中国弹弦乐器柳琴的声功率级测试

柳琴是民乐队中重要的弹奏乐器之一.介绍了在混响室内对4弦29品柳琴声功率级的测量研究工作.两位资深乐师用各自的柳琴在混响室中分别以pp、mp、f和ff 4种力度演奏3个代表性的单音g、d2与g3以及音阶和乐曲.采用4个通道同步测试技术,测量柳琴分别演奏上述内容时混响室内4个传声器位置处的1/3倍频带声压级,通过平均和计算,获得柳琴在不同演奏力度下演奏不同内容时的典型平均声功率级和动态范围.考虑到与人主观听音感受的关系,建议采用柳琴在f力度下演奏音阶时的平均声功率级作为其声功率级的代表数值.     

中国传统弹奏乐器扬琴的声功率测试

扬琴是具有悠久历史的中国弹奏乐器,在民族乐队中占有重要的位置.但是迄今为止,其声功率级尚未予以测定.文中介绍了在混响室内采用多通道测试技术测量扬琴声功率及其动态范围的方法,获得了扬琴在不同演奏力度下演奏单音、音阶和乐曲时的典型声功率数值.文中建议扬琴的声功率用其以f力度演奏音阶时所辐射的声功率及其频谱来标识,扬琴声功率的动态范围用其以不同力度演奏音阶时所辐射的声功率的动态范围来标识.     

声强法在电动机噪声测试中的应用

分析了声强测量的特点、优点和有关声强测量的基本原理,并与通常的声压测量进行了比较.研究了基于双通道FFT分析仪的虚拟式声强测量系统的原理与组成.分别采用声强法和声压法对电动机辐射空气噪声声功率进行了测定.结果表明,采用声强测量技术对电机噪声进行测量分析,能够在工业现场准确地评价电机噪声声功率级,克服了传统的采用声压法测量易受环境影响而要进行数值修正的问题以及声功率测量必须在特定声学环境里测量的问题.该方法在噪声测量中有一定的优越性.     

关于纺织机械噪声评价标准的探讨

机器噪声的污染问题,日益受到世界各国的重视和关注,现在国际上对机器噪声的测量,主要采用声功率级。但用这种声功率级的评价指标尚有某些不足之处,本文拟在声功率级基础上,提出“机器噪声相对声功率系数”的概念,作为评价、比较、改进机器噪声及综合质量的补充指标,以弥补声功率级的不足。     

利用声场指数确定机床辐射声功率级测量精度的实验研究

文章对声强测量中的声场指数和有关判据进行了阐述，以Ｃ６１６Ａ－１型精密车床为对象，选择三种不同的测量条件进行了声功率级的测定．结果分析表明：采用双传声器互谱声强法测量噪声源声功率时，只要按照ＩＳＯ９６１４－１中规定的判据进一行测量，就可以达到预期精度的结果，同时还可以优化测量条件．     

透镜式聚焦压电换能器超声功率测试分析

从声学原理出发推导了作用于锥面反射靶的超声功率和辐射压力之间的关系,在此基础上设计了一种新型超声功率计,该超声功率计采用反射靶加吸收靶的结构形式,避免了反射声束之间的相互干扰.用校正螺母对该功率计进行了校准和误差分析,并采用3个不同角度的反射靶对该声功率计进行了验证.理论分析和实验表明:在0~200W的测量范围内,采用3个不同角度的反射靶测量结果基本吻合,最大相对误差为10%左右;被测量的透镜式聚焦压电换能器的电功率、声功率随着驱动电压的升高而增大,且声功率增加逐渐变缓,呈一定的非线性.     

造型机声功率级与测量方法

用声压级作为造型机的测试标准,仪器简单方便易行,但受环境影响较大。而声功率级则不受环境影响,在各种环境中几乎都是个不变量,故声功率级可以对不同机器发射的噪声进行比较,以采取不同的控噪措施。声功率级的测量,应在理想的环境中进行,但目前我国一般机器制造厂尚无此条件。我们参照IS03744～IS03746,在车间现场进行测量、并按规定的方法,对测量结果加以适当修正。我们在测量实践中,系统地分析了影响测量的因素,提出了措施建议。     

通过测量组织体模瞬时温升描述HIFU声场特征

 针对高声压下高强度聚焦超声（High Intensity Focused Ultrsound,HIFU）声场测量难题,提出通过测量组织体模中瞬时温升来描述HIFU声场特征的方法。采用水听器测量声功率为5W的HIFU声场分布;采用热电偶测量声功率为40、70、100、150、200W,辐照时间1s下HIFU作用于组织体模时的焦域温场分布,由瞬时温升■与■αi p2i 成正相关关系,得到在考虑声吸收系数改变和非线性条件下HIFU声场分布特征。结果显示,水听器测量得到的HIFU焦域径向-6dB宽度和轴向-6dB宽度,远小于通过热电偶检测得到的不同高功率下HIFU焦域径向和轴向大小;高功率下,随声功率增加,焦域径向-6dB宽度、轴向-6dB宽度逐渐增大,且温场分布图的峰值部分较尖,反映出能量比较集中。用热电偶测量组织体模焦域瞬时温升,能反映在考虑声吸收系数改变和非线性条件下HIFU声场分布特征。     

试论琵琶演奏中的灵感思维与动作思维

灵感和动作思维是琵琶演奏中两种重要的思维形式.灵感思维是大脑瞬间产生的一种创造性的认识,具有创造性、跳跃性、瞬时性等特点.它可以促进琵琶演奏技巧能力的瞬间升华,可以创造性地表现乐曲情感.动作思维将思维寓于动作之中,具有模仿性,实践性和直观性等特点.它有助于对演奏的基本动作和表观性技巧进行适当调控,有利于建立合理的"动力定型".     

琵琶演奏中的美学要求

琵琶演奏具有独特的美学效果,演奏时需做到点与线、线与点的完美结合;需表现出音韵美,还要展现出形神兼备的表演状态。笔者通过四个方面进行阐述,探讨了琵琶演奏中独特的美学要求,亦表现了琵琶这种乐器在演奏艺术上独特的音乐与文化价值。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.