锰对热轧态双相钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

用薄晶体透射电镜研究锰对热轧空冷后低碳Si—Mn双相钢的组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:钢中锰含量为1.79％时,显微组织中出现珠光体。拉伸工程应力—应变曲线有明显物理屈服延伸。钢中锰含量越少、珠光体量越多时,应力—应变曲线上屈服平台越长。锰含量大于2.09％时,轧态组织中不再出现非马氏体型转变产物珠光体。轧态组织中的马氏体岛区,由几个微区组成。这些微区分别为内孪晶马氏体区和位错板条马氏体区。     

薄带连铸取向硅钢的热轧孪生行为

薄带连铸流程下取向硅钢粗大λ晶粒(〈100〉//ND,normal direction)的“遗传”会导致磁性能恶化.为解决这一问题,针对取向硅钢的热轧孪生行为开展研究,结果表明:凝固组织粗大的取向硅钢在650℃热轧时可产生大量112〈111〉形变孪晶,这与具有高层错能的硅钢在较高温度下难以孪生变形的传统认知不同.热轧过程中复杂的应力状态降低了变形孪晶的取向依赖性,由于具有更高的储存能,孪晶界/孪晶界及孪晶界/晶界交叉点成为再结晶形核的优先位置,大大提高了常化过程中的再结晶率,受沿孪晶界应变分布及孪晶间距离的限制,沿孪晶界形核的再结晶晶粒通常呈“饼状”,最终形成以细小且取向漫散的再结晶晶粒为主的常化组织,消除了初始凝固组织中有害的粗大λ晶粒.     

不同温度变形量对AISI310S不锈钢组织和性能的影响

借助X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、硬度测试及微拉伸试验等方法,分析了AISI310S奥氏体不锈钢在不同温度大变形后的组织和性能。分析结果表明:在不同温度大变形后,奥氏体不锈钢组织在不同变形量下均未发生应变诱发马氏体相变。在变形量较小的情况下,微观组织以高密度位错和位错缠结为主;随着变形量的增大,微观组织以形变孪晶为主;当变形量增大至90%以后,奥氏体不锈钢晶粒尺寸细化至纳米量级,深冷轧制晶粒细化程度显著高于室温冷轧。深冷轧制态的屈服强度、拉抗强度和硬度也均高于室温冷轧态。随着变形量的增大,延伸率明显下降,拉伸断口形貌均从韧性断裂向准解理断裂转变。     

高能喷丸0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢自纳米化机理

为在OCr18Ni9Ti不锈钢棒材端面制备出纳米晶,采用高能喷丸(HESP)对不锈钢棒材的端面进行表面自纳米化处理.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪对喷丸端塑性变形层不同深度的组织进行表征,并对OCrl8Ni9Ti不锈钢在高能喷丸过程中的晶粒细化机理进行讨论.结果表明:在喷丸端大约70 μm深度内形成纳米组织,其中喷丸表面的晶粒尺寸达到52 nm左右.晶粒细化机理为:在小应变作用下主要是孪生变形把粗大晶粒细化成孪晶薄片,在大应变作用下,孪晶交叉把孪晶片细化成纳米晶粒,同时在孪晶交叉处产生应变诱导马氏体相变.     

形变温度对高锰TRIP/TWIP钢拉伸性能和组织的影响

研究合金成分为18Mn-0.15C-3Si-3Al的高锰TRIP/TWIP钢(18Mn钢)在-40～200℃范围内的拉伸变形行为,分析形变温度对其拉伸性能、相组成和显微组织的影响.采用EBSD取向成像分析方法着重研究了(111)取向的奥氏体晶粒在拉伸过程中的相组成变化.结果表明,随着形变温度的升高,18Mn钢的抗拉强度和延伸率大体上呈降低趋势,TRIP效应很快消失,形变孪晶和位错滑移取代马氏体相变成为主要的形变机制,即奥氏体晶粒内形变机制的变化为:α＇-M相变→ε-M相变→形变孪晶→位错滑移.18Mn钢中较硬的铁素体在形变过程中能提高材料的加工硬化率,但同时也会引起低温脆性.     

