In the edible part of the bolting stem, 11 individual GSs were identified, including 7 aliphatic and 4 indolyl GSs. GS concentration was affected by the elevated CO₂ concentration, N concentration, and CO₂×N interaction. At 5 and 10 mmol N/L, the concentrations of aliphatic GSs and total GSs significantly increased, whereas those of indolyl GSs were not affected, by elevated atmospheric CO₂. However, at 20 mmol N/L, elevated CO₂ had no significant effects on the concentrations of total GSs and total indolyl GSs, but the concentrations of total aliphatic GSs significantly increased. Moreover, the bolting stem carbon (C) content increased, whereas the N and sulfur (S) contents decreased under elevated CO₂ concentration in the three N treatments, resulting in changes in the C/N and N/S ratios. Also the C/N ratio is not a reliable predictor of change of GS concentration, while the changes in N and S contents and the N/S ratio at the elevated CO₂ concentration may influence the GS concentration in Chinese kale bolting stems. The results demonstrate that high nitrogen supply is beneficial for the growth of Chinese kale, but not for the GS concentration in bolting stems, under elevated CO₂ condition.     

Ca~(2+)对水稻幼苗生长的影响

对水稻幼苗进行不同水平Ca2 + 处理 ,结果表明 :缺钙和加 0 75～ 10 5mmol/LCa2 + 处理对水稻幼苗的株高无明显影响 ;缺Ca2 + 会降低水稻幼苗的根系活力、叶绿素含量和光合强度 ;加Ca2 + 能增加水稻幼苗根冠比和根系活力 ;加低浓度 ( 0 75～ 1 5mmol/L)Ca2 + 可增加水稻幼苗的干物重、叶绿素含量和光合强度 ,促进水稻幼苗生长 ;加高浓度 ( 5 5～ 10 5mmol/L)Ca2 + 则降低叶绿素含量和光合强度 ,对水稻幼苗生长产生抑制作用     

入侵植物节节麦种子萌发及幼苗生长对盐碱胁迫的响应

【目的】节节麦入侵已严重威胁到我国小麦的安全生产,探明节节麦对盐碱生境的适应能力,为节节麦入侵扩散的进一步预测提供参考。【方法】研究了不同浓度[0(CK)、50、100、150和200 mmol/L] NaCl和Na₂CO₃胁迫对节节麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。【结果】①随着两种盐处理液浓度的增加,节节麦种子发芽率、胚芽及胚根长度均呈持续下降的变化。当处理液分别达到150及100 mmol/L时,NaCl和Na₂CO₃胁迫中节节麦种子发芽率与CK差异显著,至200 mmol/L时,Na₂CO₃处理的种子不发芽。此外,相同浓度条件下,Na₂CO₃胁迫中发芽和生长指标均明显低于NaCl处理;②盐碱胁迫中,随处理液浓度的增加,节节麦脯氨酸含量和SOD活性呈显著增加的变化,而相对电导率和MDA含量在低浓度盐碱处理中较CK增加不显著,之后在高浓度的处理中则呈急剧增加的变化。由此表明,节节麦能够通过自身调节适应一定范围的盐碱胁迫。此外,相同盐处理浓度条件下,Na₂CO₃处理的上述指标均明显高于NaCl处理。【结论】综合分析表明,节节麦对盐碱生境具有一定的适应能力,而Na₂CO₃对其种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制作用大于NaCl。     

Single molecule DNA compaction by purified histones

The compaction of single DNA molecules by purified histones is studied using magnetic tweezers. The compaction rate increases rapidly when the histone concentration is increased from 0.002 to 0.2 mmol/L, and saturates when the concentration is beyond 0.2 mmol/L. The time course of compaction is exponential at low histone concentrations. It becomes sigmoidal at high concentrations. Cooperativity between the histones bound to DNA is proposed to be responsible for the transition. The histones are loaded onto DNA randomly at low concentrations. They tend to bind DNA cooperatively at high con-centrations because the structural torsions of DNA induced by the bound histones become overlapping so that the binding of one histone facilitates the binding of others. Under very large forces, the com- pacted histone-DNA complex can be disrupted in a discrete manner with a step size of -60 nm. But the histones cannot be completely stripped off DNA, as is revealed by the lowered B-S transition plateau of the histone-bound DNA.