初始组织对钒微合金化TRIP钢组织性能的影响

对一种低硅含磷和钒的TRIP钢进行热轧、冷轧及连续退火,研究不同热轧初始组织对组织特征与力学性能的影响.通过不同工艺得到两种不同的热轧初始组织:F+P钢;F+B钢.在相同的冷轧连续退火工艺条件下,初始组织为F+B钢相比较F+P钢,组织中含有较多体积分数的贝氏体和残余奥氏体组织,而且残余奥氏体尺寸更为细小,分布更为弥散,屈服强度和抗拉强度较高,但延伸率、n值和r值略低.初始组织为F+B钢的抗拉强度可达980MPa,强塑积为21 952MPa.%.     

薄板坯连铸连轧工艺制备TRIP钢的力学性能与组织

在实验室条件下模拟薄板坯连铸连轧工艺试制了C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢.拉伸实验表明,实验钢的抗拉强度为610MPa,屈服强度为430MPa,屈强比为0.70,总延伸率为28.4%.组织观察发现,试样组织为铁素体 贝氏体 残余奥氏体的三相组织,实验钢中残余奥氏体的平均含量为5.8%.     

超级贝氏体钢的热处理工艺及性能研究

本文对比研究了一步、二步等温贝氏体转变及贝氏体转变+碳分配热处理工艺对超级贝氏体钢微观组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,三种工艺处理后的试验钢组织主要为纳米级贝氏体铁素体及残余奥氏体,且与一步法相比,二步等温贝氏体转变及贝氏体转变+碳分配处理后的超级贝氏体钢组织更为细小,残余奥氏体的体积分数下降,力学性能显著提升,而贝氏体转变+碳分配处理工艺的热处理时间则相对较短。     

热轧态与回火态 AH80 DB 低碳贝氏体钢组织与冲击韧性

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对热轧态和回火态AH80DB低碳贝氏体钢的显微组织、马氏体/奥氏体( M/A)岛、第二相的析出行为以及晶界取向差、有效晶粒尺寸进行研究,揭示回火后低碳贝氏体钢冲击韧性得到改善的原因.结果表明：两种试样的组织均由板条状贝氏体、粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体组成,其中回火态试样中针状铁素体组织较多.热轧态钢中存在较大尺寸M/A岛且呈方向性分布,大角度晶界比例占17.33%,有效晶粒尺寸为3.57μm;而回火态钢中M/A岛的尺寸较小,大角度晶界比例增加3.43%,有效晶粒尺寸减小0.56μm.热轧态钢中析出相主要是( Nb,Ti) C,尺寸在50~150 nm之间,回火态试样中析出较多细小的球状( Nb,Ti) C析出相,尺寸在10 nm左右.     

热处理工艺对高碳贝氏体钢组织与力学性能的影响

借助OM、SEM、XRD等手段,对比研究了一步、两步等温贝氏体转变工艺及QPB(淬火+配分+贝氏体转变)工艺对高碳贝氏体钢(w(C)=0.79%)显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用一步等温贝氏体转变工艺处理试验钢时,当等温温度同为250℃,随着保温时间的延长,钢中贝氏体转变越充分,块状残余奥氏体尺寸降低,组织更为均匀细小;而在较低温度下(200℃)等温处理时,钢中残余奥氏体含量显著降低,贝氏体铁素体板条更细小,材料的强度和硬度提高,而塑性和韧性下降。两步等温贝氏体转变工艺处理(250℃×24 h+200℃×72 h)的试验钢中贝氏体铁素体板条平均尺寸约为82 nm,残余奥氏体体积分数为21.4%,获得了最佳的综合力学性能,抗拉强度达到2040 MPa,伸长率为12.5%,冲击韧性为21 J。QPB工艺提高了贝氏体转变速率,大大缩短了热处理时间,最终得到马氏体+贝氏体铁素体+残余奥氏体的组织,试验钢同时也获得了良好的强度和塑韧性。     

低合金高强度双相耐磨钢热处理工艺研究

采用光学显微镜、电子显微镜和万能力学试验机对热处理后的低合金高强度双相耐磨钢试样进行组织观察和力学性能测试.结果表明,水淬后的试样微观组织为贝氏体-马氏体双相组织;250 ℃回火后的试样微观组织为回火马氏体和贝氏体;450 ℃和600 ℃回火后的试样微观组织分别为回火马氏体和贝氏体.水淬250 ℃回火后的试样具有最佳强度和塑性配比,其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为1 491.4 MPa和1 264.6 MPa,HRC硬度为43,延伸率为9.42%.     

