基于谱聚类带有节点特征的社区发现算法

提出一类基于谱聚类算法的带有节点特征的社区发现算法(SCSA),该算法首先将带有节点特征的网络图转化为加权图,其中边的权重用节点特征相似度度量,然后将谱聚类算法应用到加权图上进行社区检测.SCSA算法将带有节点特征的网络图分成K个社区,每个社区内节点不仅连接良好而且具有相似的特征属性.注意到不是所有节点的特征在社区划分过程中都是有用的,与划分无关的特征信息会降低社区发现算法的准确度.为此,提出了一类节点特征权重自调整机制嵌入到谱聚类中以提高社区检测质量.数值实验的结果验证了所提算法的有效性.     

基于共邻节点相似度的加权网络社区发现方法

为实现加权网络的准确划分,发现真实的社区结构,提出一种基于模块度和共邻节点相似性的层次聚类社区划分方法IEM.首先,定义两节点间基于共邻节点的相似度.之后,基于该度量快速聚合当前节点和与其关联紧密度最强的邻居节点以形成初始社区,并进行社区扩展.最后,以最大化网络模块度为目标进行社区合并以优化划分结果.算法通过形成初始社区、扩展社区、合并社区三步,实现了加权网络合理有效的社区划分.以加权模块度作为社区划分质量的评价标准,在多个数据集上的实验结果表明,IEM算法优于加权CN、加权AA、加权RA.同时,与CRMA算法相比,IEM算法对加权网络社区划分的有效性和正确性更高.     

基于边信任度的混合参数自适应重叠社区发现算法

网络中的社区结构有助于简化网络拓扑结构分析,揭示系统内部的规律,能够为信息推荐和信息传播控制提供有力的支撑.网络重叠社区结构与真实生活更加接近,但其分析较非重叠社区结构更加困难.因此,针对重叠社区发现问题,在对网络的边进行峰值聚类的基础上提出了一种基于边信任度的混合参数的自适应重叠社区发现算法.定义了网络边的邻居边集合及与其邻居边之间的信任度函数,通过信息传递获取边的总信息量,并且基于此引入混合参数的概念.基于k-means算法使用混合参数对网络中的边进行聚类,即将网络中的边划分为核心边集与非核心边集,每个核心边作为一个聚类中心.根据非核心边到核心边的距离将所有非核心边划分至距离其最近的聚类中心所在社区.再根据网络中边与节点的关系实现重叠节点发现,最终实现重叠社区的发现.该算法的优点是每条边通过独立地完成信息扩散找到社区的结构,相比于传统的峰值聚类算法,不需要人为设置相关参数,实现重叠社区的自适应发现.为验证算法的可行性,对算法复杂度进行了分析,并且使用两种社区划分评价指标——标准化互信息和模块度,分别在人工数据集及6种真实数据集上进行实验,通过与其他算法进行对比分析,实验结果表明该算法更具可行性和有效性.     

基于边聚类系数的谱聚类社区划分方法研究

针对图谱划分方法在划分社区结构不是很明显的网络时,不能得到好的划分效果,该文提出了基于边聚类系数的谱聚类社区划分方法.由于社区内部节点之间的连接比各个社区间节点的连接稠密,边聚类系数的大小反映了节点的聚集程度,因而通过网络中的边所构三角形的数量定义了聚类系数矩阵,矩阵中的元素即处于网络中的边实际构成三角形的数量.在增益函数最大化的过程中,使用了矩阵的特征值和特征向量,以此来进行社区划分.通过在真实网络数据中进行实验,结果表明该算法可行.     

