纳米晶与非晶Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5结构及氢扩散系数研究

通过循环伏安法测定了纳米晶态与非晶态Mm(NiCoMnAl),贮氢合金电极中的氢扩散系数,并利用XRD、TEM和SAED对贮氢合金进行了结构表征.结果表明:纳米晶合金比非晶合金具有更高的结晶度和细小的晶粒尺寸,大量的晶界为氢原子提供了良好的扩散通道,有利于氢在合金中的扩散,提高了合金电极中氢的扩散系数.     

1123 K燃气环境中钛铝合金的氧化特征研究

研究了金属间化合物-γTiAl基合金:Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb在1 123 K燃气环境中的高温氧化特征.检测了该合金在上述氧化条件下循环氧化总计1 080 ks(300 h,15次循环)的氧化增重情况,并对其氧化层的组成和结构用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行了分析和观测.研究发现:Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb在1 123 K燃气环境中具有优异的抗氧化能力,经历1 080 ks循环氧化后试样的氧化增重小于0.01 kg.m-2,而且其氧化动力学曲线近似符合抛物线氧化增重规律.对其氧化层结构的分析和检测表明:氧化层完整致密,无剥落现象发生.研究认为,Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb在1 123 K燃气环境中所表现的较强抗氧化能力主要是合金元素Cr和Nb的添加以及外在氧化条件的影响.其中大量合金元素的存在有效地促进了保护性Al2O3氧化层的形成,有利于氧影响层的稳定存在,并阻止了该合金内氧化的发生.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金置氢动力学与氢分布规律

通过Ti-6Al-4V合金750℃条件下的置氢实验,分析了置氢过程的动力学规律,利用光学金相显微镜和二次离子质谱仪研究了保温时间对氢分布的影响规律.结果显示,Ti-6Al-4V合金置氢动力学遵循二维扩散机制,满足Valensi方程g(α)=α+(1-α)ln(1-α),氢在试样径向方向的二维扩散是置氢反应的控制步骤.置氢保温时间大于60min时,氢压趋于稳定,氢在试样径向方向的二维扩散停止,试样中心的微观组织和氢离子强度与边缘的相一致,氢均匀分布于试样当中.     

置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金组织与室温变形行为的相关性

应用压缩实验研究置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金的室温力学行为,采用OM、SEM分析了氢对钛合金组织的影响和断口形貌特征,探讨了置氢钛合金组织和室温变形行为之间的相关性.结果表明:氢的固溶强化作用使置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金硬化效应增加,但适量的氢可以显著降低其压缩屈服强度和弹性模量,且断裂时发生的变形量增加,此时合金组织为á a的双态组织,当合金中产生粗大的a晶粒时,断裂时发生的变形量显著降低;氢的加入促进了合金中斜方马氏体á″的生成;置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金的室温压缩断口为延性沿晶断裂或脆性沿晶断裂和解理型穿晶断裂两种断裂方式的混合断口.     

置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金组织演变与超塑性能

应用高温拉伸实验研究了氢对Ti-6Al-4V合金超塑变形行为的影响,借助于OM、SEM、TEM和XRD等分析手段,分析了氢对钛合金组织演变的影响. 结果表明:氢可促进合金中β相数量的增加,氢质量分数达到0.2%时合金出现马氏体组织,并随着氢含量的增加而逐渐粗化;适量的氢可以改善钛合金超塑变形行为,如降低流动应力和超塑变形温度、提高应变速率敏感指数m值;Ti-6Al-4V合金加入质量分数0.1%的氢,其峰值流动应力降低53%,变形温度降低约60℃,且由于氢的加入,使得超塑变形后的位错密度减少,说明氢促进了位错的运动.     

