H2O2信息分子功能的探索—H2O2对人中性粒细胞呼吸爆发的反馈调节

ROS 作为信息分子是生命科学研究中继发现 NO 是信息分子后的又一重要事件。探索了外源性 ROS(H_2O_2)对人中性粒细胞(Np)呼吸爆发产物 O_2水平的影响,结果表明外源性 H_2O_2对 Np呼吸爆发水平有反馈调节作用。     

Stimulation of haematopoiesis in primates by continuous infusion of recombinant human GM-CSF

Certain proteins are known to play an important part in the proliferation, differentiation and functional activation of haematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. These proteins include erythropoietin and various colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), one of which is granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Recently, both murine and human GM-CSF have been purified to homogeneity and complementary DNAs encoding them have been cloned. Although the in vitro activity of recombinant human GM-CSF has been investigated intensively, little is known about the functional activity of this protein in vivo. There is strong evidence that colony-stimulating activities produced by various human and murine tumour tissues and cell lines can stimulate granulopoiesis in mice, as can human urinary extracts. A partially purified preparation of human urinary colony-stimulating factor, however, proved only marginally effective in stimulating granulopoiesis in humans. All these studies suffer from the lack of a homogeneous preparation of colony-stimulating factor. It has recently been shown that recombinant murine multi-CSF or interleukin-3 can stimulate haematopoiesis in mice in vivo. Large-scale production of recombinant human GM-CSF now permits us to examine its effects in vivo using a primate model. We find that the continuous infusion of GM-CSF in healthy monkeys rapidly elicits a dramatic leukocytosis and a substantial reticulocytosis. A similar effect has been observed in one pancytopenic, immunodeficient rhesus macaque. These results suggest that GM-CSF could prove useful in several clinical situations.     

GM-CSF induces human neutrophil IgA-mediated phagocytosis by an IgA Fc receptor activation mechanism

Immunoglobulin A is the primary immunoglobulin isotype in tears, saliva, breast milk and other mucosal secretions, constituting between 6% and 15% of the total serum immunoglobulins. Human peripheral blood neutrophils have IgA receptors, but these cells do not normally participate in IgA-mediated phagocytosis. The haematopoietic factors granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) prime neutrophils to be more responsive to a variety of stimuli. We therefore studied their effect on IgA-mediated phagocytosis. GM-CSF and G-CSF both induce a change from low to high-affinity neutrophil IgA Fc crystallizable fragment receptors within 30 min; a change which is associated with the development of IgA-mediated phagocytosis. Human IL-3, which does not affect neutrophil function, is inactive in this system. These results define a new mechanism for CSF-augmented host defence whereby neutrophil function can be modulated by CSF-mediated IgA Fc receptor activation.     

Cephalosporin antibiotics can be modified to inhibit human leukocyte elastase

Several laboratories, including our own have reported the synthesis and activity of certain low relative molecular mass inhibitors of mammalian serine proteases, especially human leukocyte elastase (HLE, EC 3.4.21.37), an enzyme whose degradative activity on lung elastin has been implicated as a major causative factor in the induction of pulmonary emphysema, and which is present in the azurophil granules of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Normally, these granules fuse with phagosomes containing engulfed foreign material (such as bacteria), and HLE, in combination with other lysosomal enzymes, catabolizes the particles. Under certain pathological conditions, however, PMN become attached to host protein (elastin fibres, basement membrane, connective tissue, immune complexes), and in response to this adherence, the granules may fuse with the PMN outer membrane and release their contents, including HLE, directly onto the tissue. Besides emphysema, HLE may also contribute to the pathogenesis of disease states such as adult respiratory distress syndrome, and its potential involvement in rheumatoid arthritis makes HLE inhibitors of considerable interest. It is known that cephalosporin antibiotics (for example, cephalothin (compound I, Table 2)) are acylating inhibitors of bacterial serine proteases which help synthesize the cell wall by performing a transpeptidation reaction on a peptidyl substrate bearing a D-Ala-D-Ala terminus. We now report that neutral cephalosporins (that is, compounds not bearing a free carboxyl at position C-4) can be modified to become potent time-dependent inhibitors of HLE.     

