Preparation of rAAV/hFⅨ by HSV/AAV hybrid helper virusand evaluation of its safety

Hemophilia B is a hemorrhagic disease resulting from Factor Ⅸ gene (hFⅨ) mutation as an X-linked recessive inherited trait. The incidence of this disease is 1 in 30000. Clinical treatments depend mainly upon blood transfusions or administration of prothrombin complex so that patients are at the risk of infections with the HIV and hepatitis viruses. Gene therapy offers an attractive alternative in the treatment of hemophilia B by eliminating those risks. In 1991, our lab conducted clinica…     

Generation of a recombinant herpes simplex virus which can provide packaging function for recombinant adeno-associated

The generation of a recombinant HSV (rHSV) that can provide packaging function for rAAV production is described. A set of cosmids including cos48, cos28, cos6, cos14 and cos56, which represents the HSV-1 genome was used for generation of this rHSV. Rep and cap genes of AAV-2 were inserted into Xba Ⅰ site of UL2 gene on cos6, generating cos6-rcΔUL2. After being digested with Pac Ⅰ , cos6-rcΔUL2 and the other 4 cosmids were cotrans-fected into BHK-21 cells. The recombinant virus HSV1-rc/ΔUL2 carrying rep and cap genes was generated due to the homologous recombination of the 5 cosmids. The results showed that the existence of rep and cap genes on this rHSV was stable from passage to passage and the rHSV could support the packaging of rAAV either in cells transiently transfected with AAV vector or in stable cell line harboring AAV vector. Further modification of this rHSV and optimization of conditions involved in rAAV preparation may lead to a large-scale production of rAAV in the near future.     

宿主细胞DNA损伤反应与重组腺相关病毒载体基因表达

文中主要讨论细胞DNA修复机制与重组腺相关病毒(recombinant adeno-associated virus,rAAV)载体的相互关系,探讨通过调节宿主细胞DNA修复机制,提高rAAV载体表达及基因打靶效率的方法,进而提高rAAV载体基因表达的可能性.     

Generation of a recombinant herpes simplex virus which can provide packaging function for recombinant adeno-associated virus

The generation of a recombinant HSV (rHSV) that can provide packaging function for rAAV production is described. A set of cosmids including cos48, cos28, cos6, cosl4 and cos56, which represents the HSV-1 genome was used for generation of this rHSV.Rep andcap genes of AAV-2 were inserted intoXba I site ofUL2 gene on cod, generating cos6rcΔUL2. After being digested withPac I, cos6-rcΔUL2 and the other 4 cosmids were cotransfected into BHK-21 cells. The recombinant virus HSV1-rc/ΔUL2 carryingrep andcap genes was generated due to the homologous recombination of the 5 cosmids. The results showed that the existence ofrep andcap genes on this rHSV was stable from passage to passage and the rHSV could support the packaging of rAAV either in cells transiently transfected with AAV vector or in stable cell line harboring AAV vector. Further modification of this rHSV and optimization of conditions involved in rAAV preparation may lead to a large-scale production of rAAV in the near future.     

重组腺相关病毒基因药物三种滴度的比较与分析

采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)、实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(Q-PCR)和转导方法对重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)的衣壳滴度、基因组滴度、转导滴度进行定量,并比较衣壳滴度/基因组滴度(P/GC)和基因组滴度/转导滴度(GC/TU).实验结果表明:3批rAAV的平均衣壳滴度为3.65×10¹³ P·mL^-1,平均基因组滴度为8.67×10¹¹ GC·mL^-1,平均转导滴度为9.85×10⁹ TU·mL^-1,P/GC平均值为41.70,GC/TU平均值为88.20,P/GC和GC/TU平均值接近于AAV2标准品,说明文中方法的制备工艺成熟、稳定,制备的rAAV感染活性较高.     

靶向TTF-1的siRNA腺相关病毒载体组装验证

为了解决靶向TTF-1的siRNA导入肺腺癌细胞的问题,设计了3条靶向NCI-H1975细胞TTF-1基因的siRNA,并将其分别构建到腺相关病毒上.在293细胞中装配病毒,收获病毒原初液后进行超滤浓缩、层析柱纯化,测定病毒滴度.重组病毒感染肺腺癌细胞系NCI-H1975,通过Western-Blot实验检测siRNA效果,利用凋亡实验验证细胞生物学效应.Western-Blot实验测得siRNA有较好的干扰效果,凋亡实验测得肺腺癌细胞NCI-H1975产生了凋亡,从而证明具有感染性的靶向TTF-1的siRNA腺相关病毒载体组装成功.     

