厚壁筒内裂纹深度与动态应力强度因子的关系

根据有限元法的基本理论，采用了求位移的方法，分别求解了具有５种裂纹深度的静止边裂纹的厚壁圆筒在同种内载荷作用下的静态应力强度因子，设计了合理的计算动态应力强度因子的方案，并分别计算了５种裂纹深度下厚壁筒在２种载荷作用下的动态应力强度因子，从而得到一些动态应力强度因子随裂纹深时间变化的规律。     

压电功能梯度材料层反平面裂纹瞬态问题的研究

研究了压电功能梯度材料层中平行于边界的动态反平面裂纹问题．数值方法为采用积分变换和位错函数法将问题简化为Cauchy奇异积分方程，最后给出数值结果，讨论了载荷耦合参数、材料分布形式和裂纹位置等因素对断裂行为的影响．结果发现，载荷耦合参数对规一化应力强度因子的影响比对规一化电位移强度因子的影响大，而电载荷的加载方向将决定动态应力强度因子在不同阶段的行为．此外，电载荷的存在总是促进裂纹扩展，但裂纹在负的电载荷作用下比在正的电载荷作用下更易扩展．     

功能梯度材料板断裂分析

为深入理解功能梯度材料的断裂行为,研究了机械载荷下任意机械属性功能梯度材料板裂纹尖端特性,根据叠加方法,把应力场转化为裂纹表面载荷,采用基于非均匀单元的有限元方法计算并分析了机械载荷下功能梯度板裂纹尖端特性,针对含有中心裂纹功能梯度材料板,考察了应力强度因子的变化规律.研究结果表明,功能梯度材料结构的几何参数及材料属性对裂纹尖端无量纲应力强度因子的变化规律具有显著影响.     

不同角度裂纹缺陷对材料动态断裂行为的影响

采用新型数字激光动态焦散线试验系统,对含相互垂直和相互共线两种裂纹缺陷介质在冲击载荷作用下的动态断裂行为进行了研究。结果表明:在动态冲击载荷的作用下,边裂纹缺陷处应力集中程度远大于试件的内部裂纹缺陷处应力集中程度;当裂纹从垂直内部裂纹缺陷的端部再次起裂时,表现为Ⅰ/Ⅱ复合型断裂;起裂后,裂纹的断裂模式很快由Ⅰ/Ⅱ复合型向Ⅰ型转化;而对于内部共线裂纹缺陷而言,裂纹的起裂和扩展始终表现为Ⅰ型断裂形式。当内部裂纹缺陷垂直于边裂纹时,内部垂直裂纹缺陷对边裂纹扩展的裂纹尖端的应力强度因子和裂纹扩展速度均有抑制作用;且当裂纹再次从内部垂直裂纹缺陷处起裂后,裂纹的扩展速度和应力强度因子也较共线裂纹缺陷时的高;裂纹扩展速度与裂纹尖端的动态应力强度因子呈正相关性。     

多裂纹相互作用下断裂行为的边界元分析

基于边界元法,数值计算含多裂纹有限板在拉伸载荷下的断裂参数。利用裂纹面边界单元节点的张开位移,并结合线性拟合外推的方法计算应力强度因子。综合考虑计算精度和计算效率,讨论并选定合适的边界单元划分密度和类型。按照最大周向应力准则,通过断裂参数等效应力强度因子和扩展方向,分析裂纹I和II型复合断裂行为。裂纹间的相互作用会抑制或增强断裂行为,通过多个算例考查多裂纹的角度、长度、分布位置和间距等因素对抑制和增强作用的影响。     

工字型截面梁角裂纹的应力强度因子分析

工字型梁是工程中最常见的结构之一,其中任何裂纹都将成为结构断裂失效的隐患.带有裂纹的工字型梁是典型的三维有限边界问题,用经典方法求解其裂纹的应力强度因子通常相当困难.采用三维20节点等参元,应用ANSYS大型工程有限元计算软件,对工字型梁4个不同裂纹开裂位置的角裂纹进行应力强度因子计算分析,给出了裂纹长度变化下的应力强度因子变化规律、趋势和曲线,总结了工字梁结构中结构参数对结构应力强度因子的影响规律,该计算结果可作为同类结构损伤容限设计的参考.     

冲击载荷下无限长条损伤材料反平面裂纹问题研究

为了研究冲击载荷下小范围损伤时材料的裂纹问题，建立了无限长条含损伤材料的反平面有限长裂纹的力学模型．从宏观唯象角度，采用Lemaitre在应变等效假设基础上建立的损伤本构方程，通过积分变换-对偶积分方程方法，获得了裂纹尖端动态应力场．动态应力强度因子的计算结果显示，在小范围损伤的情况下，随着损伤的增加，动态应力强度因子的幅值降低，反映了小范围损伤时损伤对裂纹扩展的屏蔽作用．     

断裂参量在ANSYS中的计算分析

介绍了断裂参量在ANSYS中的计算方法，并通过计算分析得到了裂纹走向裂纹长度对应强度因子和j积分值的影响，为复杂裂纹在复杂载荷下的断裂判据的计算提供了有效的方法。     

陶瓷三点弯曲切口梁断裂实验与承载力分析

为探讨带切口陶瓷试件的最大承载力计算方法,采用实验机对7种不同切口尺寸的粗瓷矩形截面梁试件和4种切口尺寸的细瓷试件进行了三点弯曲加载实验,得到了各个试件的载荷一加载点位移关系曲线,并由实验最大载荷值和预制裂纹尺寸计算了其应力强度因子。通过黏聚裂纹模型和双K断裂准则计算弯曲切口梁的承载力,再由恒定应力强度因子计算该结构的承载力,并分别与实验载荷作比较。结果表明,由黏聚裂纹理论和双K断裂准则得到的计算值与实验结果符合较好。     

飞机重要铆接角材的破损安全特性分析

本文用断裂力学和有限元方法分析了某机型零号框铆接角材的破损安全特性。通过计算角材裂纹尖端处应力强度因子,得到裂纹尖端的应力强度因子与裂纹长度、载荷的关系。裂纹越长,承受的裁荷越大,材料越容易断裂。载荷一裂纹长度曲线直观的给出了材料的安全区域。该结果有助于机务人员评估飞机的可靠性,增强飞行教员和学员对飞机的操纵性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…