南海生物礁碳酸盐台地演化

 南海碳酸盐台地分布自早中新世开始发育，至中中新世达到鼎盛，再到晚中新世大量台地被淹没而逐渐消亡。从分布看，南海碳酸盐台地具有南早北晚、东早西晚的发育规律；从堆积速率看，中中新统速率最大。控制这些台地的诞生、发育演化和消亡的因素十分复杂，可能包括构造活动、相对海平面的变化、陆源碎屑物质输入变化、古海洋环境变化。     

南海海盆演变与深部海流

 南海在距今34 Ma之前的始新世从陆地变为海洋,古水深不断加深,至距今24 Ma之前的中新世/渐新世之交,由于T60构造运动,南海海盆整体进入深海环境。但是,自中新世以来随着吕宋岛弧向欧亚板块碰撞,南海海盆的半封闭程度在距今10.0、6.5、3.0和1.2 Ma之前加剧,导致南海深部海水只能来自巴士海峡海槛深度2600 m以浅的太平洋。此后,巴士海峡两侧的南海与太平洋深部海水交换,由于全球海平面变化,呈现冰期/间冰期模式。     

滇黔桂低温成矿域基底岩石的锆石年代学研究

陇要超基性岩的变质岩捕虏体,为探讨滇黔桂低温成矿域的基底岩石组成提供了极佳的线索．初步的碎屑锆石SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS年代学研究显示,原岩沉积时代的下限约为430Ma,相当于晚志留世一早泥盆世,该组锆石可能主要来源于盆地南侧坍塌的早古生代晚期（广西期）造山带;沉积物源区地壳可能主要存在-430Ma,-520Ma,-770Ma,-860Ma,-960Ma,-1100Ma和-2500Ma等七组地壳或再循环地壳组分;对于深厚覆盖区之下的基底岩石类型及其性质,深源岩石包体能够提供其他研究对象无法提供的直接证据．     

神木邱家鄢最高阶地的年代及对中游黄河演化的指示

通过详细的野外调查,发现陕西神木邱家鄢地区存在一古河流阶地,根据该阶地上覆晚第三系红粘土推测该阶地为晚第三纪形成的。对该阶地上覆地层进行调查表明,该区晚第三纪红粘土之下存在约53米的风成砂层和河流相砂层。对红粘土和粉砂层进行古地磁测年样品的采集和测试。古地磁研究结果表明,该剖面底部的年代约在6．8 Ma左右,而红粘土与粉砂层之间的界限在6．27 Ma。根据深度－年代之间的关系,推算得出底部粉砂层的沉积速率比上部红粘土的沉积速率要快10倍以上,结合区域气候变化和构造运动历史的研究,邱家鄢剖面在（6．8－6．27）Ma之间快速沉积粉砂层的来源可能是中游黄河的河漫滩,指示了山陕峡谷段南北流向的古黄河可能在中新世晚期的6．8 Ma以前已经在该区出现。     

南海沉积物中的正构烷烃和多环芳烃的分布及来源

重点研究南海沉积物中烃类化合物的有机地球化学特征，讨论了南海沉积物中有机物质的分布和来源，其中正构烷烃分布在Ｃ１６－Ｃ３３奇偶优势不明显，结合其轻重比值，显示有机质的输入在大部分站位以海洋源为主，在一些站位陆源输入的贡献也比较明显，海源输入中又以藻类等有机碎屑的贡献最大，在南海沉积物中共检出６０余种环芳烃，高环化合物（四环和五环）的总含量明显高于其他组分，一些陆源特征标志物如惹烯，烷基屈等化合物被     

南海南部晚第三纪放射虫缺失事件及古海洋学意义

定量分析了南海南部ODP184航次1143站位12Ma以来沉积物中的放射虫.结果显示自晚中新世以来放射虫丰度有三个演化阶段,在时间上与西太平洋暖池的形成及盛衰变化很好的对应.其中5.96—3.3Ma放射虫缺失,硅藻也完全消失,但钙质生物的变化并不显著.这一放射虫缺失事件在时间上与巴拿马海道和印尼海道的关闭接近,故被认为是由于巴拿马海道和印尼海道的逐渐关闭,大洋环流重组,经历晚中新世的"生物勃发"时期,海水中营养大量消耗,同时期太平洋暖池减弱,东亚季风强度弱,影响到表层放射虫生产力.生物硅溶解作用及强烈的构造运动均对放射虫丰度产生了一定的影响.     

