导线倾角与覆冰过程扭转因素对覆冰形状特性影响研究

输电导线覆冰严重威胁电网运行安全,准确预测导线覆冰形状和增长趋势,可以有效预防次生灾害的发生.已有输电导线覆冰增长预测模型较少考虑覆冰偏心扭转对导线表面覆冰形状的影响.为此,综合考虑覆冰偏心、风速等对导线的耦合扭转特性,建立输电导线动态扭转覆冰预测模型.基于预测模型对导线表面覆冰形状进行预测模拟并与文献实验数据对比,验证了模型的有效性.利用预测模型,进一步讨论导线倾角及温度、风速和MVD（水滴中值直径）对冰形和扭转速度的影响.研究发现,导线迎风面覆冰厚度随着倾斜角度的增加,分层现象逐渐明显.与水平布置（零倾角）导线对比,倾斜角度为60°时,导线覆冰面积分别增加18.26%（覆冰125 min）、26.30%（覆冰245 min）,扭转角度分别增加10.4°（覆冰125 min）、16.2°（覆冰245 min）,冰形呈“沟壑”状.     

自然条件下输电线路导线覆冰增长特性

输电线路导线覆冰严重威胁着电网安全运行.导线覆冰过程复杂,影响因素众多,对其覆冰增长规律的准确掌握是建立并优化导线覆冰数值计算模型的基础.从自然覆冰试验出发,依托雪峰山自然覆冰试验基地对不同种类的导线进行了自然覆冰观测试验,研究了导线直径、导线表面处理情况、覆冰类型及导线扭转对导线覆冰增长过程的影响.通过导线表面水滴碰撞系数的计算分析了不同直径导线覆冰的差异性.研究结果表明:自然环境条件下,风速对导线雾凇覆冰冰形起决定性作用,覆冰主要在导线迎风面(横向迎风侧)累积,而背风侧和纵向覆冰较少.覆冰厚度随时间非线性增长,导线直径越小,覆冰厚度增长越快.导线扭转使得导线背风侧向迎风侧转变,覆冰厚度增长速率加快.雨凇覆冰时,除迎风侧翼型覆冰外,导线下方易冻结形成冰棱,使得冰形结构更为复杂.     

输电导线覆冰生长及影响因素数值分析模型

针对现有输电线路覆冰生长模型仅注重覆冰生长量、难于准确预测覆冰形貌的问题,建立了输电导线局部冰层增长计算模型。采用空气动力学方程求解覆冰导线周围气流场参数、覆冰表面对流换热系数,进而采用欧拉二相流模型计算覆冰导线表面过冷却液滴碰撞系数;建立包含液滴碰撞、溢流、蒸发、升华等因素的质量平衡方程,基于此方程推导出计算对象热量平衡方程,并采用多级假设、一维搜索求解方程中多个未知量,得出各单元的冻结系数和覆冰质量。算例表明:局部碰撞系数及碰撞区域随风速的提高快速增大,覆冰量相应增大;而环境温度及导线电流的增加使得溢流水出现,覆冰类型由雾凇向雨凇过渡;模型所得覆冰形貌和覆冰量与已有实验结果基本相符,计算结果满足电力系统工程需要。     

不同覆冰状态下导线风致振动响应仿真

为研究动态风载作用下不同覆冰状态下输电导线的动力响应,利用谐波叠加法模拟多点相关的脉动风速时程曲线,得到不同覆冰形式下的风荷载,建立导线有限元模型,对不同覆冰状态下输电导线各特征参数和风速的相关性,并对导线振动特性以及动张力特性进行分析。结果表明：在随机风作用下,不均匀覆冰对风速的相关性最强;相同风速下,覆冰厚度和覆冰形式对导线振动特性影响不大;均匀覆冰时,导线张力峰值在15 mm覆冰时达到最大,张力峰值为69 180.4 N;不均匀覆冰状态下,中央重覆冰对导线张力的影响强于两侧重覆冰。     

输电塔线体系风致覆冰脱落动力响应的研究

建立了两塔三线模型,采用数值实验研究了输电线路的动力特性和中跨覆冰导线发生舞动时覆冰脱落、覆冰不脱落这两种工况的输电塔线系统的动力响应特性,探讨了不同风速下二者响应的差异.计算模型考虑了输电线的初始变形和初始应力.分析结果表明,塔端不平衡张力和邻跨导线横向振幅都随着风速的增加而增大,舞动导致的覆冰脱落使邻跨导线横向振动频率大幅增加,竖向回弹高度相对减小,而中跨的竖向回弹高度和横向振幅分别增加了73.9%和57.7%左右.舞动导致的覆冰脱落对线路的影响不容忽视,在实际线路的设计中应加以特别的考虑.     

