钐对SmxMn0.3?xTi催化剂NH3选择性催化还原NOx过程中N2选择性的影响

本文研究了Sm对Mn基催化剂NH₃选择性催化还原NO的改善作用。采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Sm_xMn_0.3?xTi催化剂(x = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2和0.3)。活性测试表明,Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂在180?300°C条件下,NO转化率达100%,N₂选择性达87%以上。表征结果表明,Mn基催化剂中添加Sm,抑制了TiO₂和Mn₂O₃相的结晶,提高了比表面积和酸性,其中Sm改性催化剂的比表面积从152.2增加至241.7 m2·g?1。这些作用有利于提高催化活性。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti的Sm3+/Sm和O_β/O的相对原子比分别为76.77at%和44.11at%,添加Sm增加了表面吸附氧(O_β),降低了Mn4+的表面浓度;程序升温还原H₂(H₂-TPR)结果表明,Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂还原温度提高,H₂消耗量降低至0.3 mmol?g?1。Sm的引入降低了催化剂Mn4+表面浓度,使得该催化剂氧化还原性能降低,进一步抑制NH₃氧化和非选择性催化还原反应生成N₂O,从而提高了催化剂的N₂选择性。原位漫反射红外傅立叶变换光谱(DRIFTs)表明,Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂的NH₃-SCR反应主要遵循Eley?Rideal机制。Sm掺杂增加了Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂的表面吸附氧(O_β),降低了氧化还原性能,提高了Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂的NO转化率和N₂选择性。     

A520体系气体分子吸附机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了CO₂、N₂、H₂O、二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷在A520中的吸附位点、吸附构型和吸附能。结果表明,A520中气体的吸附位点主要有两类,对不同的气体有不同的吸附构型。A520对CO₂、N₂、H₂O、二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷气体的最大吸附能分别为-31.69 kJ·mol^-1、-22.33 kJ·mol^-1、-68.59 kJ·mol^-1、-43.35 kJ·mol^-1和-41.62 kJ·mol^-1。从吸附能与A520的结构关系分析得出引入含氧官能团有利于水与MOFs的吸附作用,MOFs孔道大小与客体分子的分子动力学直径相近有利于增强客体分子与MOFs的吸附作用。     

高负载铜基SSZ-13分子筛催化剂SCR模型研究

随着日益严格的排放法规出台，降低重型柴油机的氮氧化物(NO_x)排放已成为研究的重点．为提高SSZ-13分子筛催化剂在低温下的二氧化氮(NO₂)转化效率，通过数值仿真的方法研究了高负载铜基的小孔径分子筛催化剂在不同工况下的最佳NO₂占比情况．利用GT-SUITE软件建立了一维反应器模型以及催化反应动力学模型，采用数值模拟计算的方法对选择催化还原(selective catalytic reduction,SCR)系统内化学反应进行了研究．模型考虑了423～673 K的温度范围内，氨气(NH₃)的吸附、脱附和氧化反应、一氧化氮(NO)氧化反应、NO_x的还原反应以及硝酸铵(NH₄NO₃)的分解反应，并且在排出气体中监测重要的温室气体——氧化亚氮(N₂O)的排放量．结果表明：在高负载铜基的SSZ-13分子筛催化剂作用下，NO₂与NH₃反应生成的NH₄NO<...     

老化态Pd/Rh基三元催化器的起燃及次生污染物生成特性研究

为探究天然气发动机三元催化器(three-way catalytic converter, TWC)长期使用后起燃特性及次生污染物生成特性的变化规律，文章建立当量比燃烧的天然气发动机Pd/Rh基催化器的表面反应机理模型，利用试验数据验证模型的准确性，研究贵金属分散度对CH₄、CO、NO排放物起燃特性以及次生污染物NH₃、N₂O生成规律的影响。结果表明：相较于新鲜催化器，老化催化器虽然仍能实现对气体排放物的有效转化，但是随着贵金属分散度的降低，CH₄、CO、NO的起燃温度明显增加，起燃特性变差；贵金属分散度还会影响次生污染物的生成规律，分散度增加时，催化剂表面对污染物气体的吸附能力增强，增加了次生污染物的消耗，次生污染物的生成有所减少。     

CuO掺杂纳米SnO2锂离子电池负极材料的合成与电化学性能

以SnCl₄·5H₂O、Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O和NH₃·H₂O为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备了CuO掺杂的纳米SnO₂粉末.运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜等手段对合成粉末进行了表征.将合成粉末作为锂离子电池负极材料,研究了其充放电容量、循环性能和交流阻抗等电化学性能.结果表明：采用化学共沉淀法可以得到平均粒度为87 nm的CuO掺杂的纳米SnO₂粉末;在SnO2中掺入CuO,并没有改变SnO₂的结构,但能够有效抑制SnO₂粒子的长大;CuO掺杂的纳米SnO₂粉末的可逆容量可以达到752 mA·g^-1,经60次循环后,CuO掺杂的纳米SnO₂粉末的容量保持率分别为93.6%,优于纳米SnO₂ (92.0%),掺杂CuO改善了纳米SnO₂的循环性能.     