不同光照条件对黄瓜幼苗的生理响应

探明不同光照条件对黄瓜幼苗的生理响应。本试验以"津春4号"黄瓜品种为材料,在黄瓜幼苗长至两叶一心时,分别置于不同光照下生长6 d,然后取第2片真叶测定相关指标。结果表明,在弱光下黄瓜叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧阴离子(O2.-)生成速率以及过氧化氢(H2O2)含量均有显著提高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力有所降低,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性有显著提高。     

响应面法优化槲蕨总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

为了优化槲蕨总黄酮的提取工艺并研究其抗氧化活性,该文以料液比、乙醇体积分数、超声处理功率和超声辅助提取时间为考察因素,以槲蕨总黄酮产率为研究目标,在单因素实验的基础上运用响应曲面分析法优化槲蕨总黄酮的提取工艺,并探讨了超声波提取的槲蕨总黄酮的抗氧化活性.研究结果表明:超声波辅助乙醇提取槲蕨总黄酮的最佳工艺是料液比为1:30.00(g·mL^-1)、超声功率为450.00 W、乙醇体积分数为68.00%,在该优化条件下槲蕨总黄酮的产率为1.452 mg·g^-1.抗氧化研究表明:槲蕨总黄酮对羟自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)和超氧阴离子(O^-₂·)具有较强的清除能力,这说明槲蕨总黄酮具有良好的抗氧化活性.     

Superoxide anion is involved in the breakdown of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor

Endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor (EDRF) is a humoral agent that is released by vascular endothelium and mediates vasodilator responses induced by various substances including acetylcholine and bradykinin. EDRF is very unstable, with a half-life of between 6 and 50 s, and is clearly distinguishable from prostacyclin. The chemical structure of EDRF is unknown but it has been suggested that it is either a hydroperoxy- or free radical-derivative of arachidonic acid or an unstable aldehyde, ketone or lactone. We have examined the role of superoxide anion (O-2) in the inactivation of EDRF released from vascular endothelial cells cultured on microcarrier beads and bioassayed using a cascade of superfused aortic smooth muscle strips. With this system, we have now demonstrated that EDRF is protected from breakdown by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Cu2+, but not by catalase, and is inactivated by Fe2+. These findings indicate that O-2 contributes significantly to the instability of EDRF.     

Recombinant human TNF induces production of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is synthesized by macrophages exposed to endotoxin. It produces haemorrhagic necrosis of a variety of tumours in mice and is cytostatic or cytocidal against various transformed cell lines in vitro, but viability of normal human or rodent cells is unaffected. The role of TNF is unlikely to be restricted to the rejection of tumours. Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are required for survival, proliferation and differentiation of haematopoietic progenitor cells. The haematopoietic growth factor known as granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has the ability to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of normal granulocyte-monocyte and eosinophil stem cells and enhance the proliferation of pluripotent, megakaryocyte and erythroid stem cells. In addition, GM-CSF stimulates a variety of functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages, for example inhibition of migration, phagocytosis of microbes, oxidative metabolism, and antibody-dependent cytotoxic killing of tumour cells. We show here that TNF markedly stimulates production of GM-CSF messenger RNA and protein in normal human lung fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells, and in cells of several malignant tissues.     