黄河源头区碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

利用LA-ICP-MS分析技术,对黄河源头区沉积物碎屑锆石进行U-Pb年代学研究,据此分析黄河源头区地壳物质的来源．结果显示,黄河沉积物碎屑锆石年龄主要分布于以下区间：200-230Ma、240-320Ma、350-490Ma、1700-2000Ma和2300-2650Ma,少量碎屑锆石年龄分布于700-900Ma．分析表明,1700-2000Ma和2300-2650Ma的碎屑锆石主要来自于华北块体;350-490Ma的碎屑锆石主要来自于东昆仑造山带、祁连造山带、柴达木板块和秦岭造山带;240-320Ma的碎屑锆石主要来自于东昆仑造山带和柴达木板块北缘;200-230Ma的碎屑锆石来自于区域内出露的印支期花岗岩．由于黄河源头区沉积物主体反映了松潘-甘孜造山带西部三叠系沉积物的组成,因此,碎屑锆石年龄结构指示该区三叠系沉积物主要来自于华北块体、东昆仑造山带、柴达木板块、祁连造山带和秦岭造山带,无明显扬子块体和大别造山带地壳物质的加入．松潘-甘孜造山带西部与东北部在沉积物源组成上具有较好的一致性,反映它们属于同一个沉积中心．     

准噶尔盆地东北部DB1井中生界碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年

对准噶尔盆地东北部Db1井中生界晚三叠世-中晚侏罗世三组砂岩样品,共计199颗锆石进行了显微结构和LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年分析.根据锆石矿物特征,阴极发光图像和年龄分布特征,结合区域沉积古流体系的地质约束,对研究区晚三叠世-中晚侏罗世的沉积物源环境及其地质构造意义进行了讨论.结果表明:碎屑锆石主要物源可能包括准噶尔盆地内部、准北周缘造山带,碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄以较宽的时域分布在150～1 224 Ma,并在统计分布上存在4个主要的538～360 Ma,354～271 Ma,267～208 Ma,185～150 Ma年龄区间及对应的510,490,410,330,290,250,162 Ma7个峰值年龄.碎屑锆石出现162 Ma的峰值年龄,反映了燕山运动对准噶尔地区的影响.     

珠江口盆地构造演化及对沉积环境的控制作用

通过对珠江口盆地沉积物地球化学成分分析表明，大洋钻探计划（ODP）184站所揭示的主要构造沉积地层界线在珠江口盆地中亦同样存在，其元素在32，23．9，16Ma时存在明显的突变，界线十分明显；这些陆源沉积物成分的变化是构造运动造成源区发生改变的直接证据．化学蚀变指数显示，珠江口盆地在32，23．9，16Ma时期存在物理风化增强而化学风化减弱的突变事件，     

新生代早期南海北部水系演变

 珠江在早渐新世仅是涉及华南沿海地区的小河；到晚渐新世，向西延伸到云贵高原前缘地带；到中新世，现代珠江流域格局初步形成。证据显示，南海北部还发育过一条源自南海西部隆起区的大型水系-昆莺琼古河，后淹没在南海之中，但在南海的沉积充填过程中扮演了重要角色。南海北部水系及沉积环境的重建，对于深刻认识南海新生代早期古地理特征以及该地区的油气勘探均具有重要意义。     

