基于多物理场计算的微波加热均匀性研究

针对微波加热液体过程中存在温度分布不均匀的问题,提出利用锚式搅拌桨对被加热液体进行搅拌的办法。通过多物理场耦合计算对微波加热静止的去离子水和加热过程中用锚式搅拌桨以不同转速搅拌去离子水的过程进行仿真,研究了搅拌对去离子水温度分布和变异系数的影响,并通过实验验证。结果表明,与去离子水处于静止状态的加热效果相比,锚式搅拌桨的引入可以减小去离子水内部温差且随着搅拌桨转速提升其对加热均匀性改善效果更加明显。     

数值模拟微波加热化学反应过程的初步研究及热点和热失控现象讨论

通过数值模拟来研究微波加热化学反应这一非线性过程,重点讨论了温度场的时空变化及相关的热点、热失控现象．设被加热物体为无限长圆柱体,入射电磁波为平面波,于是导致了一个二维多物理场的耦合计算问题．计算中采用矩量法求解电磁场积分方程,采用半解析法求解热传导方程,并提出一种微波加热化学反应过程中反应物等效复介电常数的确定方法．对水和一假定的化学反应（A）的计算结果表明,微波加热过程中的热点现象广泛存在,其普遍规律是：当被加热物体半径较小时,电磁波的聚焦作用使物体内部某些地方出现最高温度;当半径增加到一定程度时,电磁波的趋肤效应开始逐渐明显,最高温度出现在物体表面附近,呈现出月牙形的高温区域．这和电磁波传播的基本物理规律相符．在半径值固定的条件下,水在加热过程中热点位置并无变化,而反应A在少数半径值下则有热点的移动．计算研究还发现,无论是水还是反应A,在半径值较小时,热失控现象易发生,即半径值微小的不同会使物体的最高温度有很大不同;相反,在半径值较大时,则热失控现象不明显．值得一提的是,水的最高温度随半径增大呈现震荡减小的趋势,而反应A则几乎是单调减小．这种差别是否只是偶然产生,还需要进一步做出研究．     

微波加热喷动流化床冶金反应器设计与分析

利用微波快速加热粉状冶金物料的特性,结合气-固相喷动流化床传热传质的优良特性,设计了一种新型的冶金反应器——微波加热喷动流化床,分析了微波加热喷动流化床的结构特点和操作参数。结果表明,微波加热搅拌喷动流化床是一种较常规喷动流化床更为有效的强化固相脱碳的反应器;采用微波加热搅拌喷动流化床,把微波加热场、微波电磁场与气-固相搅拌喷动流化场有机地结合起来,可以改善传统流态化固相脱碳的动力学条件。该方案是一种具有应用价值的新技术和新工艺。     

沥青路面现场微波加热再生模型与实验

为了求解微波加热再生沥青混合料内的温度分布,研究了由于沥青混合料介电常数和比热容是温变参数,从而导致电磁场分布和吸收微波功率的非线性变化.建立了电磁场控制方程和热传递方程耦合的二维非线性热电耦合模型,提出了按微波周期为时间步长交替迭代求解该非线性模型的求解方法.使用了工作频率为2.45 GHz的微波系统,通过连续或间歇辐射加热方式,对不同体积的沥青混合料进行了加热实验.实验结果证实了微波加热再生通过辐射热传递能实现瞬间体积加热,具有快速、加热均匀、保证质量和无污染等特点.     

