The antipole evolution effect of immature-low mature organic matter ——Report from low-temperature low-pressure artificial hydropyrolysis experiment

The low-temperature and low-pressure artificial hydropyrolysis experiment proves that at the immature-low mature thermal evolution stage of source rock, the condensation reaction and the thermal degradation reaction occur continuously and simultaneously in both soluble organic matter and insoluble organic matter. This process was called "antipole evolution", which means transformation into two opposing extremes. The soluble organic matter and insoluble organic matter constitute an organic related integrity, transforming mutually in a dynamic equilibrium. Non-hydrocarbon and asphaltene are key intermediates between kerogen and hydrocarbon . Asphaltene is one of the major sources of immature hydrocarbons.     

Kerogen——as a sort of organic bearer of gold in gold-bearing formations

Organic component, organic carbon and gold content analyses were used to study the relationship between gold mineralization and organic matter in major host rocks of three different chronological gold-bearing formations of South China. The results show that the organic matter of host rocks in various chronological major gold-bearing formations of South China has associated with gold mineralization in genesis. There is a positive correlation between gold and organic carbon in the host rocks of gold-bearing formations. Gold element was mainly enriched in insoluble organic matter—kerogen. Gold content of the kerogen is commonly higher from a few tens to several hundred times than that of the whole rocks, up to 5%–40% gold of the whole rocks. Gold remaining in the kerogen was considered an organic group of the kerogen to combine with ionic gold in solution through surface absorption, ion exchange complex reaction and chelation so that the kerogen could have become an important sort of organic bearer of gold in gold-bearing formations.     

烃源岩中黏土与可溶有机质相互作用研究展望

黏土吸附可溶有机质在沉积物和烃源岩中普遍存在,它将在烃源岩的研究中扮演重要的角色.烃源岩中可溶有机质与不可溶有机质都与黏土共存,但黏土吸附的可溶有机质在烃源岩中占有较大的比重,其形成贯穿于有机质的聚集、沉积、保存和成岩的全过程,可能是烃源岩中油气生成的一种天然母质.可溶有机质赋存于黏土矿物微孔隙、表面和层问,以多种键合方式结合形成了有机黏土复合体,具有自己独特的性质,这与烃源岩中的不可溶有机质--干酪根的特征完全不同.采用不同有机溶剂抽提得到的可溶有机质的量存在差异;不同类型的黏土矿物吸附有机质方式和数量也存在差异,展现了烃源岩中可溶有机质-黏土的关系极其复杂.因此,从黏土一可溶有机质的相互作用角度开拓烃源岩研究的思路,对有机质生烃机理的研究以及油气资源量的计算都具有重要的意义.     

Organic compositions of lacustrine source rocks in Jiyang super-depression and its implication to petroleum geology

IMMATURE OIL WAS FIRST DISCOVERED IN WELL YI18 IN CHINA [1]. FROM THEN ON, MORE AND MORE IMMATURE OILS WERE DISCOVERED IN JIYANG SUPER-DEPRESSION, FOR EXAM- PLE, SOUTHERN SLOPE OF DONGYING DEPRESSION, GUNAN SAG IN ZHANHUA DEPRESSION, TAOERHE, DAWANGZHUANG…     

褐煤氧化制备水溶酸

实验研究发现,黄县褐煤的碱空气深度氧化法制备水溶酸的最佳氧化条件：温度为２２０℃,压力为２．８ＭＰａ,碱煤质量比为１．６∶１,反应时间为６ｈ。在此条件下,有机碳的有效转化率为６７．５％,其中水溶酸中的碳占７２．３％。采用蒸汽压渗透法测定水不溶酸和水溶酸的相对分子质量,并采用色质谱对用石灰乳处理后的氧化液的组成进行了定性分析。由分析结果知,水溶酸主要由苯多羧酸组成,酯化后可作为聚氯乙烯增塑剂和润滑剂添加剂     

烃源岩热摸拟实验研究的进展

烃源岩的热模似是探索油气形成机制、重现油气形成过程的重要手段之一，在研究了国内外有关热模拟实验研究文献的基础上，从热模拟实验条件（包括实验装置、实验温度与时间、介质）热模拟实验的研究内容等方面，概括总结了前人研究成果．研究表明．在实验条件方面，热模拟实验朝着低温长时和加水热模拟方向发展，实验装置与计算机联接的开发，以在控制手段、检测方式、项目和精度上有所提高；在研究内容方面将日益趋于广泛，包括煤及陆源有机质、碳酸盐岩、现代生物和沉积物等方面的热模拟实验研究．     

钙离子对高锰酸钾与天然有机物反应的影响

利用单宁酸做为天然有机物的代表研究了高锰酸钾与天然有机物的反应,考察了钙离子及钙离子和高锰酸钾不同投加顺序的影响及机理,并利用FTIR对反应进行了光谱学研究.结果表明,高锰酸钾与单宁酸反应生成可溶性分子,钙离子和高锰酸钾不同投加顺序对二者反应有一定的影响,先投加钙离子再投加高锰酸钾,溶液UV276.5的降低较多一些,D...     

