大倾角下新型热管冷板传热性能的试验研究

针对在受限空间内工作的行波管阵列所面临的多热源、高热流密度、高散热功率冷却问题,研制了一种新型热管冷板.在自行设计建立的试验台上,对新型热管冷板在大倾角下(60°≤θ≤90°)工作时的传热性能进行了系统的试验研究.试验结果表明,在不同加热总功率P(1600—4000W)和不同冷却水流量Q(100—400L/h)下,热管冷板均能在3—15m in内正常起动.除了P=1600W、Q>300L/h情况下的冷板均温性不能符合行波管冷却要求外,其余试验工况下冷板壁面的最大温差ΔTmax<10℃,冷板壁面的最高温度ΔTmax<70℃,热管冷板的总热阻<0.01℃/W,表明新型热管冷板具有优异的均温高效传热性能.为了有效地发挥新型热管冷板的均温高效散热性能,必须保证其在匹配的冷凝段冷却条件和蒸发段加热条件下工作.在试验的倾角范围内,随着倾角的增大,热阻单调递增;冷却水流量增大或加热功率增加时,热管冷板的换热增强,热阻减小.     

热管地板辐射供暖的特性

在不同的供水温度和流量下对热管地板辐射供暖的特性进行了实验研究．实验结果表明：地板表面温度和散热量随供水温度的升高而明显增加，随流量的增加而略有增加；热管间距为300mm、供水温度为35-45℃、流量为0．1-0．3m^3／h的运行条件下，地板的散热量和表面温度基本可满足供暖房间的需要，供水温度比塑料管系统低4-6℃，管间距比塑料管系统大；地板的蓄热时间是预热时间的3倍左右，与塑料管系统相比具有升温快降温慢的优势；采用热管地板辐射供暖后室内空气竖向温度梯度较小．     

冷却水流量对蒸发段上移的三相闭式重力热管传热性能的影响

本文将流化床换热防垢节能技术与两相闭式重力热管相结合,设计并构建了蒸发段上移的铜/水-碳化硅三相闭式重力热管．分别采用水和碳化硅颗粒作为液相和固相工质,考察了冷却水流量(50～75 L/h)、充液率(15%～30%)和加热功率(100～300 W)等操作参数对闭式重力热管传热性能的影响．研究结果表明,碳化硅颗粒的加入可以明显地降低蒸发段上移的闭式重力热管的总热阻,强化传热．实验范围内,总热阻减少率最大为33.8%,相应的充液率为FR=20%,加热功率Q=200 W,冷却水流量W=100 L/h．在较低的冷却水流量下,两相和三相闭式重力热管的总热阻随着冷却水流量的增加明显减小,然而,随着冷却水流量的进一步增加,总热阻减小的幅度降低．加热功率较低时,三相闭式重力热管的总热阻随充液率的增加先减小,后增大;加热功率较高时,总热阻随充液率的增加呈现出波动的趋势．构建了操作参数对总热阻减小率影响的三维图．研究结果有助于促进三相闭式重力热管的工业应用．     

分离式热管蒸发段传热特性试验研究

通过对分离式热管水平及小倾角 ( 0°～ 5°)蒸发段传热特性的大比例尺模型的试验研究 ,获得了其壁温特性及换热规律 ,探讨了热流密度、工作温度、倾角及充液率等因素对传热特性的影响 .结果表明 ,与蒸发段垂直布置的分离式热管相比 ,水平及小倾角热管的换热系数较小 .特别是当热流密度大于 2 0kW /m2 时 ,蒸发管上下管壁温差增大 ,沿管长方向上管壁温度的波动较大 ,使上壁的换热系数降低 ,局部烧干热负荷过早出现 ,使热管的工作范围减小 .此外 ,还得出了水平蒸发管平均换热系数的无量纲准则关系式 .     