龙眼微波干燥的试验研究

为探讨微波干燥龙眼新技术,采用微波干燥试验装置和自行开发的计算机在线测试系统,进行了不同加热、间歇时间组合条件下的龙眼定功率微波干燥试验．结果表明：龙眼微波干燥过程可分为加速、恒速和降速干燥三个阶段,物料失水过程大部分处于恒速阶段,在2．7～5h内可将龙眼鲜果干燥至含水率20％(w.b．)以下,并获得满意的干燥质量．微波加热时间对干燥速度影响最大,间歇时间的影响受制于加热时间．在干燥后期应缩短加热时间以控制物料温升,避免干燥过度．以试验数据回归的数学方程可用于描述二段式龙眼微波间歇干燥过程．     

沥青路面再生机微波加热机理及数值模拟

针对开口微波场中沥青混凝土路面微波加热机理的探讨，从麦克斯韦波动方程、热力学微分方程出发，建立了开口微波场中微波透射沥青混凝土路面材料时的三维有源非稳态加热模型．利用热力学第一边界条件，选用时域差分法求解耦合的麦克斯韦波动方程及热力学偏微分方程组，得到了各种加热条件下沥青混凝土路面材料中的温度场．实验发现，数值计算的结果与实验结果相当吻合，验证了沥青混凝土路面三维有源非稳态微波加热模型的正确性，为开发可用于沥青混凝土路面再生等大尺寸复合电介质微波加热设备提供了理论基础、设计方法和实验依据．     

微波场中锰矿粉碳热还原反应研究

采用微波加热和常规加热对锰矿粉的碳热还原反应进行了研究.利用热重分析仪研究温度、粒度和碳氧原子摩尔数比等因素对微波场中锰矿粉碳热还原反应速率的影响,并通过拟合得到碳热还原反应过程动力学方程,进而得到微波加热相对于常规加热碳热还原的速率增加因子Q.实验结果表明:在微波加热时,随着碳氧原子摩尔数比的升高,物料升温速率随之提高;同时,反应前期升温速率较大,随着反应的进行,升温速率逐渐降低.提高碳氧原子摩尔数比和温度,微波加热碳热还原反应速率加快.减小粒度可以提高反应速率,但当粒度减小到150目时,进一步减小粒度后,反应速率不会有明显的提高.相同的温度和保温时间下,微波加热失重率远大于常规加热,微波加热的促进作用在低温和低温反应后期更为显著.     

微波辅助生物柴油生产的多物理场耦合计算研究

多物理场耦合计算对于优化微波加热化学反应体系的生产工艺,避免热点和热失控带来的安全问题起到极其重要的作用。因此,本文首先将微波辅助生物柴油生产涉及到的电磁场方程、热传导方程和化学反应动力学方程进行相互耦合计算,然后依次分析微波功率、醇油摩尔比、反应温度、催化剂用量对生物柴油产率的影响,最终得到制备生物柴油的最优条件并对该条件下的电磁场和温度场分布进行分析。结果表明,在最优条件下,生物柴油产率高、温度分布均匀且无明显热点产生。     

浅议微波热再生养护设备的现状与发展

随着加热技术在沥青路面再生养护中的应用受到重视,微波加热再生养护设备的研究与开发成为热点。本文介绍了微波加热的工作原理及再生养护设备的基本结构,简述了沥青路面养护车的使用方法,并指明了微波加热养护技术的发展方向。     

微波多模腔金属边界移动对加热的影响研究

微波加热作为一种新型、高效的加热方法,在化学催化及材料处理等方面有着巨大的优势,但是微波加热的非均匀性限制了其在化工等行业中的大规模应用.本文设计了一种可移动金属壁的微波加热多模腔.在加热过程中,通过单向移动微波多模腔的金属壁,实现腔体内电场分布的不断改变,从而达到提高加热均匀性的目的.在仿真计算中,通过使用移动网格方法实现了整个加热过程的模拟计算.通过与离散位置的电场值和端口反射系数比较,验证了计算方法的准确性.通过比较被加热物质的温度变异系数(COV),可以看出移动金属壁的微波多模腔的加热均匀性相对于固定尺寸的多模腔的提高了近18%~38%.同时,本文分析了不同金属壁移动方式对加热效果的影响,提出可根据材料的属性和要求,计算选择理想的金属壁移动方式,获得更优的处理结果.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to