Ce对Fe-Cr-Al合金抗高温氧化性能的影响

用不连续称重法研究了添加Ce(0.2%wt)对Fe-27Cr-7Al合金1000℃氧化动力学的影响.用X射线,扫描电镜研究了Ce(0.2%wt)对Fe-27Cr-7Al合金1000℃下氧化膜的生长和形貌的影响.结果表明,添加Ce(0.2%wt)明显降低了Fe-27Cr-7Al合金的高温氧化速率.在氧化初期,添加Ce促进了θ-Al2O3的生成,并使之迅速转变为α- Al2O3.Ce的添加可以使氧化膜更为平整.     

Fe对氢在无序态和有序态Ni3Fe合金中扩散的影响

研究阴极渗氢时Fe的化学计量比对氢原子在无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金中扩散的影响.在相同渗氢条件下,随着Fe含量的增加,渗氢后无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金的拉伸延伸率逐渐增加,断口上的沿晶断口深度逐渐减小.时间滞后法计算结果表明,在相同渗氢条件下,随着Fe含量的增加,氢在无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金中的表观扩散系数和表观扩散激活能逐渐减少.在相同条件下,氢在无序态Ni₃Fe合金中的扩散系数大于氢在有序态Ni₃Fe合金中的扩散系数.     

CF钢及其氢行为的电子理论研究

应用余氏理论(EET)对CF钢及其氢介入后的价电子结构参数进行计算分析,研究了主要合金元素Cr、Mn、Mo对CF钢的强韧性能及氢在其中扩散聚集行为的影响,对解析CF钢的物理本质做出新的探索.研究结果表明,合金元素的加入使CF钢在具有高强度的同时,保持了较高韧性,并且Cr、Mn、Mo对合金的强化作用依次递增,随着合金元素种类增多,强化作用更加显著.同时含碳合金结构单元对氢表现为排斥效果,其晶胞自身作为一种强障碍妨碍氢穿过,无碳合金晶胞是氢的强陷阱,降低了氢的扩散速度,这是CF钢焊接裂纹敏感性低的重要原因.提出参量Bh和nHT,前者描述了含碳结构单元抵御氢进入的能力,后者描述了当氢进入后,晶胞出现脆化的程度.这对利用EET理论研究氢对材料的影响提供了新的价电子结构参数.     

一种高性能铁基纳米晶合金的软磁性能研究

在Finemet合金FeSiNbBCu系列的基础上,设计了Fe75.9Cu1Si13B8Nb1.5Mo0.5Dy0.1合金铁芯,用于研究铁芯的软磁性能.结果表明:Fe75.9Cu1Si13B8Nb1.5Mo0.5Dy0.1的工业化非晶合金带材在铸态下为完全的非晶态结构,真空退火后在非晶基体上析出了α-Fe纳米晶相.Fe...     

Ti-47Al-1.5Cr-0.5Mn-2.8Nb合金高温力学性能应变速率敏感性及机制分析

在温度1123～1273K和应变速率5×10-5～5×10-3s-1范围内,研究了具有复相组织的Ti-47Al-1.5Cr-0.5Mn-2.8Nb合金拉伸性能的应变速率敏感性.发现提高应变速率或降低温度均可使合金的延伸率下降、强度增加,不同温度下拉伸强度与应变速率对数之间存在线性关系;利用热激活理论不仅解释了这一关系,还获得了应变速率方程,指出控制合金拉伸形变的微观机制是原子扩散过程.形变亚结构透射电镜观察证实该微观机制是位错攀移     

Macrosegregation and the underlying mechanism in Ti-6.5Al-1.0Cr-0.5Fe-6.0Mo-3.0Sn-4.0Zr alloy

A novel method for the analysis of composition distribution of titanium alloys over a large area(64 mm × 72 mm) was investigated by exploring the original position statistic distribution based on spark spectrum(OPA-SS) in Ti-6.5 Al-1.0 Cr-0.5 Fe-6.0 Mo-3.0-Sn-4.0 Zr titanium alloy. The results showed that OPA-SS could characterize the distribution of elements in different positions on the titanium alloy. The macrosegregation of Sn was the most pronounced, with a statistic segregation degree higher than 18%; the macrosegregation of Mo followed with a statistic segregation degree of 10%; the macrosegregation of Al and Fe was relatively milder,lower than 8%. The main reason for the macrosegregation state of the as-cast Ti-6.5 Al-1.0 Cr-0.5 Fe-6.0 Mo-3.0 Sn-4.0 Zr alloy can be the solute redistribution during liquid solidification and the diffusion rate of each element in the solid phase.     

