CeO_2纳米球的制备及其降解甲基橙反应性能

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为铈源,采用水热合成法制备了Ce O2纳米球催化剂,利用N2吸附-脱附、X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜等技术对其进行了表征,并以甲基橙(MO)为模拟污染物评价了Ce O2纳米球的光催化性能,探讨了催化剂加入量、甲基橙初始浓度、p H值、H2O2的添加对Ce O2纳米球光催化性能的影响。结果表明,采用水热合成法制备了Ce O2纳米球光催化活性高于尿素共沉淀法制备的Ce O2纳米粒子;当甲基橙的初始浓度为10 mg/L,催化剂用量为1 g/L,p H值6.2,光照3 h后,甲基橙降解率为75%。     

碳掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及其性能表征

在室温下,以钛酸丁酯为钛源、葡萄糖为碳源,用醇解法制备了C掺杂TiO2.以活性艳红X-3B作为目标降解物,评价了不同焙烧温度、投加量和反应液初始pH值等因素对样品光催化性能的影响.利用紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG-DTG)、扫描电镜(SEM-EDS)等手段对样品进行理化性能表征.结果表明,C-TiO2具有典型的锐钛矿相结构,对活性艳红X-3B具有良好的可见光降解效果.在催化剂煅烧温度500℃、投加量1.5 g.L-1、pH值7~9、可见光光照2 h的条件下,对质量浓度为100 mg.L-1的活性艳红X-3B的脱色率可达70%以上.     

类光-芬顿体系PW_(11)O_(39)Fe(Ⅲ)(H_2O)~(4-)/H_2O_2可见光催化降解罗丹明B

以Keggin型铁取代杂多阴离子PW11O39Fe(Ⅲ)(H_2O)4-(PW11Fe)为可见光活性组分构建了一个类光-芬顿体系(PW11Fe/H2O2),并用于模型污染物罗丹明B(Rh B)的可见光催化降解,同时考察了H2O2浓度、PW11Fe浓度、Rh B初始浓度及溶液p H值对Rh B可见光催化降解速率的影响,讨论了Rh B光催化降解的动力学性质。实验结果表明,当溶液p H=4.5时,由0.6 mmol·L-1PW11Fe和4 mmol·L-1H2O2构成的体系对Rh B的光催化降解效果最佳,0.01 mmol·L-1的Rh B在250 W金卤灯照射下反应60 min,其降解率达到100%,反应240 min,总有机碳(TOC)去除率约48%。羟基自由基猝灭和电子顺磁共振(EPR)实验表明,PW11Fe/H2O2体系在可见光照射下产生羟基自由基,从而导致Rh B的快速降解,降解反应的表观速率常数k为(6.2±2)×10-2mmol·L-1·min-1。     

硫掺杂TiO2光催化处理模拟废水Cr( VI)和2-萘酚

采用自制的S/Ti O2作为光催化剂,在可见光下进行光催化降解2-萘酚和还原Cr(VI)的实验。考察了S/Ti O2投加量、2-萘酚初始浓度和p H值对2-萘酚降解光催化性能的影响及Cr(VI)~2-萘酚混合体系光催化反应的研究。结果表明:S/Ti O2投加量为2.0 g/L,2-萘酚溶液初始浓度18.75 mg/L,p H值为6~7时2-萘酚光催化降解效果最好;混合体系中的2-萘酚的降解率及Cr(VI)还原率均较相应的单一体系高,Cr(VI)的还原与2-萘酚的氧化之间产生了协同效应。Cr(VI)和2-萘酚的光催化反应均为拟一级反应动力学。     

