中国暴雨泥石流危险性区划

泥石流是一种典型的突发性泥沙灾害，而中国是暴雨泥石流多发的国家之一．基于全国县市行政区的暴雨泥石流形成条件数据，运用突发性泥沙灾害危险性快速区划方法可以有效地进行中国暴雨泥石流危险性区划．区划结果按照泥石流危险度分为高、较高、中、较低、低五类区．中对区划结果的合理性进行了解释，通过敏感性分析说明了该方法的稳定性，最后将区划结果与采用其他区划方法获得的结果进行了比较并通过相似性和t-检验间接验证了该方法的准确性。     

小秦岭地区泥石流环境条件量化研究与趋势分析的系统熵模型

小秦岭地区位于秦岭东段,是我国地质环境破坏比较严重的地区之一,泥石流灾害频发,造成了生命财产的重大损失.泥石流灾害受地质、地貌、水文、气象、土壤、植被等自然因素和人为因素综合作用的控制,是山区地质环境和生态环境恶化的产物.介绍了小秦岭地区的地形地貌、气象与水文、岩土体性质以及人类活动情况,归纳出9个主要泥石流发生的环境条件因子,对其量化权重标准进行了说明与评价.按耗散结构熵变的观点,建立了小秦岭地区泥石流灾害趋势系统熵模型,进行了评价与验证,指出了该模型的不足之处,并对以后小秦岭地区泥石流趋势分析方向进行了展望.     

陕西省商洛地区1994年山洪泥石流灾害研究

通过野外实际考察，对１９９４年商洛地区发生的大面积暴雨泥石流的类型、分布、形成条件，以及典型泥石流的流速和流量进行了计算。认为泥石流是山区主要的自然灾害，只有恢复生态环境，加强防治措施，才能减轻泥石流灾害损失，促进该地区国民经济的发展。     

贵州七星关区大河乡岔沟泥石流形成条件分析

本文对贵州七星关区大河乡岔沟泥石流形成条件作研究,从地形地貌条件,水源条件,物源条件进行分析,阐述泥石流灾害在暴雨季节是中频发生时期,在长时间降雨和短时暴雨情况下产生泥石流的可能性增大。对泥石流的运动特征进行了分析,为泥石流防治设计提供基础资料。     

四川省九龙县暴雨诱发泥石流的时空特征及其阈值确定

暴雨是诱发四川省九龙县泥石流灾害的主要因素,本研究对九龙县气象局1952—2018年的气象数据和1991—2018年的泥石流灾害数据进行分析.结果表明:九龙县暴雨诱发泥石流具有明显的时空特征,九龙县境内各地均有发生泥石流灾害的可能性,发生概率由北向南依次增加,九龙县南部是泥石流的高发区; 20:00-02:00是泥石流发生的高发时段.依据各种资料建立九龙县暴雨诱发泥石流预警指标体系:当降水强度大于16～20 mm/h时诱发泥石流的可能性较大,为注意级;降水强度在20～35mm/h时诱发泥石流的可能性很大,为预警级;降水强度≥35 mm//h时诱发泥石流的可能性极大,为警报级.     

基于GIS的秦岭暴雨灾害风险评价研究

以陕西秦岭为研究区域,应用16个县、市的DEM地理、气象、社会经济等数据,运用克里格插值法、层次分析法(AHP)和极差标准化等,从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体脆弱性以及防灾减灾能力等方面建立陕西秦岭地区暴雨灾害风险评价模型;利用GIS软件中的自然断点分类法、去量纲化和栅格计算器分析等方法,进行陕西秦岭地区暴雨灾害风险指数的计算分析.结果表明:汉中市、石泉县、安康市和商南县处在暴雨灾害高风险区,宝鸡市、商州市处在低风险区;将暴雨灾害风险综合指数图与近10年陕西秦岭地区暴雨灾害实际发生情况进行对比,与实际基本吻合,风险评价精度较高,为陕西秦岭地区暴雨灾害预警及防灾减灾提供借鉴.     

大桥沟泥石流运动特征及其对工程影响分析

以大桥沟泥石流为例,针对没有泥石流运动特征实测资料的情况,在地质调查的基础上,根据泥石流、洪水、暴雨三者之间的紧密联系,采用推理公式、雨洪修正与泥痕调查相结合,将已知的不同设计频率下的暴雨特征值转化为不同设计频率下的洪水峰值流量,最终求出不同设计频率下的泥石流峰值流量、一次泥石流总量及输沙量等特征值;最后结合泥石流发生频率分析,对泥石流对工程的影响作出评价.此方法可为西南地区在没有泥石流运动特征实测资料的情况下分析泥石流对工程的影响提供借鉴.     

汶川地震扰动区文县“8·7”泥石流灾害特征分析——以洋汤沟为例

2017年8月7日,文县遭受特大暴雨袭击,暴雨中心最大降雨量109.8 mm,强降水引发群发性泥石流灾害.其中文县梨坪、天池、舍书3个乡镇受灾严重,洋汤沟泥石流因其隐蔽性是其中的典型代表.本研究以羊汤沟为例,分析汶川地震扰动区文县"8·7"泥石流灾害特征与成因,结果表明,洋汤沟泥石流属于沟谷型、低频率、稀性泥石流,流域地形陡峻,汇水面积大,动力条件好,一旦遭遇暴雨,可再次引发泥石流灾害.灾后恢复重建应充分考虑泥石流危害,提高泥石流设防标准,因地制宜采取植被恢复、水砂分离、拦挡停淤、排导引流等措施进行治理,并划定危险区,对部分居民采取避让搬迁.洋汤沟泥石流灾害趋于活跃,泥石流形成的致灾能力在不断增加,隐蔽性较强,类似灾害的提前识别是今后需要关注的重点.     

临沧地区暴雨气候特征分析

暴雨及其引发的洪涝、泥石流、滑坡等是临沧地区的主要自然灾害，对全区工农业生产和人民生命财产造成的损失十分严重。统计41年来临沧地区8县逐日雨量资料，分析暴雨天气的气候特征，探索暴雨发生的一般规律，对进一步地提高暴雨天气预报准确率，提供防灾减灾的科学依据 有十分重要的意义。     

甘肃省陇南市白龙江流域泥石流灾害事件与降水特征的关系

甘肃省陇南市白龙江流域泥石流灾害事件高发区与暴雨中心、高发期与暴雨集中期均有很好的对应关系.短时间强降水是激发该区域泥石流的主要降水类型,10 min雨强可以作为该区域泥石流预报因子,灾害事件当次降水量和10 min雨强的函数关系可以用于估算研究区不同区域泥石流临界降水量.沟谷沿岸中、低植被覆盖下的砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、千枚岩等软弱岩层区,在强降水条件下较短时间内就会发生泥石流灾害,应在该区域加大防灾减灾力度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with