中华猕猴桃营养生物学效应研究——Ⅲ.浓缩果汁对家兔血液红细胞的邻苯三酚自氧化抑制效应

采用邻苯三酚自氧化抑制法,对口服中华猕猴桃浓缩果汁家兔血液红细胞的邻苯三酚自氧化抑制效应的试验表明,按50kg体重人体,每日食用0.5kg果汁剂量,持续5周服用中华猕猴桃浓缩果汁的家免,其血液红细胞邻苯三酚自氧化反应抑制率明显升高。与服用前正常值73.7％对比,1—5周依次为129.1％,153.1％,133.4％,154.9％和150.8％。停服果汁2周和4周的测定值为111.8％和114.8％。结果提示,口服中华猕猴桃浓缩果汁有明显增强家兔血液红细胞的邻苯三酚自氧化抑制效应,抑制率比正常值提高1倍。猕猴桃果汁与同等剂量试剂抗坏血酸平行抑制试验结果,猕猴桃果汁的自氧化抑制率较试剂抗坏血酸高2个剂量级。     

乌蕨不同提取液对氧自由基的清除作用

采用分光光度法测定了乌蕨3种不同提取液对超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)和羟自由基(.OH)的清除作用大小.结果表明水提液、质量分数为50%的乙醇提取液和质量分数为80%的丙酮提取液在干样浓度为10.00～50.00μg.mL-1时,对羟自由基的清除率为:水提液(36.85%)乙醇(20.61%)丙酮(18.70%);对超氧自由基的清除率为:丙酮(31.77%)水提液(31.03%)乙醇(24.37%).还利用超声提取法对乌蕨水提液的抗氧化能力进行了研究,结果表明超声水提液对超氧自由基和羟自由基的清除率均大于回流提取液.     

纳米硒-蔗糖溶胶的抗氧化作用

以蔗糖作为表面修饰剂制备纳米硒(NanoSe0)溶胶,获得含有NanoSe0微粒的4种均匀溶胶.利用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定了NanoSe0-蔗糖溶胶对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用.用抗氧化能力指数(ORAC)法测定了其抗氧化能力.结果显示各NanoSe0-蔗糖溶胶体系具有清除超氧阴离子的作用和抗氧化能力,实验进一步表明,随着NanoSe0浓度的增大,清除超氧阴离子和抗氧化能力增强,但是增加蔗糖的浓度对NanoSe0-蔗糖溶胶的抗氧化能力没有明显的影响.     

丹参水提物的体外抗氧化活性分析

目的：对丹参水提物的抗氧化活性进行体外研究。方法：分别采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、水杨酸法比色法测定丹参水提物对超氧阴离子、羟基自由基的清除能力,并与阳性对照品VE进行比较。结果：丹参水提物还原能力随浓度增加而增强,对超氧阴离子、羟基自由基均有较强的清除作用,且呈剂量效应关系。结论：丹参水提物有显著的抗氧化活性。     

多羟基二苯甲酮的抗氧化性能研究

采用Friedel-Crafts反应合成18个多羟基二苯甲酮系列化合物,并从清除羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基能力两个方面研究了该系列化合物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,该系列化合物对上述两种自由基有较好的清除效果,其中羟基自由基的清除能力比Vc强,而超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力比Vc稍弱。本文的研究填补了多羟基二苯甲酮系列化合物在抗氧化性能研究的空白,为该类抗氧化剂的设计合成提供了有益参考。     

湖北盘腹蚁属一新种记述（膜翅目：蚁科）

湖北盘腹蚁属一新种记述（膜翅目：蚁科）王维郑哲民（陕西师范大学动物研究所，西安７１００６２；第一作者，男，３１岁，讲师）笔者在整理采自湖北省利川市的蚂蚁标本时，发现一新种，现记述如下．模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室．凹唇盘腹蚁Ａｐｈａｅｎ...     

Nitric oxide as an inhibitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurotransmitter

Inhibitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) nerves are thought to be important in the autonomic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract and other organ systems. The nature of their neurotransmitter is still debated. Speculation that nitric oxide (NO), formed from L-arginine in neuronal structures and other cells, could act as a neurotransmitter, is not yet supported by demonstration of its release upon nerve stimulation. Using a superfusion bioassay, we report the release of a vasorelaxant factor upon stimulation of the NANC nerves in the canine ileocolonic junction. Several pieces of evidence, including the selectivity of the bioassay tissues, chemical instability, inactivation by superoxide anion and haemoglobin, inhibition by NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and potentiation by L-arginine all indicated that NO accounted for the biological activity of this transferable NANC factor.     