制备Ti-Al基合金的粉末冶金新工艺

本文设计了一种制备 Ti-48A1-2Cr-2Nb(at％)合金的粉末冶金方法。首先采用非自耗电弧熔炼炉炼制出较脆的富铝 Ti-54 A1-2.25 Cr-2.25 Nb(at％)合金,然后机械破碎成—200目的粉末。在合金粉末中按比例加入—200目Ti粉,调到所需成分。混合粉末首先经CIP成形,然后经HIP固结成致密体。后续热处理使成分均匀和获得理想的微观组织。本文还重点研究了后续热处理工艺对合金的微观组织与力学性能影响。     

几种钴基合金在Na2SO4—K2SO4混合盐中高温腐蚀行为

本文对Co-30Cr、Co-30Cr-4Al、Co-25Cr-10Ni-4Al-5Ta-0.5Y3种合金在900℃与Na_2SO_4-K_2SO_4混合盐接触条件下的腐蚀进行了研究。结果表明,内硫化-内氧化是主要的破坏形式。Co-30Cr合金腐蚀程度最严重,富铬的内硫化物深入合金基体很深的部位。Co-30Cr-4Al合金中观察到一层细小的富铝内氧化物,通过35S放射性同位素示踪技术探测到了硫对合金基体的侵入。Co-25Cr-10Ni-4Al-5Ta-0.5Y合金中观察到少量富铝的内氧化物,且同时出现钽的富集。     

快凝Al-Si-Fe-Mn合金摩擦磨损性能研究

对采用快速凝固技术工艺制备的Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ合金与Ａｌ－１７Ｓｉ－０．５Ｍｎ和Ａｌ－７Ｓｉ－１．３Ｆｅ－０．５Ｍｇ铸态合金进行了摩擦磨损试验,并对几种合金摩擦磨损行为进行了研究,试验结果表明,快凝Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ合金比其它铸态合金的耐磨性明显增加。     

Fe3Al基合金在模拟汽车尾气气氛中的腐蚀行为

研究了Fe-28Al-5Cr,Fe-28Al-5Cr-0.5Nb-0.1C合金及其采用钨极氩弧焊接的Fe3Al基合金焊缝,在模拟汽车尾气气氛中的腐蚀行为,分析了腐蚀产物的组成及形成机理,并与目前在汽车尾气系统应用的A3央钢及1Cr18Ni9不锈钢进行对比,结果表明,由于在实验条件下Fe3Al基合金及其焊缝表面形成了一层致密的Al2O3氧化膜,与不锈钢相同,显示出优良的抗蚀性能,与此相对比,由于A3钢表面形成疏松的Fe2O3膜容易剥落,而使腐蚀加剧。     

VAR熔炼TiAl铸锭的成分分布及显微偏析

 采用XRD、SEM和化学成分分析等方法,分析了VAR二次熔炼获得的Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb铸锭的成分分布、微观组织及显微偏析,研究了其形成的规律。结果表明,沿铸锭径向,Al元素在R/2处质量分数最高,边缘及中心质量分数较低,Cr元素由边缘向中心质量分数逐渐增多,Nb元素从铸锭边缘到中心质量分数逐渐减少;沿铸锭轴向,Al元素自底部到顶部质量分数逐渐降低,Cr元素分布遵循正偏析元素规律,Nb元素偏析规律与Al元素相似。铸锭大部分区域为由α₂+γ片层团及晶界处少量等轴状γ相组成的近全片层组织,在铸锭中心偏上的区域存在由(α₂+γ)片层团组成的全片层结构。铸锭中显微偏析主要存在于片层团交界处,其中Cr元素的显微偏析比较严重。     

