烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

SiC/ZL复合材料的切削力

从切削力角度研究了ＳｉＣ颗粒增强铝基复合材料的切削机理。实验数据分析表明：传统刀具切削粗大颗粒增强复合材料的平均切削力和切削力波动幅度随机时间推移迅速增大,且径向和进化切削力的增长快速主切削力的增,而切削细小颗粒增强复合材料的切削力变速度和幅度都比较小;采用低速和较大切削深度时,复合材料的切削力比切削未增强合金时更小,较高切削速度和较小切削深度时则反之。     

两种不同截齿排列截割头性能的比较

为了评价利用等螺旋升角进行截齿排列设计的截割头的截割性能,选用了一个实际的截割头进行比较,通过计算机仿真获得两个截割头截割过程的切屑图和载荷曲线,经比较分析表明,用等螺旋升角排列截齿的截割头截槽合理,各段切屑图均匀,载荷大小及其波动较小,截割性能良好,所以用等螺旋升角排列截齿是一种高效、实用的截齿排列方法。     

新型硬质合金微坑车刀切削能对比研究与预测

切削能绝大部分会转化为切削热,进而直接影响切削温度,因此研究切削能的产生、传递与转化对切削温度的研究尤显重要.本文以304不锈钢专用新型硬质合金微坑车刀创新设计为例,通过对新型微坑车刀和原车刀切削过程的切削能比较研究,建立车刀切削过程切削能与前刀面温度的关系模型,开展新型微坑车刀剪切能和摩擦能的预测研究和切削实验验证.研究结果表明,用实际生产推荐切削参数,干式切削情况下,新型硬质合金微坑车刀相比原车刀,输入能量降低8.96%,剪切能降低10.50%,摩擦能降低5.32%;刀具前刀面的切削温度与剪切能和摩擦能呈正相关关系;所建立切削能预测模型可为复杂切削条件下的切削能预测及前刀面切削温度研究提供参照.     

基于平均切削厚度钛合金TC4铣削机理

选用航空领域应用最广泛的钛合金TC4,基于平均切削厚度进行大量铣削试验,通过切削温度、切削力、切削振动、切屑变形等方面研究其铣削机理.试验结果表明,平均切削厚度是影响铣削性能的重要参数;保持平均切削厚度不变,在一定范围内调整径向切削深度和每齿进给,不论是切削温度、切削力还是振动变化都很小,可以认为具有相同的切削效果.同时,还归纳出不同铣削速度段下切削温度随平均切削厚度的变化规律及切屑变形的特性,并指出选择合适的平均切削厚度进行铣削加工TC4,不仅可以提高刀具耐用度而且可以改善加工表面质量.     

切削速度对硬态切削过程的影响分析

硬态切削具有良好的加工柔性、经济性和环保性,在对工件性能起关键作用的精加工中,已成为磨削加工的有力挑战者.通过对硬态切削过程中的切屑形态、切削力和切削温度的试验研究,得到了切削速度对上述各量的影响规律.结果表明,切削速度对切削温度和切削力的影响存在一个临界值,当工件硬度超过HRC50时,切削温度和切削力的变化规律与普通切削大不相同.     

基于局部摩擦因数模型的切削力预测建模

基于局部摩擦因数模型分别建立前刀面摩擦区、切削刃钝圆区、后刀面摩擦区的受力预测模型,进而获得切削力预测值.以钨钼系高速钢（W6Mo5Cr4V2Al）刀具和20Cr2Ni4合金钢为研究对象建立直角切削实验,通过三向测力仪测量直角切削主切削力和切深抗力,并与预测切削力进行对比,数值基本吻合.分析了切削参数以及刀具前角对切削力大小的影响规律.结果表明切削力随切削速度和刀具前角的增加有减小的趋势,随着切削深度的增加明显增大.      

PCBN刀具切削淬硬轴承钢时工件硬度的影响分析

通过对PCBN刀具切削不同硬度GCr15轴承钢时切削力、切削温度、刀具磨损和已加工表面质量的试验研究,得到了工件硬度对上述各量的影响规律.结果表明,当工件硬度在HRC50左右时,刀具磨损严重且工件表面质量很差,说明PCBN刀具不适合切削中等硬度的轴承钢.     

海洋石油平台管件加工的精确几何建模

结合目前国产数控相贯线切割机普遍配备双倾角构型割炬的技术特点,对传统管材切割工艺进行了改进.通过对传统切割工艺中的几何近似部分进行精确几何建模,获得精确几何解,并通过双旋转自由度构型的割炬,完成基于该精确几何解的切割角精确切割.仿真实验表明:相对于传统的近似切割工艺,该切割角精确切割工艺可有效减少管件端面的有效切割长度,提高了切割速度和时间效率,且切割出的管材端面更符合曲面的几何性质,有利于焊接面之间的曲面匹配度.     

轴向振动钻孔工艺参数对切削力的影响

在对轴向振动钻削过程进行运动分析的基础上，对轴向振动钻孔切削力进行了系统研究，给出了瞬时切削力和平均切削力的理论表达式。通过实验，获得了切削力和工艺参数之间的关系。研究结果表明，进给量和振动振幅是影响切削力的主要因素，切削速度和振动频率对切削力的影响较小，而频转比对切削力的影响很大。     

玻璃切削加工的研究

本文从刀具材料、切削用量、刀具主要几何参数及切削液等方面对玻璃的切削加工进行了初步研究,认为切削加工可作为一种新的玻璃加工方法。所探讨的玻璃切削加工条件,可供生产实践参考。本文研究结果可为进一步的研究打下基础。