Cenozoic stratigraphy of Taiwan: Window into rifting, stratigraphy and paleoceanography of South China Sea

Shallow marine sequences of the northern South China Sea (SCS) are uplifted and exposed by plate convergence in the Taiwan mountain belt. These deposits provide detailed geological information about the rifting event, stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleoclimate and paleoceanography of the shallow SCS to compare with what are recorded in the ODP 1148 deep-sea core. Seismic surveys and marine micropalentological studies show that Eocene sequences in the offshore Taiwan Strait and onland Taiwan mountain belt are all deposited in rifting basins and are covered unconformably by the Late Oligocene-Neogene post-rifting strata. Between syn-rifting and post-rifting sequences, there is a regional break-up unconformity throughout the island. Early Oligocene and Late Eocene strata are missing along the break-up unconformity equivalent to the T7 unconformity in the Pearl River Mouth Basin off south China. This may suggest that the SCS oceanic crust could have initiated between 33 and 39 Ma. Neither obvious stratigraphic gap nor slumping features are found in the Oligocene-Miocene transition interval of Taiwan. This observation highly contrasts with what has been documented from the ODP 1148 deep-sea core. This suggests that the stratigraphic gap and slumping features could only be recorded in the SCS deep sea region, but not in the shallow shelf near Taiwan. Compared to the Middle Miocene paleoceanographic re-organization events in the SCS deep sea, the geological history of the Taiwan shallow sequence shows changes of in sedimentation and faunal composition. Due to the Antarctic glacial expansion at~14 Ma, Middle to late Miocene strata of the Western Foothills show progressive regression sedimentations associated with a decrease of benthic foraminif-eral abundance and a sharp faunal turnover event. Many Early-Middle Miocene endemic benthic foraminifers were extinct in 14-13 Ma and new benthic foraminifers of the Kuroshio Current fauna appeared from 10.2 Ma, comparable with new occurrence of Modern benthic foraminifers at 9 Ma in the Java Sea area. This reveals that the Western Boundary Kuroshio Current in the North Pacific could initiate from 10-9 Ma due to closures of the Indo-Pacific seaways by convergent tectonics between the Australian Continent and the Indonesian Arc in 12-8 Ma. Subduction of the SCS oceanic lithosphere since the Middle Miocene resulted in formation of the Hengchun Ridge accretionary prism and the North Luzon Arc. Occurrence of these two bathymetric highs ( 2400 m) since the Middle Miocene and closures of the inter-arc passages in the North Luzon arc in the last 3.5 Ma would control the water exchanges between the West Pacific and the deep SCS. Accordingly, the tectonic evolution in the Central Range-Hengchun Peninsula accretionary prism and the arc-forearc Coastal Range not only control directly the route for water exchanges between the West Pacific and the SCS, but also indirectly shows a great influence on the geochemistry of deep SCS waters. The latter is best shown by much negative carbon isotope values of benthic foraminifers in the ODP 1148 deep-sea core than the West Pacific records in the last 14 Ma.     

Opening and evolution of the South China Sea constrained by studies on volcanic rocks: Preliminary results and a research design

The South China Sea (SCS) is characterized by abundant seamounts, which provide important information about the evolution of the SCS and related deep processes. Cenozoic volcanism in the SCS and its surroundings comprises three stages relative to the spreading of the SCS:prespreading (>32 Ma), syn-spreading (32-16 Ma), and post-spreading (<16 Ma). The pre-spreading magmatism predominantly occurs on the northern margin of the SCS and in South China coastal areas and shows a bi-modal affinity. The syn-spreading magmatic activity was very limited on the periphery of the SCS, but may be concentrated in the SCS. However, seafloor samples of this stage are not available yet because of overlying thick sedimentary deposits. Post-spreading magmatism is widespread in the central and southwest sub-basins of the SCS, Hainan Island, Leizhou Peninsula, Thailand, and Vietnam. These are mainly alkali basalts with subordinate tholeiites, and display OIB-type geochemical characteristics. The Dupal isotope anomaly and presence of high-magnesian olivine phenocrysts suggests their possible derivation from the Hainan mantle plume. The temporal and spatial distribution of Cenozoic volcanism in the SCS and its surroundings may be accounted for either by plate stress re-organization before and after SCS spreading, or by ridge suction of plume flow during opening of the SCS. If the latter is the case, the volcanic rocks within the SCS basin may not be typical mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). It remains puz-zling, however, that the transition between the South China continental margin and the SCS basin does not have features typical of a volcanic rifted margin. Clearly, the relationship between mantle plume and SCS opening needs further evaluation. A better un-derstanding of the link between deep processes and opening of the SCS not only requires enhanced studies on igneous petrogene-sis, but also is heavily dependent on systematic sampling of seafloor rocks.     