Heparan sulphate bound growth factors: a mechanism for stromal cell mediated haemopoiesis

The proliferation and development of haemopoietic stem cells takes place in close association with marrow stromal cells. This intimate cell contact presumably enables the stem cells and their progeny to respond to stimuli present on the stromal cell surface. While the nature of these stimuli has not been determined, it is likely that growth factors play some role. Recently, it was demonstrated that the natural and the recombinant haemopoietic growth factor, granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), could be adsorbed out of solution by an extract of human marrow stromal extracellular matrix (ECM) with retention of biological activity. However, the precise ECM molecules involved were not identified. Here, we clearly demonstrate that the major sulphated glycosaminoglycan of mouse marrow stroma, heparan sulphate, possesses the ability to adsorb both GM-CSF and the multilineage haemopoietic growth factor, Interleukin 3 (IL-3). Furthermore, these growth factors, once bound, can be presented in the biologically active form to haemopoietic cells.     

Granulocyte- and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factors induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) belong to a family of glycoprotidic growth factors required for the survival, growth and differentiation of haematopoietic precursors and which affect the function of circulating mature cells. They are produced by resting or stimulated stromal cells of the haematopoietic microenvironment (fibroblasts and endothelium) and by immunocompetent cells (T cells and monocytes/macrophages). The action of these CSF molecules was thought to be restricted to cells of haematopoietic origin. Here, we report that G-CSF and GM-CSF influence the migration and proliferation of human endothelial cells suggesting that these molecules may act as regulatory signals outside the haematopoietic system.     

Optimization of hypocrellin B derivative amphiphilicity and biological activity

To satisfy the dual requirements of the fluent transportation in blood and the affinity to the target tissues of vascular diseases, hypocrellin derivatives with optimized amphiphilicity are expected. In this work, 3-amino-l-propanesulfonic acid and 4-amino-l-butanesulfonic acid substituted hypocrellin B, named compounds 1 and 2, were designed, synthesized in high yields and characterized. Besides greatly strengthened red absorption, the maximum solubility of compound 2 in phosphate buffered saline （PBS） is 4.2 mg/mL which is just enough to prepare an aqueous solution for intravenous injection in clinically acceptable concentration, while the partition coefficient between n-octanol and PBS, 5.6, benefits the cell-uptake and biological activity as well. Furthermore, EPR measurements reveal that the photosensitization activities of the two compounds to generate semiquinone anion radicals, superoxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen are a little bit higher than those of taurine substituted hypocrellin B （THB）, but the photodynamic activities to human lung cancer A549 cells are several times that of THB, mainly due to increases in lipophilicity and cell-uptake.     

不同体积分数洗脱剂对海边月见草茎提取物抗氧化活性的影响

海边月见草茎提取物经X-5大孔树脂吸附,用体积分数为10%、30%、50%、70%的乙醇溶液进行洗脱,得到4种洗脱级分.采用二苯代苦肼自由基(DPPH·)体系、羟自由基体系、超氧阴离子自由基体系及抗卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化体系对4个级分的抗氧化活性进行了测定.结果表明,海边月见草茎提取物4种洗脱级分具有不同程度的清除自由基能力,其中30%乙醇级分的抗氧化活性最强.该级分对DPPH自由基的清除率为82.60%,对H2O2/Fe2 产生羟自由基的清除率为65.43%,对邻苯三酚自氧化产生超氧阴离子自由基的抑制率为26.16%,对卵黄脂蛋白PUFA过氧化的抑制率为80.97%.综合评价其抗氧化活性比芦丁好或相当,但比槲皮素略差.同时显示抗氧化活性与其黄酮体积分数有一定的相关性.