节理岩质边坡桩基加固的稳定性分析

利用有限差分法FLAC3D软件建立节理岩质边坡桩基加固的数值模型,通过强度折减法计算边坡安全系数,并分析边坡节理面倾角、桩长、桩位置对节理岩质边坡稳定性及桩身内力与位移的影响。研究结果表明:桩总长L1存在某一临界桩长L0,当L1L0时,增加桩总长对桩加固效果影响不大;节理上部桩长L2是影响桩加固岩质边坡效果的决定性长度参数;桩位置逐渐远离坡面时,加固效果急剧降低;桩身剪力和弯矩均呈周期性波形分布,最大剪力绝对值出现桩与节理面的相交点处,最大弯矩出现在剪力约等于0 kN处;当节理面倾角大于岩石摩擦角时,桩顶水平位移随着桩位置逐渐远离坡面而急剧增大。为了提高桩基加固效果,实际工程中桩总长应小于临界桩长,且尽可能布置桩在坡面附近。     

坑中坑基坑内坑支护桩弯矩发展规律

坑中坑基坑是一种较为复杂且尚未得到充分研究的基坑形式。为研究基坑开挖过程中内坑支护桩的内力发展规律,进行了施工过程中的支护桩内力现场测试。通过采集桩身纵向受力钢筋的应力来反演桩身弯矩,分析了支护桩桩身弯矩在施工过程中的发展规律。通过有限元数值计算拟合了试验结果,研究了外坑开挖深度和平台宽度变化时内坑支护桩桩身弯矩的变化趋势,结果表明：坑趾系数(外坑平台宽度/开挖深度)与内坑支护桩桩身最大弯矩的变化存在着密切联系,通过拟合给出了桩身最大弯矩增长率随坑趾系数的函数曲线,桩身最大弯矩增长率可作为坑中坑基坑中内坑支护桩设计时的安全系数加以考虑。     

冠梁水平侧向刚度对桩锚支护体系内力和变形的影响分析

通过某基坑工程实例,分析了冠梁水平侧向刚度对桩锚支护内力和变形的影响.结果表明,桩身最大剪力、第二道和第三道锚索轴力对冠梁水平侧向刚度不敏感,而桩身位移、桩身弯矩和第一道锚索轴力等对冠梁水平侧向刚度较敏感,其中第一道锚索轴力最敏感,其次为桩身弯矩和桩身位移.提升第一道锚索位置将显著降低桩身位移和弯矩及第一道锚索轴力对冠梁水平侧向刚度的敏感性.本文得出的一些结论对基坑工程设计有一定的指导意义.     

盾构施工时桩身参数对侧桩位移的影响

针对苏州轻轨1号线盾构隧道的施工情况,采用三维有限元数值模型,研究盾构施工对不同刚度及边长桩基的影响.结果表明:当盾构施工时,不同刚度桩身均偏向隧道移动,隧道轴线处的横向位移均最大.桩身横向位移最大值、竖向位移均随桩身刚度增大而变小,而且桩顶的竖向位移均大于桩底的竖向位移;当桩身弹性模量大于10GPa时,桩身竖向沉降减小不明显.随着桩身边长的逐渐增大,盾构施工引起的桩身最大横向位移、竖向位移、桩顶与桩底的竖向位移差均逐渐减小.盾构施工时应当监控桩基隧道轴线处横向位移及竖向沉降.     

Pasternak地基中H(t)-V受荷桩水平响应有限杆单元法分析

为探讨桩顶水平动荷载H（t）与竖向荷载V联合作用下桩基的水平响应,基于 Pasternak地基和Euler梁理论,建立了桩-土相互作用水平振动分析模型,采用改进的有限杆单元方法求解考虑P-Δ效应、土体剪切效应影响的综合刚度矩阵方程,结合桩土连续边界条件得到桩身内力与位移解答.通过与已有解析解、有限元解和模型试验的结果比较,验证了计算方法的合理性.最后,对影响桩身内力与位移的主要因素进行分析.结果表明：1）传统Winkler地基相较于Pasternak地基模型,忽略了地基土体的剪切效应,将夸大桩体结构的实际受力,使得计算得到的桩身水平位移和弯矩均大于Pasternak地基所得结果,且随着桩土弹模比Ep/Es的降低,两种地基模型计算的桩身最大水平位移和弯矩的差异性呈现出增强趋势;2） 随着桩顶竖向荷载的增加,桩身水平位移和弯矩受P-Δ效应的影响显著.当桩顶竖向荷载特征参数λ由0增至2时,桩身最大水平位移和弯矩分别提高40.85%和78.57%;3） 相较无限长桩（L>20dp）,有限长桩的水平位移和弯矩的动力响应受桩身长径比L/dp影响更大;桩身最大水平位移和弯矩随着水平简谐荷载幅值H0的增加而增大,随着无量纲频率a0的增大而减小.     