Fe-20Mn-2.6Al-2.6Si钢拉伸变形机理研究

采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜研究了Fe-20Mn-2.6Al-2.6Si TRIP/TWIP钢在不同变形量下的微观组织变化.结果表明:在应变初期,主要是形成层错和位错;随应变的增大,γ奥氏体相逐渐减少,ε马氏体相和α马氏体相增多;在断裂阶段,主要组成相为α马氏体,即Fe-20Mn-2.6Al-2.6Si钢在拉伸变形过程中主要发生γ→ε→α或γ→α相变诱导塑性变形.金相组织表明:该钢变形量达到6.5%时,开始出现许多平直的条纹(通常称为形变孪晶);但高分辨透射电镜研究表明:不同程度变形后的微观组织都难以观察到形变孪晶,而那些金相组织和低倍透射电镜照片上的平直条纹往往是ε马氏体相,这进一步证实该钢的变形机制主要是TRIP效应.     

用于智能材料与结构的NiTi丝的电阻特性研究

研究了拉伸过程中,ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金丝的应变与电阻的关系．结果表明,对于初始组织为马氏体的ＮｉＴｉ丝,在拉伸过程中,电阻与应变之间成线性关系．对于初始组织为奥氏体或奥氏马氏体两者混合的ＮｉＴｉ丝,当发生应力诱发马氏体相变后,曲线的斜率降低,相变前后电阻－应变保持线性关系．对于初始组织含有Ｒ相组织的ＮｉＴｉ丝,在拉伸过程中,电阻的变化规律较为复杂,取决于初始组织中各相的比例和温度．在卸载阶段,当没有相变过程发生时,电阻－应变之间呈线性关系;当有相变过程发生时,电阻－应变曲线的斜率会发生改变．     

30Mn20Al3无磁钢加工硬化行为和组织变化

研究了30Mn20Al3无磁钢冷轧板经1 000和800℃固溶处理10 min后的拉伸变形加工硬化行为和组织结构变化.结果表明:该钢的加工硬化速率在不同变形阶段随真应变的变化呈现不同的规律,加工硬化指数随真应变增加而增加.OM和TEM观察显示,变形量小时,滑移为主要变形机制;变形量增大,变形机制以形变孪晶与位错及形变孪晶之间的交互作用为主;1 000℃固溶处理的晶粒尺寸较800℃大,变形过程中产生的形变孪晶较多,且随着变形量增加,形变孪晶可持续形成,增大了TWIP效应;晶粒尺寸减小使变形过程中的形变孪晶产生的临界应力增大,抑制形变孪晶的产生,从而减小了TWIP效应.     

高锰钢形变过程中加工硬化机理的研究

采用Gleeble-3500试验机对ZGMn13Cr2高锰钢进行0.1s-1应变速率下的室温压缩实验,应变量分别为5%,30%和50%.利用金相显微镜、维氏显微硬度机、XRD和TEM等方法,研究了压缩变形量对ZGMn13Cr2显微组织衍变及加工硬化机制的影响.结果表明:高锰钢压缩变形后晶粒内出现大量变形带,变形带相互交叉、缠结、割截.压缩变形量为5%时,高密度位错相互缠结呈位错胞或者位错墙,压缩变形量为30%时,基体内出现形变孪晶,随着变形量的进一步增大,孪晶的密度和体积分数增大,水韧态高锰钢在压缩变形量为50%的条件下,其显微硬度与初始态相比提高了125%,达到HV560.8.XRD结果显示,压缩变形后基体组织为奥氏体和少量的碳化物,未发现相变诱发马氏体组织.随着变形量的增大,高锰钢加工硬化机理由位错强化机制向形变孪晶强化为主、位错+少量层错强化机制为辅的机制转变.     

热变形温度对先共析铁素体等温转变动力学的影响

试验研究了一种Cr－Mn－Mo－B低碳低合金高强钢奥氏作热变形温度对相变前奥氏体组织状态及对先共析铁素体等温转变动力学的影响，结果表明，随着奥氏体热变形温度的降低，相变前奥氏体晶粒减小，并且先共析铁素体等温转变孕育期缩短，先共析铁素体转变量增多．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.