含多硫基和吡啶配体的四核铜簇合物合成与表征

采用铜粉、硫粉、硫化钾及３－甲基吡啶在常湿、常温下直接合成了标题化合物。它是橙红色晶体，不溶于水反常规有机溶剂。通过元素及热分析、红外光谱、电化学性质以及Ｘ射线结晶学等特征．     

克炼减渣中钙化合物的特点

用过滤、溶剂抽提、水抽提法将克炼减渣中钙化合物分为二甲苯不溶性钙、水溶性钙和油溶性钙，用氧化铝吸附柱色谱将水抽提后渣油分为若干组分，并测定了钙在上述分离过程中的分布。结果表明，克炼减渣中二甲苯不溶性钙占1.6%，水溶性钙占61.4%，油溶性钙点37.0%；柱色谱分离过程中绝大多数有机钙残留在吸附柱上，且滞留量随氧化铝含水量的增加而增大，这部分钙可能是极性很大的带羧基或酚氧基的化合物或多环芳烃类化合物。     

Quantification and implications of two types of soluble organic matter from brackish to saline lake source rocks

Two types of soluble organic matter, the free and adsorbed, were obtained and quantified from the brackish to saline lake source rocks. The adsorbed type was extracted with chloroform, solvent mixtures of methanol：acetone：chloroform （MAC） and CS2：N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone （CSz/NMP）. The total amounts of the two types of soluble organic matter from some immature source rocks are 〉830 mg/g TOC, more than 63% of the total organic matter in these samples. This result indicates that the majority of the organic matter in the immature source rocks in the brackish to saline lake basin is soluble, and is significant for study of petroleum formation and helpful for petroleum exploration in the brackish to saline lake basin.     

Experimental study to confirm the existence of hydrocarbon under high pressure and temperature of deep lithosphere

Previous studies indicated that the existence of over- pressure in sedimentary basins not only affects the as- sessment of oil and gas resources, but also closely re- lates to the accumulation and preservation of petroleumin deep reservoirs[1,2]. It is well known that there are more than 180 overpressure basins in the world. Be- cause fluid pressure is transient in sedimentary basin over geologic time, the effect of increasing pressure on organic matter metamorphism is difficult to determine, …     

磷石膏中杂质的存在形态及其分布情况研究

研究了磷石膏中杂质存在形式及其分布情况，结果表明：磷石膏中杂质主要是磷、氟及有机物。磷分为可溶性磷、共晶磷以及难溶性磷。其中共晶磷是以CaHPO4·2H2O形式存在，而难溶性磷是以CaPO3（OH）·2H2O、AlPO4·2H2O形式存在。随着磷石膏粒径的不同，磷石膏中的磷、氟等杂质的分布存在差异。可溶性磷、总磷、氟和有机物杂质含量随着磷石膏粒度的增加而增加，而共晶磷含量出现相反的变化趋势。粒径分布与含量之间存在一定关系，可为有效选择磷石膏预处理方式提供理论依据。     

“Compression dynamometamorphic solid bitmen” and its significance in oil and gas exploration

There is natural occurrence of pressure-induced solid bitumen, here referred to as “compression dynamometamorphic solid bitumen”. It differs in physical properties and chemical structure from thermal metamorphic solid bitumen. Under a high pressure and moderate temperature, the solid bitumen forms crystals and its reflectance rises rapidly with increasing crystallization. Accordingly, its reflectance can reach a very high value without having been exposed to a high level of thermal stress. Laboratory simulation confirms the formation of pressure-induced solid bitumen at moderate temperatures. The revelation of this new bitumen type is very helpful in the accurate maturity determination of carbonate organic matter. Foundation item: Supported by Chinese Key Project of Science and Technology (96-111-03-04) Biography: GAO Zhi-nong (1961-), male, Ph.D, Associate professor, Research direction: organic geochemistry.     

聚苯乙烯-b-聚嵌段共聚物的合成及其化学反应诱导自组装研究

采用RAFT可控自由基聚合方法,合成了由苯乙烯和马来酸酐/苯乙烯交替序列组成的两嵌段共聚PST101-b-P(MA-alt-ST)29;用1HNMR和GPC对共聚物的结构组成进行表征,将其中的马来酸酐用氨基丙基甲氧基硅烷进行氨解开环,得到含有甲氧基硅烷侧基的嵌段共聚物.进一步在碱性催化剂三乙胺的作用下,侧基上的硅氧烷迅速水解反应,并发生聚集.该聚集由于受到可溶性的聚苯乙烯链段的辅助,不会形成宏观的沉淀,而是通过化学反应诱导自组装过程,一步获得聚合物--二氧化硅有机/无机纳米杂化粒子,用动态光散射和透射电镜对所形成的纳米粒子进行了详细表征.     