Adeno-associated virus-mediated integration and expression of human P-globin gene with the core fragment of locus control region in erythroid cells

To improve the integration stability and expression of the transferred human p-globin gene, the two recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors containing the human [3-globin gene with a single or multiple DNase I hypersensitive site (HS) core fragment of the LCR were constructed. These recombinants were respectively introduced into MEL cells via AAV-mediated gene transfer to investigate their integration and expression. The results suggested that following AAV vector-mediated gene transfer, the human [3-globin gene with the multiple HS core fragment of the LCR could steadily integrate into MEL cells and confer an expression level comparable with endogenous mouse a-globin gene.     

Scalable manufacturing methodologies for improving adeno-associated virus-based pharmaprojects

Adeno-associated virus （AAV） is a promising viral vector and meets most requirements of being a safe biological agent. However, the commercialization of AAV has been hampered due to the limitation of large-scale production, and only a small number of clinical trials have been launched. In recent years, progresses in scalable manufacturing of AAV have dramatically improved AAV- based clinical researches, and have assisted the develop- ment of investigational drug products. An AAVl-based investigational product, Glybera, has been formally approved by European Commission for the treatment of lipoprotein lipase deficiency （LPLD）. Glybera was the first gene therapy product in the western world, and the pro- duction process involves a scalable baculovirus-insect cell system. However, many problems still need to be solved to improve the productivity and quality of AAV. The present review gives critical insights into current state-of-the-art scalable producing methodologies of AAV, such as bacu-lovirus-insect cell system, HSV complementation system, and Ad complementation system, along with a discussion on the problems, solutions, and developmental trends.Novel AAV-producing platforms in Saccharomyces cere- visiae and vaccinia virus complementation system will also be discussed.     

氧化应激促进重组腺相关病毒2型体外转导分析

为揭示氧化应激在重组腺相关病毒2型(rAAV2)转导中的作用,以过氧化氢(H₂O₂)和铁过载(Fe-NTA)氧化应激为模型,在293T,LO-2,Hela,A549细胞中,从转基因表达量、阳性细胞数、基因组数和病毒衣壳分布等方面研究氧化应激对rAAV2转导的影响.实验结果表明:H₂O₂和Fe-NTA能促进rAAV2转导,转基因表达量、阳性细胞数、基因组数与对照组相比的差异具有显著的统计学意义;细胞转导12 h后,氧化应激组核周围衣壳分布数目显著比对照组多,氧化应激能够促使rAAV2长时间聚集在细胞核周围;当氧化应激产生的活性氧(ROS)被N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(NAC)消除,则氧化应激促rAAV2转导作用消失,说明氧化应激通过ROS发挥促进rAAV2转导作用.     

超滤法去除重组腺相关病毒中内毒素的应用

为探讨超滤法在重组腺相关病毒精制中的可行性,采用不同截留分子量的超滤管对重组腺相关病毒样品rAAV9-Kal进行超滤处理.利用鲎试剂盒和qPCR法定量检测截留液和滤过液中的内毒素和病毒含量,评价超滤技术对样品中内毒素的去除效果.结果表明:在乙二胺四乙酸二钠和脱氧胆酸钠的预处理下,30 kD的超滤管对样品的回收率及内毒素去除率分别为0.912 2,0.870 6.因此,在单一超滤条件下,30 kD的超滤管是重组腺相关病毒样品超滤纯化的最佳选择.     

A novel method for purification of recombinant adenoassociated virus vectors on a large scale

A novel method for recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) purification on large scale is described. The method involves three steps, including chloroform treatment, PEG/NaCl precipitation and chloroform extraction. The whole procedure can be performed in four hours. Using this purification method, we can reproducibly obtain, from 4×10⁹ of proviral cells cultured in roller bottles, purified rAAV-GFP stocks with titers of around 5×10¹³ particles/mL and purity greater than 95%. The infectious titers of the vector stocks were up to 2×10 TU/mL, thus particle-to-infectivity rate was about 25. Under an electronic microscope, most rAAV particles appeared full and a few were in intermediate form. Empty particles were rarely seen. The purified rAAV-GFP stocks have been successfully used in in vitro and in vivo transfection experiments. Therefore, this new method offers a simple, rapid and cost-effective way for large-scale rAAV purification.     