Rifting process and formation mechanisms of syn-rift stage prolongation in the deepwater basin,northern South China Sea

Based on the latest seismic and geological data, tectonic subsidence of three seismic lines in the deepwater area of Pearl River Mouth Basin （PRMB）, the northern South China Sea （SCS）, is calculated. The result shows that the rifting process of study area is different from the typical passive continental margin basin. Although the seafloor spreading of SCS initiated at 32 Ma, the tectonic subsidence rate does not decrease but increases instead, and then decreases at about 23 Ma, which indicates that the rifting continued after the onset of seafloor spreading until about 23 Ma. The formation thickness ex- hibits the same phenomenon, that is the syn-rift stage prolonged and the post-rift thermal subsidence delayed. The formation mechanisms are supposed to be three： （1） the lithospheric rigidity of the northern SCS is weak and its ductility is relatively strong, which delayed the strain relaxation resulting from the seafloor spreading; （2） the differential layered independent extension of the lithosphere may be one reason for the delay of post-rift stage; and （3） the southward transition of SCS spreading ridge during 24 to 21 Ma and the corresponding acceleration of seafloor spreading rate then triggered the initiation of large-scale thermal subsidence in the study area at about 23 Ma.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘差异抬升的裂变径迹证据

目的探讨鄂尔多斯盆地西缘从南至北不同地区的差异抬升时期及抬升速率。方法利用磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹年龄的综合分析,研究盆地西缘的构造差异抬升。结果西缘北部汝箕沟地区中生代以来有两次较大的抬升时期,分别为晚白垩世和始新世,抬升速率分别为29.5 m/Ma和46.5 m/Ma。中部石沟驿地区抬升时期较早,为晚侏罗世和晚白垩世,抬升速率分别为40.0m/Ma和21.9 m/Ma。南部的差异抬升最为强烈,最早的抬升时期为晚侏罗世,在炭山地区表现明显;早白垩世末—晚白垩世南部地区发生整体抬升;中新世末期六盘山地区发生快速抬升。罗山、炭山地区相对抬升速率和后期抬升速率为46.3 m/Ma和25 m/Ma,六盘山地区则分别为22.5m/Ma和283.3 m/Ma。结论在鄂尔多斯盆地西部,最早的抬升时期为晚侏罗世,晚三叠世并没有抬升事件,故西部前陆盆地的形态始显现于晚侏罗世。西部的差异抬升导致了不同地区前陆盆地构造发展的不平衡。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中生代构造事件及其沉积响应特点

以鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造演化的区域动力学环境分析为基础,重点通过锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄数据的统计分析,提供了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造事件的年代学约束,并结合地层不整合关系和沉积建造特征讨论了中生代构造事件的沉积响应特点.讨论结果表明:印支期构造事件主要发生在230~190Ma,在盆地西南缘发育晚三叠世粗碎屑类磨拉石建造.燕山期构造事件主要发生在燕山中晚期的150~85Ma,包含145Ma±、120Ma±和95Ma±三个峰值年龄组,锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄叠合分布的峰值年龄(140~150Ma±,平均145Ma±),指示了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造演化过程中最为关键的一次构造变革事件,并在盆地西南缘发育上侏罗统芬芳河组和下白垩统志丹群等多套粗碎屑类磨拉石建造.     