回火工艺对热轧高强贝氏体钢轨组织和力学性能的影响

本文研究了不同回火工艺条件下热轧态U25CrNi高强贝氏体钢轨的组织与力学性能变化。结果表明,试验钢热轧态和回火组织均由贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体构成。当回火条件为300℃×200min时,试验钢中部分残余奥氏体发生贝氏体相变,钢的各项力学性能变化不大;当回火温度升至400℃时,试验钢中残余奥氏体体积分数较大,碳化物析出量较少,内应力进一步释放,试验钢的延伸率和冲击吸收功达到最大值,同温度下延长回火时间至360min,钢中碳化物颗粒析出增多,延伸率和冲击性能明显降低;当回火温度为500℃时,试验钢中贝氏体铁素体明显粗化,并伴随大量碳化物颗粒析出,残余奥氏体大量分解,出现了回火脆性。综合考虑,U25CrNi热轧高强贝氏体钢轨的最佳回火工艺为400℃×200min。     

连续退火的无Si TRIP钢的组织和力学性能

在实验室用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机制备了一种无Si TRIP钢.利用拉伸试验机、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射以及热膨胀仪对其力学性能、微观组织和相变规律进行研究,在此基础上分析了贝氏体相变温度和时间对力学性能和残余奥氏体的影响.无Si TRIP钢呈现出良好的整体力学性能,抗拉强度分布在740～810 MPa,延伸率均在25%以上,最高可达32%以上;贝氏体等温温度为420℃时能获得最佳的综合力学性能,抗拉强度随贝氏体相变时间增加而下降,延伸率随之上升,而屈服强度没有显著变化.无Si TRIP制的铁素体晶粒大小约为3～4μm,比含Si TRIP钢铁素体晶粒细小;残余奥氏体的体积分数在8%～10%,比含Si TRIP钢低约3%;420℃保温300 s后贝氏体相变基本结束,而碳的扩散仍然在进行;无Si TRIP钢贝氏体相变速率比含Si TRIP钢快,贝氏体相变总量也更多.     

热镀锌工艺对无Si含P的TRIP钢力学性能影响

利用光学显微镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射和拉伸试验等方法,分析测试了热镀锌工艺对无Si含P的TRIP钢力学性能和微观组织的影响.结果表明:实验用钢可获得780 MPa以上的抗拉强度和24%以上的断后延伸率.在热镀锌工艺中,两相区加热温度和贝氏体等温温度对钢的力学性能影响较小,而贝氏体等温时间的影响最为显著.当贝氏体等温时间由20 s增加到60 s时,实验用钢的屈服强度上升了65 MPa,抗拉强度下降了45 MPa,延伸率大幅度增加,从23.01%增加到27.56%,出现最佳的综合力学性能.无Si含P热镀锌TRIP钢的微观组织由铁素体、贝氏体、残余奥氏体和马氏体组成,随着贝氏体等温时间的减少,钢中残余奥氏体含量和稳定性降低,相应地,马氏体含量明显增加,实验用钢从典型的TRIP钢力学特征慢慢转变为与双相钢相似的力学特征.     

两种贝氏体塑料模具钢的相变与残余奥氏体

将两种塑料模具钢FT600 和FT600mod 奥氏体化后, 以连续冷却或等温方式, 获得贝氏体组织. 随后分别在350, 580, 700 °C下进行回火, 研究了Si, Mn元素微调后贝氏体组织及残余奥氏体转变情况. 对两种贝氏体钢在不同热处理工艺下的宏观硬度、残余奥氏体含量、微观组织进行了表征及分析. 研究结果表明, 在FT600 钢的基础上降Si 增Mn 得到了FT600mod 钢, 其贝氏体转变后的残余奥氏体含量大幅降低; FT600 钢中的残余奥氏体在不同温度下回火, 其转变机制不同; FT600mod钢中的残余奥氏体含量较少, 组织稳定, 更适用于非调质工艺处理.     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a low-carbon quenching and partitioning steel after partial and full austenitization

In this work, low-carbon steel specimens were subjected to the quenching and partitioning process after being partially or fully austenitized to investigate their microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile tests, upper bainite or tempered martensite appears successively in the microstructure with increasing austenitization temperature or increasing partitioning time. In the partially austenitized specimens, the retained austenite grains are carbon-enriched twice during the heat treatment, which can significantly stabilize the phases at room temperature. Furthermore, after partial austenitization, the specimen exhibits excellent elongation, with a maximum elongation of 37.1%. By contrast, after full austenitization, the specimens exhibit good ultimate tensile strength and high yield strength. In the case of a specimen with a yield strength of 969 MPa, the maximum value of the ultimate tensile strength reaches 1222 MPa. During the partitioning process, carbon partitioning and carbon homogenization within austenite affect interface migration. In addition, the volume fraction and grain size of retained austenite observed in the final microstructure will also be affected.     