纵向和横向荷载下微倾单桩变形和内力的弹塑性解

为提高工程中桩身侧向变形较大时纵向和横向承载单桩的设计及计算水平,考虑桩身初始微倾斜及土体的弹塑性,采用矩阵计算法得到地基水平抗力系数为常数时桩身侧向变形和内力的解及桩身最大位移、最大弯矩及其所在位置的计算方法。研究结果表明:解的计算值与模型试验值较吻合;当桩顶自由时,桩身最大位移、最大弯矩及土体屈服后桩身最大弯矩距地面的距离均随桩身初始倾角的增大而增大;桩身初始微倾斜对桩身侧向响应的影响随纵向荷载的增大而增大;桩身最大位移、最大弯矩及桩身最大弯矩距地面的距离均随纵向荷载的增大而增大,且其变化速率随纵向荷载和桩身初始倾角的增大而增大,因此,土体的弹塑性、纵向荷载及桩身初始微倾斜等对桩身侧向响应的影响不容忽视。     

挡墙荷载下刚性桩复合地基承载性状研究

基于实际工程采用FLAC3D软件建立挡土墙下刚性桩复合地基的数值分析模型,分析扶壁式挡土墙的变形规律,研究桩的变形及内力特征.研究表明,各排桩的桩身水平位移与内力变化规律相似,土层参数差异对桩身内力变化具有影响作用.各排桩桩身的最大水平位移较为接近,刚性桩的存在有助于限制回填边坡滑动面的发展,桩身的水平位移增量曲线呈"勺"形;第一排桩桩顶轴力最大,第二和第三排桩的最大轴力比第一排桩的分别小14.07％、51.92％;各桩桩身弯矩曲线整体呈"弓"形,最大弯矩在桩顶附近;各排桩桩身剪力曲线变化规律呈"波浪形",并在土层交界处附近出现"波谷".     

挡墙荷载下刚性桩复合地基承载性状研究

基于实际工程采用FLAC3D软件建立挡土墙下刚性桩复合地基的数值分析模型,分析扶壁式挡土墙的变形规律,研究桩的变形及内力特征.研究表明,各排桩的桩身水平位移与内力变化规律相似,土层参数差异对桩身内力变化具有影响作用.各排桩桩身的最大水平位移较为接近,刚性桩的存在有助于限制回填边坡滑动面的发展,桩身的水平位移增量曲线呈"勺"形;第一排桩桩顶轴力最大,第二和第三排桩的最大轴力比第一排桩的分别小14.07％、51.92％;各桩桩身弯矩曲线整体呈"弓"形,最大弯矩在桩顶附近;各排桩桩身剪力曲线变化规律呈"波浪形",并在土层交界处附近出现"波谷".     

水平受荷倾斜群桩模型试验及受力机理研究

长期受水平荷载的工程涉及到倾斜桩的应用，其水平承载能力和桩周土体行为受到关注．设计了4组不同布桩方式的室内倾斜群桩水平加荷模型试验，针对6桩承台，对比分析了倾斜群桩的桩身位移、桩身内力及桩周土体变形，相较于群直桩，同向10°、对称10°和对称20°的倾斜群桩水平承载力分别提高了13.3%、28.3%和75.0%，桩顶最大水平位移依次减小了21.3%、35.6%和53.9%，倾斜群桩的桩身内力较小，侧摩阻力较大，桩顶土体水平位移最多减少了48.9%，桩底土体竖向位移最多减小了56.4%．建立了承台-倾斜群桩-土体在水平荷载作用下的精细化有限元模型，进一步分析了足尺条件下不同布桩方式倾斜群桩与土体的相互作用．直桩抵抗水平荷载的作用主要由土体沿桩身法向抗力提供，而倾斜群桩在水平荷载下产生较大的侧摩阻力，且斜桩侧摩阻力水平分量在抵抗水平荷载中发挥重要作用，对称20°倾斜群桩中侧摩阻力水平分量占比高达35%，所以其水平荷载能力更强，显著提高结构的抗侧刚度．承台与桩连接方式的改变没有影响其受力模式，刚接时桩顶存在负弯矩，更有利于减小桩身弯矩和桩顶位移．合理布置的倾斜群桩可以在水平荷载下发挥显著作用...     

围护桩顶部位移特征及内支撑刚度公式辨异

实测的桩顶水平位移差别很大 ,据此对规范将支撑刚度简化为常数提出质疑 .明确提出支撑点与跨中点围护桩支撑刚度的不同公式 ,用以冠梁不同部位桩的分析 ,包括桩顶最大与最小位移 .同时指出最大、最小水平位移关系到预估地表沉降和确定桩身配筋 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.