玻璃-水/ZGM热虹吸管传热性能研究

文章介绍了热管的工作原理与热管传热的基本特性,对影响热虹吸管的传热性能要素进行了分析,设计了一套热虹吸管传热研究的实验装置,确定了热虹吸管的最佳充液率。分别在热虹吸管内部的蒸发段、绝热段及冷凝段处各选取一点,测量3点的温度随时间的变化情况,绘制温度-时间曲线,比较玻璃-水热虹吸管与玻璃-ZGM热虹吸管的传热效果,实验结果较好地验证了理论分析。     

基于空调能量回收的平板热管传热性能

为了开发一种用于空调系统排风能量回收的热管式换热器,设计一种单面槽道板式脉动热管并对其传热性能进行实验研究,分析在空气强制对流冷却条件下冷热段比例、工质、充液率、倾角对其热性能的影响。研究结果表明:热管冷热段轴向长度比例为6:4时,导热性能最好;丙酮工质时的热管传热性能优于水工质的热管传热性能;倾角对其传热性能的影响不大;该热管采用丙酮工质、充液率为20%时具有最高的传热性能及最低的启动温度,适于空调系统排风的能量回收。     

热管刀具的设计及散热性能测试

为设计结构合理的热管刀具,研制了热管性能测试系统,模拟热管在车刀内的工作条件,通过正交试验优化热管使用参数.在此基础上,分别设计了嵌入式、侧压式和槽嵌式3种不同热管植入形式的热管刀具,并进行干车削45#钢实验,以量化评估这几种热管刀具的散热性能.对热管的传热测试结果表明:圆热管和扁热管在受热段长度18 mm、冷却段长度20mm、循环冷却水温度75℃、热管弯曲5°时的传热效果最优.对这几种热管刀具的切削量热实验表明:嵌入式热管刀具中的热管传热效率最高,槽嵌式的次之,侧压式的最弱.     

分离式热管蒸发段传热特性的试验研究

通过对分离式热管水平及小倾角蒸发段传热特性的大比例尺模型进行试验研究 ,获得了其壁温特性及换热规律 ,探讨了热流密度、工作温度、倾角及充液率等因素对传热特性的影响 .结果表明 ,与蒸发段垂直布置的分离式热管相比 ,水平及小倾角热管的换热系数较小 .当热流密度大于 2 0ｋＷ /ｍ2 时 ,蒸发管上下管壁的温差增大 ,沿管长方向上管壁温度的波动较大 ,使得上管壁的换热系数降低 ,局部烧干热负荷过早出现 ,使得热管的工作范围减小 .此外 ,还得出了水平蒸发管平均换热系数的无量纲准则关系式 .分离式热管蒸发段传热特性的试验研究@王建伟$西…     

热虹吸管相变传热行为CFD模拟

基于VOF模型和改进的相变模型对热虹吸管稳态相变传热过程进行CFD模拟,根据温度分布实验数据和可视化实验进行验证,并分析充液率对热管蒸发-冷凝传热行为的影响。研究结果表明:CFD模型能够较准确地描述热管工质的蒸发和冷凝过程,模拟得到热管各段均温的最大偏差为10.2 K,相对误差2.9%,采用改进的相变模型,温度分布模拟值与实验值一致性更好;模拟得到蒸发段工质流型转变过程与可视化实验定性相符;热管冷凝段以膜状冷凝传热为主,充液率的改变对其影响不大,充液率主要影响蒸发段的传热行为,进而影响热管的传热性能。该工作有助于对热管运行机理的理解,并为其CFD模拟提供指导。     

平板热管用于笔记本电脑散热的研究

提出了一种笔记本电脑散热用新型平板热管,其具有散热效率高、力学强度高、重量轻、成本低、工艺简单等优点．在自然对流冷却条件下,对平板热管和相同尺寸的实心铝板的传热性能进行了实验研究．分析了平板热管的启动特性、均温特性以及加热功率、倾角对其传热性能的影响．实验结果表明,与实心铝板相比平板热管的传热性能更优．当加热功率为17w时,平板热管散热器的总热阻为1．72℃／w,冷凝面的最高温度达到49．7℃,而热源温度为55．3℃,可以满足目前上网笔记本电脑冷却的要求．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.