Discovery of a Late Miocene mammalian fauna from Siziwang Banner,Inner Mongolia,and its paleozoogeographical significance

The Wulanhua Fauna (~7 Ma) derives from the basal part of Late Miocene red clays in Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia. Chinese red clay deposits are rich in fossils of the Hipparion fauna, and are relatively widely distributed across Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, and Gansu provinces. The Mongolian Plateau also contains well-developed Neogene deposits, especially in central Inner Mongolia, where a sequence of mammalian faunas has been identified. The discovery of the Wulanhua Fauna provides an important indicator of the paleogeographical distribution of the Hipparion fauna, and this study also contributes to a better understanding of the climatic and environmental significance of red clays. Most forms of the Wulanhua Fauna are the same as or close to taxa within the Baode Fauna. However, some forms are slightly more derived than those of the Baode Fauna, which may indicate a slightly younger geological age of about 7 Ma. The components of the Wulanhua Fauna suggest that the habitat was a typical steppe and therefore yield direct evidence to delineate the boundary between the east and west subregions of the Late Miocene Hipparion fauna in North China.     

Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records

As the third summary report of ODP Leg 184 to the South China Sea (SCS), this paper discusses the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and the SCS basin. A multi-proxy approach, involving geochemistry, micropale-ontology, pollen and other analyses, was adopted for reconstructing the evolutionary history of the East Asian monsoon, which was characterized by a series of paleo-climate events especially at 8, 3.2, 2.2 and 0.4 Ma. The new record indicates similar stages in the development of the East and South Asian monsoons, with an enhanced winter monsoon over East Asia being the major difference. The rich spectrums of monsoon variability from the southern SCS also reveal other characteristic features of the low latitude ocean. Evidence for the evolution of the SCS includes the hemipelagic Oligocene sediments, implying the existence of deep water environments during the early seafloor spreading stage of the SCS basin. The four major unconformities and some remarkabl ediagenetic features in upper Oligocene deposits indicate the strongest tectonic events in the region. From a careful comparison of lithologies and sedimentation rates, we conclude that the prominent differences in sedimentary environments between the southern and northern SCS were established only by ～3 Ma.     

晚新生代元谋盆地演化与河谷发育研究

元谋盆地是在晚新生代青藏高原与云南高原隆起过程中形成的众多断陷盆地之一,流经元度盆地的龙川江和金沙江。其河谷发育与盆地演化具有密切关系,通过对元谋盆地及其邻区的层次地貌与相关沉积的分析研究,认为,始新世晚期￣中新世晚期是夷平面形成时期,中新世晚期￣３．４０ＭａＢＰ前后是第一级剥蚀面形成时期;元谋盆地形成于３．４０ＭａＢＰ前后第一级剥蚀面解体过程中,其后盆地经历了３．４０￣１．７８ＭａＢＰ的古湖形成     

南海玄武岩：扩张洋脊与海山

 南海存在两种火山岩：洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）和洋岛玄武岩（OIB）。国际大洋发现计划（IODP）第349、367、368、368X航次在南海海盆的成功钻取,获得了南海初始扩张（~34 Ma）和停止扩张（~15-16 Ma）前的洋壳样品。南海东部、西南次海盆及北缘洋-陆过渡带代表海盆发展的不同阶段,具有不同的地幔潜能温度、物质组成和洋脊扩张速度,因此产生的洋中脊玄武岩成分差异显著。南海地区在扩张晚期及停止扩张之后存在大规模地幔上涌,与其周缘地区的持续俯冲有关,产出的海山OIB不同于地幔柱活动产生的火山链。南海虽小,但蕴含的信息异常丰富,是窥探地球深部难得的天然窗口。