有机膨润土负载纳米铁类Fenton法去除水中2,4-二氯酚

利用十六烷基三甲基铵盐改性的膨润土(DK1),采用液相还原法制备DK1负载纳米零价铁(n ZVI/DK1),并结合类Fenton法研究水溶液中的2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)的去除.分别考察了DK1吸附,n ZVI/DK1吸附还原,n ZVI/H2O2类Fenton氧化,n ZVI/DK1/H2O2类Fenton氧化四种方法对水溶液中2,4-DCP的去除效果,同时探讨了不同因素如初始p H值、H2O2浓度、n ZVI/DK1投加量、2,4-DCP初始质量浓度对2,4-DCP去除的影响.结果表明:DK1,n ZVI/DK1,n ZVI/H2O2,n ZVI/DK1/H2O2对2,4-DCP的去除率分别为29.0%,45.7%,20.2%,71.1%.深入研究不同因素对2,4-DCP去除效果影响的结果发现,p H值、H2O2浓度控制着Fe0在Fenton中活性以及催化性,从而显著影响着2,4-DCP的降解率.在p H 3.0,H2O2浓度为10 mmol·L-1,n ZVI/DK1投加量质量浓度为0.5 g·L-1,2,4-DCP初始质量浓度50mg·L-1时,2,4-DCP去除率达到93.4%.溶液COD去除率高达78.6%,进一步证明n ZVI/DK1在类Fenton法中具有吸附和降解性能.     

PW/MCM-41光催化降解亚甲基蓝溶液研究

制备并表征了介孔分子筛MCM-41负载杂多酸H3PW12O40(PW)光催化剂.可见光照射下对模拟染料废水亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液进行了光催化降解实验,考察了影响催化降解的主要因素.结果表明:催化剂加入量为3.0g·L-1,MB初始浓度为10mg·L-1,pH=5时,在可见光照射下,亚甲基蓝溶液降解率最高可达92.57%.     

TiO2光催化氧化降解偶氮染料

研究了催化剂,光源、溶液初始浓度、溶液初始pH值等因素对甲基橙光催化氧化降解反应的影响.实验结果表明,最佳实验条件为:以灼烧的TiO2为催化剂,催化剂的投加量为0.8g.L-1,采用浸没式紫外灯作光源,甲基橙初始浓度为20mg·L-1,溶液初始pH=3.该实验条件下,甲基橙一小时脱色率可达81.3%.该研究可为偶氮染料降解提供新的思路.     

响应面法优化NaClO_2/UV降解藏红T及动力学研究

采用NaClO_2/UV降解藏红T染料废水,研究染料初始质量浓度、p H、NaClO_2投加量、UV照射时间对藏红T脱色率的影响及降解过程的动力学,应用响应曲面法优化得出最佳条件.通过紫外可见光谱及红外光谱分析,考察藏红T染料的矿化程度.结果表明,NaClO_2/UV能够有效降解藏红T,降解过程符合一级动力学,单个因素对藏红T降解效果的影响顺序为:p HUV照射时间初始质量浓度NaClO_2投加量.当p H为4.45、初始质量浓度为44.02 mg·L-1、NaClO_2投加量为136.54 mg·L-1、UV照射时间为19.40 min时,藏红T的脱色率达到97.31%.     

钐掺杂二氧化钛纳米管光催化降解孔雀石绿废水

采用阳极氧化法制备板式钐掺杂二氧化钛纳米管阵列催化剂(Sm-TiO2),并以孔雀石绿废水为降解对象,在模拟可见光照射条件下考察钐掺杂浓度、钛板煅烧温度、废水浓度等对孔雀石绿废水降解性能的影响.结果表明,当钐掺杂浓度为0.001 8mol·L-1、钛板煅烧温度选择450℃、废水的初始质量浓度为10mg·L-1时,Sm-TiO2催化剂的光催化降解效率最高可达92.6%,表现出良好的光催化活性和稳定性.     

Fenton试剂处理染料废水的试验

采用Fenton试剂处理碱性紫染料废水,考察pH值、H2O2和Fe2 投加量、反应温度等对脱色效果的影响.实验结果表明,当碱性紫的初始浓度为50 mg.L-1,反应温度为25℃,pH值为3.0,H2O2投加量为0.5Qth,n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2 )为10∶1的条件下,脱色率可达98%以上.在相同条件下,Fenton试剂对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝染料废水均取得满意的处理效果.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.