停留时间分布与啤酒废水处理效率的关系

通过对鼓泡塔式（BC）和内循环气升式（AL）生物流化床反应器水力停留时间分布的研究,发现用组合模型可以描述这两种生物反应器的停留时间分布。AL反应器的完全混合区比BC比2．15％,由于AL强化了流体流动,因而比BC减少了流体走短路的比例。用AL和BC分别处理啤酒废水时,AL比BC的处理效率高。实验结果表明,增加内循环可以强化气－流传质并改善停留时间分布,从而明显地提高废水处理的效率。     

利用生物膜去除城市河道水中氨氮的影响因素

采用新型蜂窝陶瓷载体气升式内循环反应器（LAL—CHS）对受污染的地表水进行去除氨氮的实验研究．考察探讨了水力停留时间、pH值、水温、进水氨氮质量浓度、DO、有机物浓度对氨氮去除的影响，为今后的实际应用提供了理论依据．     

用气升式内循环生物反应器处理啤酒废水

利用带有蜂窝陶瓷的气升式内循环(IAL-CHS)生物反应器处理模拟啤酒废水。实验发现,陶瓷表面很容易形成复合微生物菌群的生物膜。分别进行了间歇的批式和连续流的处理实验。间歇处理啤酒废水时,IAL-CHS反应器表现出很高的废水去除效率。连续处理时,COD为1000mg/L左右的进水,在7h的水力停留时间内,出水达到40mg/L以下,其COD去除率高达95.5%,有机负荷达3.52kg/(m3·d)。对蜂窝陶瓷载体内流态进行观察及分析,认为其流体呈湍流状态,有利于氧的传递。     

鼓泡塔和内循环气升式生物反应器混合特性比较

用脉冲示踪法测试了鼓泡塔和内循环气升式生物反应器的停留时间分布，对其流动混合特性作了比较研究．结果表明，内循环气升式生物反应器停留时间分布得到改善，强化了气液传质，有更好的混合效果，提高了反应效率．多参数模型较单参数模型能显著地反映出两种反应器的混合特性及其差别，移位对数正态分布函数模型对实验值的吻合程度优于组合模型．     

内置蜂窝陶瓷的气升式内循环生物反应器II.固定化Achromobacter sp.降解氯酚和苯酚

蜂窝陶瓷固定化细胞气升式内循环生物反应器(IAL-CHS)降解氯酚和苯酚.对该反应器进行了批式和连续流降解实验,固定于陶瓷载体上的微生物经过短时间适应后,能有效地降解氯酚和苯酚,表现出较好的稳定性和抵抗冲击负荷性能,在350h的连续流处理过程中,氯酚的降解率越来越高,达到98%以上.     

牡蛎壳填料曝气生物滤池去除水源水中的氨氮

采用以牡蛎壳为填料的内循环曝气生物滤池,对模拟水源水中氨氮进行处理,考察了水力停留时间、曝气量、pH值等因素对氨氮去除效果的影响.结果表明,该系统在水力停留时间为4 h,曝气量为2.0 L/min,pH=7.5~8.0的最佳条件下,对氨氮的去除率达到90%以上,出水氨氮浓度达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中Ⅱ类水体的水质标准.可见,牡蛎壳是一种较好的曝气生物滤池填料,内循环可以显著提高曝气生物滤池脱氮效果.     

含烃废水中硫化物生物氧化的影响因素

采用填充聚氨酯(FPUFS)载体的上流式生物氧化反应器处理含烃废水中的硫化物,考察了曝气量、水力停留时间(HRT)、进水硫化物浓度、pH值和进水石油烃浓度对硫化物生物氧化的影响。结果表明,在曝气量为300mL/min,HRT为90min,进水硫化物浓度<300mg/L,pH值为6.1～7.8的条件下,硫化物去除率在80%以上。在试验考察的石油烃浓度范围内,反应器对总有机碳(TOC)没有明显的去除效果,石油烃对硫化物去除率的影响不超过5%,但硫酸根转化率随石油烃浓度的增加显著下降。     

含烃废水中硫化物生物氧化的影响因素

采用填充聚氨酯(FPUFS)载体的上流式生物氧化反应器处理含烃废水中的硫化物,考察了曝气量、水力停留时间(HRT)、进水硫化物浓度、pH值和进水石油烃浓度对硫化物生物氧化的影响。结果表明,在曝气量为300mL/min,HRT为90min,进水硫化物浓度<300mg/L,pH值为6.1～7.8的条件下,硫化物去除率在80%以上。在试验考察的石油烃浓度范围内,反应器对总有机碳(TOC)没有明显的去除效果,石油烃对硫化物去除率的影响不超过5%,但硫酸根转化率随石油烃浓度的增加显著下降。     

螺旋流气提式内循环反应器的COD、SS去除效能

为提高气提式内循环反应器三相分离的效率,在反应器中加入螺旋式三相分离器对其进行了改造,并通过试验对其效能进行分析.试验结果表明,改造后的螺旋流气提式内循环反应器对有机物质仍具有较高的去除能力,同时系统出水SS得到了较好的降低.试验从填料体积、水力停留时间、曝气量三个因素分别考查了系统的COD、SS去除效果,系统运行稳定后COD的平均去除率为80%以上,出水COD基本维持在50～60mg/L,系统出水SS值低于30mg/L,从而证实了对气提式内循环反应改造的最初设想.     

用生物膜方法修复受污染河道水

采用蜂窝陶瓷载体，形成生物膜反应器．分别用原位和异位方法对受污染的城市河道水进行生物修复．实验中比较了不同循环时间对水体中氨氮去除的影响，认为原位修复具有较好的效果，并确定了最佳的循环曝气时间．在循环曝气时间为2h／d条件下，原位修复对NH4-N平均日去除率为42％-53％，3d后可达100％，对COD，TN，TP的去除分别为59．4％，48．2％，31．5％，可使河道水中氨氮和总磷的指标达到Ⅱ类水的标准．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.