重组腺相关病毒质量控制的qPCR技术研究进展

综述实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)技术在重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)的基因组滴度测定中的应用成果,以及qPCR技术在rAAV质量控制过程中的应用,如感染滴度及rcAAV污染率的测定等.分析qPCR技术存在的适用范围窄、易产生系统性误差和易受rAAV杂质干扰等问题的原因,并探讨相关的解决策略.     

Preparation of a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector with a mutation of human factor Ⅸ in large scale and its expression in vitro and in vivo

A series of adeno-associated viral vectors containing a mutation of human factor Ⅸ (hFⅨR338A) with different regulation elements were constructed and used to transduce cell lines. The plasmids and the stable transduction cell clones with high expression level of hFⅨR338A were obtained by selecting and optimizing, and then, the recombinant adeno-associated viral vector with hFⅨR338A was prepared via novel rHSV/AAV hybrid virus packaging system on a large scale, which contained the capsid protein genes. A method for producing rAAV-hFⅨR338A viral stocks on a large scale and higher titer was established, which can be used for industrial purpose. The titer of rAAV-hFⅨR338A was more than 1.25×10¹² particle/mL, and then, a mammalian cell line, C2C12 and the factor Ⅸ knock-out mice were transfected with the rAAV-hFⅨR338A in vitro and in vivo. The results show that the high-level expression of rAAV-hFⅨR338A was achieved in cell line and hemophilia B mice. It reached at (2551.32±92.14) ng·(10⁶ cells)^-1·(24 h)^-1 in C2C12 cell in vitro and had a peak concentration of 463.28 ng/mL in mice treated with rAAV-hFⅨR338A, which was as high as the expression of rAAV-hFⅨ-wt (2565.76±64.36) ng·(10⁶ cells)^-1·(24 h)^-1 in C2C12 and 453.92 ng/mL in the mice treated with rAAV-hFⅨ-wt) in vitro and in vivo, there is no any difference between two groups, but the clotting activity of hFⅨR338A is about 2.46 times higher than that of hFⅨ-wt. It was first reported that a mutation of human factor Ⅸ was used into gene therapy research for hemophilia B, meanwhile, a novel packaging system, rAAV/HSV was used for preparation of rAAV-hFⅨR338A on a large scale, which laid the foundation of industrial production for applying rAAV viral stocks to gene therapy clinical trial for hemophilia B mediated with rAAV-hFⅨ.     

汉滩病毒囊膜糖蛋白g2基因重组腺病毒的构建与表达

获得汉滩病毒G2 基因 ,构建其重组腺病毒并在HEK2 93细胞中包装表达 ,为研究汉滩病毒基因疫苗提供了实验基础。设计引物采用PCR从含汉滩病毒 \|76 1 1 8株M基因的M5 6质粒扩增出糖蛋白G2 基因片段 ,并将其克隆入腺病毒载体Adeno XviralDNA ,筛选获得重组腺病毒DNA ,转染HEK2 93细胞 ,包装、扩增后得到汉滩病毒G2 基因重组腺病毒原种 ;并在感染细胞内初步表达 ,用ELISA检测表达产物。得到了含汉滩病毒G2 基因的重组腺病毒 ,其滴度约为 1 0 10 pfu/mL ,同时在感染的HEK2 93细胞中检测到汉滩病毒糖蛋白G2 的表达。含汉滩病毒糖蛋白G2 基因重组腺病毒的成功构建 ,为研究汉滩病毒基因疫苗提供了实验基础     

乙型肝炎病毒聚合酶基因在重组腺病毒系统中的表达

乙型肝炎病毒是一种重要的人类病原,乙肝病毒聚合酶在病毒的复制中具有关键作用．拼接了HBV56的聚合酶全长基因,利用重组腺病毒系统,在HEK293细胞中表达乙肝病毒聚合酶．通过一种半定量PCR方法,检测到所表达的蛋白具有逆转录酶活性．这一研究对深入认识该酶结构与功能的关系,研制抑制病毒复制的药物,有一定的意义．     