SnO2(110)表面In掺杂对NO2气敏吸附性能提升的理论研究

为了阐明In的掺杂能提高SnO₂(110)表面气敏性能的反应机制,采用密度泛函理论研究了NO₂分子在In掺杂SnO₂(110)表面的吸附行为. 计算结果表明:In的掺杂可以提高材料表面的导电性,形成具有氧空位的缺陷表面,有利于发生活性氧在表面的预吸附过程. 掺杂的In_5c/SnO₂(110)表面对NO₂表现出良好的吸附性,对NO₂气体的选择性和灵敏度提高的主要原因是In掺杂后氧空位缺陷表面的形成. 此外,活性氧物种的预吸附对材料表面气敏性能的影响取决于NO₂在材料表面的具体吸附位点,其中Sn_5c位点的吸附促使电荷从表面转移到气体分子,导致表面电阻的增大以及氧空位的产生,从而表现出优异的气敏吸附性能.     

N2和O2在δ-Pu(100)表面吸附行为的理论研究

空气中活性气体在钚材料表面的吸附行为是引起钚材料表面腐蚀的重要原因。采用第一性原理方法对空气中N₂和O₂在δ-Pu (100) 表面的吸附行为进行了研究。对所有稳定吸附构型进行Bader电荷分析以及吸附能与结合能分析的结果表明:N₂的最稳定吸附构型为H-S-N6,O₂的最稳定吸附构型为H-P-O4。对这2种吸附构型进行差分电荷密度分析、态密度(DOS) 分析和晶体哈密顿轨道布居数(COHP) 计算的结果表明:N₂和O₂在δ-Pu (100) 表面的吸附均为强化学吸附,且O₂的吸附远远强于N₂。成键本质均为N原子或O原子的2s和2p轨道与表面Pu原子的6p、6d和5f轨道发生重叠杂化作用。研究结果对于N₂和O₂在δ-Pu (100) 表面共吸附行为的研究奠定了良好基础,对揭示钚材料在空气中的表面腐蚀机制有重要意义。     

合肥市高新区大气SO2与O3和NO2污染特征及来源分析

采用长光程差分吸收光谱系统对合肥市高新区大气SO₂,O₃,NO₂进行连续观测，分析气体污染特征和可能存在的污染源.日变化显示，夜间SO₂质量浓度较高，日间质量浓度低.NO₂呈单峰单谷型，交通晚高峰对NO₂质量浓度有一定影响，全日质量浓度持续偏高(35～45μg/m³)且变化较小，存在其他重要的氮氧化物排放源.O₃有明显的日变化，日间质量浓度高，在午后16:00出现最大值；夜间质量浓度低，凌晨出现最低值.冬季大气边界层低，不利于污染扩散，NO₂和SO₂质量浓度保持较高水平，而夏季光解反应剧烈，湿沉降明显，污染物质量浓度较低，O₃质量浓度表现为春夏季高于秋冬季.污染源分析表明，SO₂高值主要与观测点西北面农村居民生活燃煤及东南侧制药公司和涂料厂的无组织排放有关.低风速下NO₂高质量浓度受观测点附近望江西路的机...     

提高再生气中H2S浓度的方案研究

对以生物质热解气为原料的低温甲醇洗工艺进行模拟和研究,热解气主要成分为CO₂、H₂、CO、H₂S、COS和水等。采用Aspen plus对低温甲醇洗工艺进行全流程模拟,通过对比分析可知,模拟结果与实际值基本吻合。针对原工艺H₂S浓度低的问题,提出两个改进方案以提高H₂S的浓度：①提高气提塔的N₂流量;②在气提塔后添加一个闪蒸罐,气提塔塔底的甲醇溶液经过加热和闪蒸后再进入甲醇再生塔。结果表明改进方案可以大大提高再生气中H₂S的浓度。     

Ptn石墨烯体系氧还原反应的第一性原理计算

通过构建单层六方石墨烯(单空位)超晶胞结构, 用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究Pt 石墨烯体系中反应前O₂的吸附(脱附)势 垒及反应过程中H₂O分子和OH的脱附势垒, 并研究Pt团簇石墨烯体系中（Pt₂石墨烯和Pt₄石墨烯）氧还原反应(ORR)的中间产物及其吸附能的变化过程, 给出ORR的最优路径.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.