基于向量划分的复杂网络社区结构发现

社区结构是复杂网络最重要的结构特性之一,通过优化模块度来进行社区结构发现是目前使用最为广泛的一类方法.通过将网络看做有向图,模块度矩阵可表示为顶点的有向边向量表示的交叉协方差矩阵,但是该矩阵不是正定的.现有方法通过对该矩阵的进行谱分解,提取大于零的特征根对应的成分,将社区发现问题描述为向量划分问题.本文通过修正交叉协方差矩阵的对角线,使之满足正定性条件,将其表示为顶点向量的内积矩阵.因此,无须对模块度矩阵进行谱分解,甚至无须显式计算顶点的表示向量,就可以将基于模块度的社区发现问题重构为一个向量划分问题.进一步,从向量划分的角度解释了有限分辨率现象的根源,设计了以最大化向量夹角为指导的贪婪算法,该方法比直接优化模块度的方法有更高的异质社区分辨能力.在合成网络和真实网络上分别进行了实验验证,实验结果证实了所提方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于乘法更新规则的k-means与谱聚类的联合学习

k-means和谱聚类是两种应用最广泛的聚类技术. k-means是基于矩阵分解的聚类方法,并且是在数据空间上基于误差极小化的聚类方法 .谱聚类是基于图的聚类方法,并且是基于两点在数据空间和特征空间的相似性保持的聚类方法.为了利用两者的优势,提出一种基于乘法更新规则的k-means和谱聚类的联合学习方法,该方法将k-means和谱聚类结合成一个统一的聚类模型,该模型可在单次优化中同时优化k-means和谱聚类的目标;此外,还基于乘法更新规则设计了对聚类中心C与聚类指示器Y进行迭代更新的优化算法.重要的是,在理论上证明了所设计算法的正确性和收敛性.在典型的数据集上进行测试,实验结果表明提出的联合学习算法在聚类精度和标准互信息度指标上都有所提高.     

基于重要结点的社区发现算法

复杂网络中内部的社区结构是复杂网络结构特征和属性特征的具体体现。首先依据模块度最大化理论计算网络的模块度矩阵的最大k特征向量矩阵;然后提出聚类中心方法,并用于求出k个社团的重要结点作为k聚类中心,利用欧几里得距离计算每一个结点到k个聚类中心的距离,将结点分配到距离聚类中心最近的社区中;最后对网络应用k-means方法进行迭代计算,得到k个社区的划分。分别在Karate Club Network和American College Football数据集上对算法进行了实验验证,实验结果表明该算法可以有效发现潜在社区,其纯度与模块度比已有的社区发现算法都有一定的提高,并且迭代次数较少,效率较高。     

结合图论与地理信息系统的供水管网分区优化

提出了供水管网水力路径、耗散路径概念,并通过图论Dijkstra最短路径算法获得了供水管网最短水力路径结构和最短耗散路径结构,通过地理信息系统(GIS)将其可视化.考虑压力分布、行政区域以及道路走向,通过安装水表和阀门来确定不同分区供水范围.水表应安装在主要供水路径上,阀门应安装在最短耗散路径经过次数较少的管道上.以能量参数、压力统计参数和压力参数作为供水管网3种性能参数衡量分区影响,实现了复杂供水管网分区优化,并确定了不同分区的水流连通情况.     

基于谱聚类的二分网络社团检测算法

针对二分网络社团检测算法存在精度不高和丢失原始网络信息等问题，设计了一种新的融合奇异值分解的谱聚类(SVD-MS)算法.该方法是将Barber的二分网络模块度最大化问题映射到奇异值向量分解上，并结合启发式算法快速求解向量划分问题.在3个真实世界的网络中对比SVD-MS算法与7种算法的模块度，结果表明，在保留原始网络信息的情况下，SVD-MS算法能更有效地划分二分网络的社团结构.     

K近邻的自适应谱聚类快速算法

谱聚类算法建立在谱图划分理论基础上,与传统的聚类算法相比,它具有能在任意形状的样本空间上聚类且收敛于全局最优解的优点。然而,谱聚类算法涉及如何选取合适的尺度参数σ构造相似度矩阵的问题。并且,在处理大规模数据集时,聚类的过程需要较大的时间和内存开销。研究从构造相似度矩阵入手,以传统NJW算法为基础,提出一种基于K近邻的自适应谱聚类快速算法FA-SC。该算法能自动确定尺度参数σ;同时,对输入数据集分块处理,并用基于K近邻的稀疏相似度矩阵保存样本信息,减少计算的内存开销,提高了运行速度。通过实验,与传统谱聚类算法比较,FA-SC算法在人工数据集和UCI数据集上能够取得更好的聚类效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.