Precambrian organic matter

The late progress of the research on Precambrian organic matter in biomarkers, isotopes and relative analytical techniques is reviewed. The key problems in the research of Precambrian organic matter, such as indigenous test of soluble organic matter, are also discussed. At the end, the further work upon Precambrian organic matter is suggested.     

Precambrian organic matter

The late progress of the research on Precambrian organic matter in biomarkers, isotopes and relative analytical techniques is reviewed. The key problems in the research of Precambrian organic matter, such as indigenous test of soluble organic matter, are also discussed. At the end, the further work upon Precambrian organic matter is suggested.     

四硫基．联吡啶合锌的合成与性能研究

标题化合物采用锌粉 ,硫粉及联吡啶在N ,N—二甲基甲酰胺中直接反应 ,最后得到橙黄色晶体 ,它不溶于水、醇和二硫化碳 ,可溶于DMF .通过元素分析 ,表明其化学式为ZnS4 (C10H8N2 ) .对标题化合物进行红外光谱归属 ,同时进行热重分析、循环伏安分析、紫外光谱分析及荧光性能研究 .结果表明 ,在λEm=2 82nm处有荧光效应 .     

镜质体反射率异常偏低的介质条件探讨

东营凹陷牛38 井和王35井中R_o都出现了随深度增加逐渐降低的趋势,具有相似的沉积背景、有机质类型和成分。其中牛38井处于超压背景,王35井处于正常压力背景。从无机介质条件出发对有机质热演化的影响进行了探讨,指出除异常压力对有机质的抑制作用外,有机质所处的无机地球化学环境是影响有机质热演化进行的又一个主要因素。实验测定和研究结果表明：2口井目的层段内常量元素和微量元素含量相似,具有一致的无机介质环境,钙含量和Sr/Ba比值与R_o具有负相关,表明酸性条件有利于有机质热演化,盐度较高的条件下,形成的有机质更加富氢,不利于有机质热演化,在热演化过程中R_o会受到抑制,而且会出现异常偏低。     

辽东湾某区块1号井有机地球化学研究

运用CDS820GS地球化学分析系统,分析了辽西凹陷某区块1号井烃源岩有机质的热解气相色谱特征、模拟烃源岩热解化学反应的动力学,并结合其它地化分析资料对烃源岩的有机质类型及热演化程度进行了研究。沙三段和东下段为两套主力烃源岩。沙三段以偏腐泥的过渡类型有机质(Ⅱ_1)为主,其热演化过程为中等;东下段以偏腐殖的过渡类型有机质(Ⅱ_2)为主,其热解演化为低成熟。文中还提出了利用热解气相色谱方法划分有机质类型的几项参数指标,分析和讨论了矿物质在热解中的影响。     

海相页岩优势储集相划分—以重庆周缘下志留统龙马溪组和下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩为例

页岩岩相划分在中国南方海相页岩气的勘探开发过程中曾得到广泛研究,但由于在岩相划分过程中未考虑控制页岩有机质孔隙发育的热演化程度这一关键参数,从目前针对演化程度过高的海相页岩气的开发成果来看并不理想,因此页岩岩相划分并不适用于演化程度过高的海相页岩。提出基于页岩有机碳含量、储层热演化程度及有机质孔隙有效赋存空间组合的优势储集相概念及划分。页岩优势储集相是指储层的热演化程度、有机碳含量与有机质孔隙的组合。此次研究以重庆周缘下志留统龙马溪组和下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩为研究对象,选取岩心样品进行有机碳含量测试、等效镜质体反射率测定及聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜(FIB-SEM)等实验,明确龙马溪组和牛蹄塘组页岩的总有机碳(TOC)含量、镜质体反射率(Ro)及不同岩相页岩内有机质孔隙发育等特征。结果表明:龙马溪组页岩的富泥硅质页岩和硅质页岩均发育大量有机质孔隙,而同样岩相的牛蹄塘组页岩样品均不发育有机质孔隙。页岩中的有机质孔隙发育受控于储层的热演化程度,与页岩的岩相特征并无关系。优势储集相划分结果表明:研究区龙马溪组页岩属于适宜演化富有机质储集相(RC-1),由于热演化程度适宜,TOC含量高,储层内部发育大量有机质孔隙,使烃类气体得到有效赋存;而牛蹄塘组页岩属于过演化富有机质储集相,虽然TOC含量高,但热演化程度过高,导致储层内部有机质孔隙大量消失,烃类气体无法有效赋存。页岩优势储集相概念的提出与划分可进一步为南方高—过成熟度海相页岩气的高效勘探开发提供更准确的参数指标。