界面结合强度对Al_2O_3/钢基复合材料高温抗磨性的影响

通过对Ａｌ２ Ｏ３／ 耐热钢基复合材料界面结合强度的测试,分析了不同涂层对界面结合力的影响,对不同颗粒涂层的复合材料进行了９００ ℃下的高温磨料磨损试验,并分析了界面结合力对复合材料高温抗磨性的影响．结果表明：颗粒的不同涂层对复合材料界面结合强度的影响较大;颗粒经Ｎｉ 涂层处理后与基体的界面结合力增强,作为抗磨硬质相表现出良好的高温抗磨性能;颗粒有ＴｉＮ 涂层的复合材料由于界面结合强度较低,因而高温抗磨性较差．     

界面结合强度对Al2O3/钢基复合材料高温抗磨性的影响

通过对Ａｌ２Ｏ３／耐热钢基复合材料界面结合强度的测试,分析了不同涂层对界面结合力的影响,对不同颗粒涂层的复合材料进行了９００℃下的高温磨料磨损试验,并分析了界面结合力对复合材料高温抗磨性的影响,结果表明：颗粒的不同涂层对复合材料界面结合强度的影响较大;颗粒经Ｎｉ涂层处理的与基体的界面结合力增强,作为抗磨硬质相表现出良好的高温抗磨性能;颗粒有ＴｉＮ涂层的复合由于界面结合强度较低,因而高温抗磨性较差。     

氧化铝颗粒—耐热钢基复合材料的高温磨损特性

采用化学气相沉积技术对氧化铝颗粒表面进行涂层处理,通过负压铸渗工艺制备了氧化铝颗粒－耐热钢基复合材料,并对其在９００℃下的高温磨料磨损特性进行了研究,结果表明：耐热钢在高温下的磨损主要是由磨料的滚压形成的挤出唇,翻边脱落所引起,磨损量较大,而复合材料高温磨损时颗粒突出于基体,承受载荷多,阻碍了磨粒对基体的损伤,因而抗磨性较好,其高温耐磨性是基体材料的３．３倍多。     

涂层对氧化铝/耐热钢基复合材料磨料磨损性能的影响

通过化学气相沉积方法在氧化铝颗粒表面分别获得了Ni、TiN涂层。用不同涂层的氧化铝颗粒制备了氧化铝颗粒／耐热钢基复合材料，考察了复合材料在900℃下的磨料磨损抗力，结果表明：包Ni氧化铝复合材料的耐磨性是耐热钢的3．27倍，包TiN氧化铝复合材料的耐磨性是耐热钢的2．66倍。进一步的分析表明，包Ni氧化铝与耐热钢的界面结合强度可由无涂层时的0．67MPa提高到4．05MPa，而包TiN氧化铝与耐热钢的界面结合强度只提高到1．80MPa。较低的界面结合强度会导致氧化铝颗粒整体从基体中脱落，而包TiN氧化铝／耐热钢基复合材料的界面抗高温氧化性较差，也导致氧化铝颗粒易从基体中脱落，这两方面的作用是导致包TiN氧化铝复合材料高温磨料磨损抗力低的主要原因。     

Fe3Al／TiC复合材料的耐高温冲蚀性能

研究了Ｆｅ３Ａｌ／ＴｉＣ复合材料在高浓度ＳＯ２和ＳｉＯ２细颗粒气流中的耐高温冲蚀磨损性能,并与Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基合金和钴基高温合金在同等实验条件下进行比较,结果表明：Ｆｅ３Ａｌ／ＴｉＣ复合材料的高温抗冲蚀性优于２种对比材料。ＳＥＭ分析显示：Ｆｅ３Ａｌ／ＴｉＣ复合材料的冲蚀表面形貌以薄片屑形成机制为主。     

氧化铝颗粒-耐热钢基复合材料的高温磨损特性

采用化学气相沉积技术对氧化铝颗粒表面进行涂层处理,通过负压铸渗工艺制备了氧化铝颗粒－耐热钢基复合材料,并对其在900 ℃下的高温磨料磨损特性进行了研究,结果表明耐热钢在高温下的磨损主要是由磨料的滚压形成的挤出唇、翻边脱落所引起,磨损量较大,而复合材料高温磨损时颗粒突出于基体,承受载荷多,阻碍了磨粒对基体的损伤,因而抗磨性较好,其高温耐磨性是基体材料的3.3倍多．     

Fe基－Al_2O_3复合材料的界面研究

将工业还原铁粉、Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒、炭粉及某种适量粘结剂，通过粉末冶金方法在高温下进行烧结，制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒增强Ｆｅ基复合材料。用ＳＴＥＭ，ＴＥＭ及ＳＥＭ对界面结合机制进行了分析与研究。结果表明，烧结过程中在Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒与Ｆｅ基界面生成了中间相，使Ａｌ２Ｏ３与铁基有良好的结合强度，所制备的Ｆｅ基－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料的硬度、耐磨性已超过相同含碳量的碳钢材料     

Al2O3颗粒增强不锈钢基表面复合材料腐蚀性能的研究

针对湿法磷酸工况,设计了不锈钢基体的化学成分;在Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒表面,通过化学气相沉积Ｎｉ涂层,解决了颗粒与基体的润湿性问题;采用负压铸渗工艺制备了氧化铝－锈钢基表面复合材料,并研究了该复合材料在此工况下的静态耐蚀性能,发现了耐蚀性能超过了高铬钢。     

HEDP表面处理 对Ni3Al氧化行为的影响

利用高能量密度等离子体（ＨＥＤＰ）对金属间化合物Ｎｉ３Ａｌ进行了表面处理，在合金表面获得了纳米级微晶层。该微晶层可以通过增加Ａｌ２Ｏ３优先形核位置和提高Ａｌ的向外扩散促进Ｎｉ３Ａｌ氧化时形成表面Ａｌ２Ｏ３，消除了生长速度较快的ＮｉＯ相。     

ZL109激光表面改性处理--激光表面合金化

采用１０ｋＷ的连续横流ＣＯ２激光器在铸造Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金基底上制备了厚度为２．０～２．５ｍｍ的镍合金化改性层．利用ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ及ＥＤＸ等分析方法测试了其微观组织和结构．结果表明：合金化涂层是由α－Ａｌ、Ａｌ３Ｎｉ２、Ｎｉ３Ａｌ、ＡｌＮｉ等Ａｌ／Ｎｉ相以及少量Ｓｉ相组成,涂层与基底之间界面两侧存在明显的成分变化,合金化改性层的平均显微硬度为１７９～２３３ＨＶ０．１,比基底Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金提高了８４ＨＶ０．１以上．耐磨性对比试验的结果表明,镍合金化涂层的表面磨损情况大大改善,相对耐磨性提高了４倍以上．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.