重组腺相关病毒的小量制备与体内体外感染研究

 重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)是近年来发展的较为成熟的一种病毒基因载体, 常用于过表达或者敲低等动物模型的建立与基因治疗等。本研究使用三质粒共转染的方法, 在HEK293细胞中包装出含绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因的rAAV, 通过一系列实验, 确定纯化方法为脱氧胆酸钠裂解, 高浓度NaCl去除杂蛋白, 最后通过肝素层析柱纯化, 经超滤管浓缩后其滴度可达10¹³ gene copys/mL以上。将纯化后的rAAV 感染HEK293 细胞, 通过实验确定使用感染复数为10⁶、感染3 d 的细胞能够表达出高水平的EGFP。将rAAV注射入大鼠中脑黑质致密部, 经过3周的感染发现, rAAV可以特异性地感染多巴胺能神经元, 表达出EGFP。通过以上实验, 建立了一个在实验室小量制备rAAV的方法, 且此方法制备的rAAV完全满足体内与体外实验的要求。     

通过载体表达siRNAs抑制禽流感病毒复制的研究

禽流感病毒是养禽业危害最严重的病原微生物之一。为探讨小干涉RNA(siRNA)对A型禽流感病毒复制的干扰作用,以H5亚型AIV PB2基因为靶序列,设计合成了4对编码siRNAs的DNA序列,将其克隆到psiRNA-hH1neo载体中,构建siRNAs表达载体,鉴定正确后将重组质粒转染MDCK细胞,采用G418筛选建立抗性细胞系,用血凝(HA)试验和real time RT-PCR试验检测抑制效果, 在细胞水平筛选出具有高效抑制AIV复制的2个靶位点PB2-1154、PB2-342、为AIV的基因功能研究,抗病毒药物的开发和转基因动物的研究奠定了基础。     

汉坦病毒CTL多表位重组腺病毒的构建及免疫学分析

目的：构建含汉坦病毒M基因（编码糖蛋白G1）和部分S基因（编码核蛋白主要抗原区段）以及S基因的多个 CTL表位的多种重组腺病毒表达载体,并对这些重组腺病毒的免疫学特性进行研究。方法：构建含目的基因的重组腺病毒载体,并对其表达产物进行鉴定。利用纯化后的重组腺病毒免疫BALB/C小鼠,通过多种免疫学方法检测其免疫反应。结果：成功表达出可被汉坦病毒核蛋白特异性单抗(mAb)及糖蛋白G1 的特异性单抗所识别的融合蛋白;重组的腺病毒可以有效刺激针对汉坦病毒NP及GP的免疫应答;同时结果表明在CTL多表位间加入间隔序列AAY的重组腺病毒免疫小鼠能产生更高的细胞免疫应答。结论： 构建的含CTL多表位的重组腺病毒可以有效的提高嵌合基因刺激细胞免疫应答的能力。间隔序列AAY对于各CTL表位的分隔有效地提高了重组腺病毒的免疫效果。     

不同血清型腺相关病毒在大鼠 DRG神经元转染效果的比较

摘要:目的 比较不同血清型腺相关病毒( AAV5、AAV6、AAV8 和 AAV9) 对背根神经节( DRG) 初级感觉神经元的转导效能。 方法 将 24 只雄性 SD 大鼠随机分为 8 组,分别通过 DRG 直接注射不同血清型腺相关病毒( AAV5、AAV6、AAV8 和 AAV9)载体,各组大鼠分别在转染后第 3 周和第 4 周取材,并在共聚焦显微镜下观测对大鼠 DRG初级感觉神经元的转染效果。 结果 组织切片的荧光结果显示,腺相关病毒各亚型的转染效果如下:转染 3 周,AAV9> AAV6> AAV8 > AAV5;转染 4 周,AAV9> AAV6> AAV8> AAV5。 其中,AAV9 载体对大鼠 DRG 神经元的转导效果较好。 结论 DRG 注射不同血清型腺相关病毒( AAV5、AAV6、AAV8 和 AAV9) 载体,AAV9 对 DRG 神经元的转导效能最佳。