Influence of original microstructure on the transformation behavior and mechanical properties of ultra-high-strength TRIP-aided steel

The transformation behavior and tensile properties of an ultra-high-strength transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel (0.2C-2.0Si-1.8Mn) were investigated by different heat treatments for automobile applications. The results show that F-TRIP steel, a traditional TRIP steel containing as-cold-rolled ferrite and pearlite as the original microstructure, consists of equiaxed grains of intercritical ferrite surrounded by discrete particles of M/RA and B. In contrast, M-TRIP steel, a modified TRIP-aided steel with martensite as the original microstructure, containing full martensite as the original microstructure is comprised of lath-shaped grains of ferrite separated by lath-shaped martensite/retained austenite and bainite. Most of the austenite in F-TRIP steel is granular, while the austenite in M-TRIP steel is lath-shaped. The volume fraction of the retained austenite as well as its carbon content is lower in F-TRIP steel than in M-TRIP steel, and austenite grains in M-TRIP steel are much finer than those in F-TRIP steel. Therefore, M-TRIP steel was concluded to have a higher austenite stability, resulting in a lower transformation rate and consequently contributing to a higher elongation compared to F-TRIP steel. Work hardening behavior is also discussed for both types of steel.     

Research and development of 780 MPa cold rolling TRIP-aided steel

As an industry-university cooperative project, an experimental research was conducted to develop a new cold-rolled transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel with a tensile strength of 780 MPa and an elongation of 25% under the conditions that some processing parameters were preestablished according to the actual conditions of factory production lines. The optimal heat treatment conditions for obtaining excellent strength-ductility balance, specifically in intercritical annealing temperature and isothermal treatment temperature, were investigated by means of thermal simulation tests. Ultimately the desirable mechanical properties were attained successfully, and the microstructure and retained austenite stability were studied by optical microscopy (OM) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). It has been discovered that the sizes of retained austenite grains are generally proportional to the sizes of carbon-clear space (ferrite and bainite) around them, and there is marked selectivity in their transition sequences under stress-strain.     

新一代热轧TRIP钢的研究

对热轧后等温淬火的热轧Si-Mn TRIP钢进行了研究,通过对该钢的组织性能检测,讨论了其相变诱发塑性(TRIP)机制.结果表明:热轧Si-Mn TRIP钢中发生了残余奥氏体的应变诱导马氏体相变,表现出抗拉强度和总延伸率的良好配合.残余奥氏体的稳定性随等温保温时间的增加而增加,进一步增加等温时间则又使残余奥氏体稳定性降低.等温25 min时力学性能最佳,抗拉强度、总延伸率和强韧性平衡分别达到了774 MPa,33%和25 542 MPa%的最高值.     

Effect of lower bainite/martensite/retained austenite triplex microstructure on the mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel with quenching and partitioning process

We present a study concerning Fe–0.176C–1.31Si–1.58Mn–0.26Al–0.3Cr (wt%) steel subjected to a quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process. The results of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tensile tests demonstrate that the microstructures primarily consist of lath martensite, retained austenite, lower bainite (LB), and a small amount of tempered martensite; moreover, few twin austenite grains were observed. In the microstructure, three types of retained austenite with different sizes and morphologies were observed: blocky retained austenite (~300 nm in width), film-like retained austenite (80–120 nm in width), and ultra- fine film-like retained austenite (30–40 nm in width). Because of the effect of the retained austenite/martensite/LB triplex microstructure, the specimens prepared using different quenching temperatures exhibit high ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. Furthermore, the strength effect of LB can partially counteract the decreasing strength effect of martensite. The formation of LB substantially reduces the amount of retained austenite. Analyses of the retained austenite and the amount of blocky retained austenite indicated that the carbon content is critical to the total elongation of Q&P steel.     

等温温度和时间对超级贝氏体钢Fe-0.40C-2.2Mn-1.5Si相变和组织性能的影响

以超级贝氏体钢Fe-0.40C-2.2Mn-1.5Si为对象,通过热模拟试验、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析和拉伸试验等方法,研究等温转变温度和保温时间对试验钢的贝氏体相变、微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着等温转变温度的降低,钢的显微组织中贝氏体形貌从颗粒状贝氏体转变为板条状贝氏体,其强度逐渐提高,但伸长率和强塑积先增大后减小;随着保温时间的增加,钢的抗拉强度逐渐降低,而伸长率和强塑积逐渐增大,因此可通过适当延长相变时间来改善钢的综合力学性能;在350℃下保温90min时,试验钢显微组织中残余奥氏体体积分数最大,且具有最大强塑积。     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C--Mn--Mo--Cu--Nb--Ti--B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490～640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6～15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.     

控轧温度区间对含Nb热轧多相钢组织和性能的影响

以含Nb微合金化试验钢为研究对象,通过3个不同精轧温度区间的轧制+层流冷却、空冷、超快冷的TMCP工艺获得了含有铁素体、贝氏体、马氏体以及少量残余奥氏体的显微组织.分析了控轧温度区间对含Nb微合金化试验钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,在控冷工艺参数相近的情况下,随着精轧开轧温度和终轧温度的降低,试验钢的抗拉强度减小,屈服强度、延伸率和强塑积增大.其中采用850～800℃的温度区间精轧+层流冷却、空冷、超快冷的TMCP工艺时,试验钢的屈服强度、延伸率和强塑积分别达到了513MPa,35%和25235MPa.%的最大值.