架空输电线舞动的临界风速研究

结合舞动自身特性,研究了输电导线舞动的单自由度模型,给出了建立单自由度模型的一般方法,采用精确的相对风速表达式研究了舞动的单自由度模型,推导了起舞的临界风速解析表达式,分析了影响舞动临界风速的因素.结果表明:影响临界风速的因素有单位长度上覆冰导线的质量、阻尼、初始攻角、气动力系数、空气的密度以及覆冰导线的有效受风长度,其中空气密度是常量,为预防和抑制导线舞动提供参考.     

架空导线覆冰实验及模拟

在小型开式冰风洞中对架空导线覆冰过程进行测试,风洞位于低温环境室中,在不同工况下,每隔1 h测量导线上的冰负荷和冰密度以及观察覆冰类型,覆冰测试时间为6 h,将实验结果与改进后基于热平衡的覆冰模型进行比较及误差分析。研究结果表明:当气流温度从-10℃逐渐升高到-2℃时,覆冰开始为干增长(雾凇),然后逐渐变为湿增长(雨凇),同时冰密度增加;风速增加会导致覆冰量增加,但如果气流中液态水含量比较高,即使是在较低的温度下,覆冰类型也为雨凇;改进的覆冰模型对导线冰负荷的预测与实验结果较吻合。     

新月形覆冰单导线静气动力特性的无网格数值模拟研究

覆冰导线在风激励下的气动力系数及其随风速攻角的变化规律是导线舞动的关键因素。论文采用基于LBM方法的无网格数值模拟软件Xflow对新月型覆冰单导线的静气动力特性进行研究,特定风速和冰厚条件下的数值模拟结果与文献风洞试验数据的高度吻合,验证了该方法的可靠性和准确性。进而开展的变风速和变冰厚条件下的导线气动力特性系数随攻角变化的规律,也与风洞试验结果呈现出一致的趋势。论文的研究表明,利用Xflow对覆冰导线气动力特性进行研究,不需要对覆冰导线周围的空气流场划分网格,提高了数值模拟的效率,为覆冰导线舞动机理的研究提供了新的、有效的途径。     

基于流体力学原理的绝缘子覆雪三维数值模拟

输电线路覆冰积雪严重影响电网的安全稳定运行.目前的研究重点关注绝缘子覆雪放电发展过程及闪络特性.由于绝缘子结构复杂,对覆雪的增长过程缺乏系统的分析.本文基于计算流体力学原理,在不同的环境参数条件下,对XP-70绝缘子表面不同位置的雪晶颗粒碰撞特性进行了理论分析和仿真计算,在此基础上建立了绝缘子三维覆雪数值计算模型.研究表明,在气流绕流绝缘子过程中,存在降压增速和增压减速两个相反的过程;绝缘子迎风侧局部碰撞系数从前驻点处沿钢帽或伞裙向两侧逐渐减小,迎风侧伞裙边缘和钢帽处的局部碰撞系数远远大于其他位置,最大可达0.74.绝缘子表面的覆雪量随风速（v）、液态水含量（LWC）以及颗粒直径（MVD）等环境参数的增大而增大,覆雪量最大可达2.19 kg.经仿真和试验验证,局部碰撞系数最大的位置,覆雪最严重,而且试验和模型仿真结果的误差小于17%.     

基于曲梁理论的覆冰分裂导线舞动非线性动力分析

基于空间曲梁理论的应变-位移关系，建立了具有三个平动自由度和一个转角自由度的覆冰分裂导线舞动分析混合模型. 考虑覆冰导线所受空气动力的非线性和导线大幅运动的几何非线性，利用虚功原理建立覆冰分裂导线的非线性动力学方程. 采用振型叠加法将方程变换到振型空间中，并使用时间积分算法求解. 然后通过数值计算对单元无关性进行了检验，分析单元数量对覆冰导线前六阶频率的影响；此外研究了模态收敛性，分析模态截断对舞动响应的影响；最后分析了气动力对结构频率的影响. 研究结果表明，气动力对分裂导线的扭转频率有较大的影响，这准确地反映了输电线路的动态特性；另外，覆冰分裂导线混合模型用于输电线的舞动分析时具有可靠的精度，说明该混合模型可以预测输电线路的实际舞动响应，便于后续控制设计的实施.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to