柴油机排气微粒静电捕集的理论分析

根据湍流传质原理 ,对柴油机排气微粒脉冲放电的静电捕集理论进行了研究 ,确定了脉冲放电对微粒在传输过程中的湍流掺混作用 .计算结果表明 ,脉冲放电加大了微粒的湍流掺混程度 ,使微粒的静电捕集效率降低 .为此 ,针对柴油机排气小微粒的静电捕集 ,提出了脉冲—直流双区供电方式 ,它既增大了微粒的荷电量 ,又可降低微粒捕集时的湍流掺混作用 ,可以使微粒的捕集效率得到显著提高 .     

负电晕放电对柴油机排气颗粒Zeta电位的影响

为了解决荷电凝并技术在降低柴油机排气颗粒数量浓度时颗粒荷电量的大小影响凝并过程的问题,对柴油机排气颗粒的荷电特性进行了试验研究。用颗粒的Zeta电位表征其荷电状态,计算了单个颗粒在负电晕条件下的荷电量;通过改变荷电电压、荷电区温度以及柴油机负荷,探究了各因素对柴油机排气颗粒荷电量的影响。研究结果表明:电压的增高可有效提高颗粒的荷电量,颗粒的Zeta电位绝对值也相应增加;温度升高时,电晕放电的起晕电压下降,相同放电参数下的颗粒荷电量增加;颗粒荷电量随柴油机负荷的增加而增加,全负荷时的荷电效果最好。此项研究可为提高柴油机排气颗粒的荷电效果、建立荷电凝并的数学模型提供参考。     

脉冲电晕技术降低柴油机微粒排放的实验研究

利用线－筒式荷电装置和高压窄脉冲电源来降低柴油机的微粒排放，分析了不同电源电压和脉冲频率下排气微粒的脱除效率，并在不同转速和负荷下进行了实验研究。研究结果表明，电源电压和脉冲频率是影响微粒脱除效率的两个主要因素，其中电源电压是最主要的影响因素，利用脉冲电晕放电降低柴油机的微粒排放效率明显的，是一种很有发展前途的控制尾气排放的新技术。     

窄脉冲放电荷电器极间不同位置的荷电研究

 研究了不同电压下的窄脉冲荷电,利用密立根油滴仪测量了有无导流柱情况下的液滴荷电量.研究表明,无导流柱的情况下,窄脉冲放电电压低于火花放电电压时,随着电压的增加,气溶胶颗粒的荷电电量也随之增加,当电压达到火花放电电压时,窄脉冲放电的荷电量最大,但当所应用电压大于火花放电电压时,荷电量反而下降.应用导流柱时,可以避免流注放电中等离子区内的电中和,所以应用的电压大于火花放电时,应用导流柱的情况下,气溶胶颗粒的荷电量大于无导流柱时的电压,但当电压低于火花放电电压时,导流柱的应用则不利于气溶胶颗粒荷电.同时也研究了导流柱直径对荷电量的影响,指出导流的直径为2cm时最有利于窄脉冲荷电.研究为以后窄脉冲荷电的应用提供了依据.     

非热放电技术降低柴油机微粒的排放

为降低柴油机微粒排放,设计了高压放电电源和针阵列对板电晕放电发生器.该反应器电压为10 kV,直流电流在10 mA内可调,具有体积小、重量轻、功耗低、放电产生简单、放电均匀强烈的特点.在4135 G型柴油机上对其运行工况、反应器的放电电流、排气在反应器中的停留时间等因素对有害排放物的去除效果进行了详细分析.试验结果表明,在柴油机大部分运行工况下,反应器对微粒的去除效率为50%~80%.     

不同气氛下柴油机排气微粒的燃烧特性实验研究

柴油机排气微粒捕集器的关键技术之一就是捕集器的再生.应用热重/差热同步分析仪,在空气、氧气两种气氛下对柴油机排气微粒进行燃烧特性实验,并就微粒的失重曲线和燃烧特性曲线、燃烧特征参数以及燃烧反应动力学等方面进行了分析.结果可以为柴油机排气微粒捕集器再生技术的实施提供指导和依据.     

分形理论在柴油机排气微粒生成机理研究方面的应用

探讨了柴油机排气微粒(PM)的生成机理及结构特征;从柴油机排气微粒的生成过程、结构特征以及分形的内涵出发,用分形理论研究柴油机排气微粒的生成机理是可行的。经过分析,提出了分形理论在柴油机排气微粒生成机理方面的具体研究内容及方向。     

针阵列对板电晕放电捕集微细颗粒物研究

研究了采用针阵列对板电晕放电对粒径在0.3～10.0μm之间的微粒进行捕集的捕集效率.研究中利用洁净空气量分析其捕集效果,利用Deutsch公式计算微粒的有效驱进速度,根据实验结果和静电除尘理论,分析得到引起捕集效率高的原因是放电区电场强度高,则快速电子密度高,使微粒有效荷电,同时荷电微粒的驱进速度高;针到板之间的间距窄,则荷电微粒的定向运动距离短、电场对其的捕集时间短;直流供电提供稳定的电场,相对于变化的电场来说放电区气流相对稳定,利于荷电微粒定向运动.     

净化柴油机排气微粒的多孔泡沫金属电除尘器结构设计

本文以柴油机为研究对象,研究净化柴油机排气微粒的新技术。简介了柴油机排气微粒的特性及净化技术。介绍了电除尘器的基本工作原理以及工作特性。说明了多孔泡沫金属的特性,并设计了净化柴油机排气微粒的以多孔泡沫金属为集尘极的电除尘器结构及原理,分析了该净化装置的优点。     

柴油机微粒捕捉器捕集效率模型的研究

在深床微粒捕集效率经典理论的基础上 ,结合柴油机排气的特点 ,从宏观的角度建立了一个计算捕捉器内气流中的微粒分布及微粒捕集效率的基本数学模型 ,这个模型可以更确切地描述捕捉器内微粒的捕集过程及影响微粒捕集效率的各种因素 ,为柴油机排气微粒捕捉器的优化设计及进一步建立定量的捕捉器微粒捕集数学模型提供了基础 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.