Static coarsening of titanium alloys in single field by cellular automaton model considering solute drag and anisotropic mobility of grain boundaries

Static coarsening is an important physical phenomenon that influences microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. How to simulate this process effectively has become an important topic which needs to be dealt with. In this paper, a new cellular automaton (CA) model, which considers the effect of solute drag and anisotropic mobility of grain boundaries, was developed to simulate static grain coarsening of titanium alloys in the beta-phase field. To describe the effect of the drag caused by different solute atoms on coarsening, their diffusion velocities in beta titanium were estimated relative to that of titanium atoms (Ti). A formula was proposed to quantitatively describe the relationship of the diffusion velocity of Ti to that of solute atoms; factors influencing the diffusion velocity such as solute atom radius, mass, and lattice type were considered. The anisotropic mobility of grain boundaries was represented by the parameter c0, which was set to 1 for a fully anisotropic effect. These equations were then implemented into the CA scheme to model the static coarsening of titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V, Ti17 (Ti-5Al-4Mo-4Cr-2Sn-2Zr, wt%), TG6 (Ti-5.8Al-4.0Sn-4.0Zr-0.7Nb-1.5Ta-0.4Si-0.06C, wt%) and TA15 (Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V, wt%) in the beta field. The predicted results, including coarsening kinetics and microstructural evolution, were in good agreement with experimental results. Finally, the effects of time, temperature, and chemical composition on grain coarsening and the limitations of the model were discussed.     

Inter-phase selective corrosion of γ-TiAl alloy in molten salt environment at high temperature

Hot corrosion behavior of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy in molten salt environment of 75%Na_2SO_4 and 25%NaCl(mass fraction) at 800℃was studied using oxidation kinetics analysis,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray energy dispersive and X-ray diffraction analyses.The inter-phase selective corrosion,which caused the corrosion pits initiated from lamellar interfaces and the preferential corrosion ofα_2 phases,was observed during the hot corrosion of the alloy.The common controls of thermodynamic and kinetics in corr...     

Effect of Zr addition on the stability of precipitated Laves phase and mechanical properties of Fe–Cr–Al-based alloys at high temperatures

The effect of a small amount of Zr addition on the temperature-dependent stability of Laves phase particles and mechanical properties of Fe-13.5Cr-4.73Al-2.07Mo-(0.34–0.5)Nb-(0.65–0.98)Ta-(0–0.33)Zr (wt. %) ferritic alloys was investigated in the present study. The designed alloy ingots were hot-rolled, aged at 1073 ?K for 24 ?h, and then re-treated at 1273 ?K, 1323 ?K, 1373 ?K, and 1473 ?K for 1 ?h, respectively. It was found that the Zr addition could not only stabilize the Fe₂M Laves phase (M ?= ?Mo,Nb,Ta,Zr) to a much higher temperature, but also induce the formation of stable Fe₂₃Zr₆ phase. The high-temperature (HT) microstructural stability of the alloys significantly was improved, as evidenced by the fact that a certain amount (0.66–1.19%) of precipitates (Fe₂M, Fe₂₃Zr₆, and core(Fe₂₃Zr₆)-shell(Fe₂M)-structured particles) with an appropriate size (～1.0 ?μm) uniformly distributed in the ferritic matrix even after being re-treated at 1473 ?K. Particularly, the formation of core-shell-structured particles at HTs was studied from the viewpoint of both solid solubility and diffusion coefficient of M in the matrix. All these aged alloys exhibited prominent mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperatures, showing high yield strength with σ_YS ?= ?490–560 ?MPa at room-temperature and σ_YS ?= ?80–85 ?MPa at 1073 ?K. The strengthening effect was further discussed in light of various strengthening mechanisms, and the calculated strength are in good agreement with the experimental results.