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1.
深度学习技术能以端对端方式实现农作物害虫识别,克服了传统机器学习方法特征选择具有主观性以及提取特征操作繁琐等不足,但识别的准确率和鲁棒性仍有待提高。为了研究出一种快速,高效的水稻害虫识别方法,本研究以稻纵卷叶螟、三化螟、稻蝗、稻飞虱4种常见的水稻害虫为研究对象,对传统的卷积神经网络Alexnet进行优化改进。首先从自然环境以及搜索引擎上获取4种不同的水稻害虫图像,并对图像进行数量扩增和细节增强预处理。然后对传统的卷积神经网络Alexnet进行优化改进,在Alexnet模型基础上,去除原有局部响应归一化层,在每一个卷积层后加入批归一化层,并采用全局平均池化和激活函数PReLU对模型结构进行优化。结果表明:改进后的模型在害虫数据集上的识别率不低于98%,相比于原网络提升了1.96%,高于LeNet5、VGG13、VGG16等传统网络;改进后的模型的损失值稳定在0.03附近,相比于原网络降低了0.1,均低于LeNet5、VGG13、VGG16等传统网络。从实验结果来看,改进后的方法在水稻害虫分类上有较高的识别率和较好的鲁棒性,可以为农作物害虫的智能识别提供了新的思路和方法。  相似文献   
2.
Mg–Sn–Y alloys with different Sn contents (wt%) were assessed as anode candidates for Mg-air batteries. The relationship between microstructure (including the second phase, grain size, and texture) and discharge properties of the Mg–Sn–Y alloys was examined using mi-crostructure observation, electrochemical measurements, and galvanostatic discharge tests. The Mg–0.7Sn–1.4Y alloy had a high steady dis-charge voltage of 1.5225 V and a high anodic efficiency of 46.6% at 2.5 mA·cm?2. These good properties were related to its microstructure:small grain size of 3.8 μm, uniform distribution of small second phase particles of 0.6 μm, and a high content (vol%) of (11(2)0)/(10(1)0) orient-ated grains. The scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) indicated that the Sn3Y5 and MgSnY phases were effective cathodes caus-ing micro-galvanic corrosion which promoted the dissolution of Mg matrix during the discharge process.  相似文献   
3.
针对锂离子电池的容量恢复现象导致的剩余寿命预测精度不高的问题,提出了一种锂离子电池的多状态模型剩余寿命预测方法.首先通过分析锂电池的衰退数据将锂离子电池的退化过程分为正常退化、容量恢复和加速退化三种状态,然后分别对三种状态的退化过程进行建模并验证了模型的有效性,将3种状态的模型组合得到锂离子电池多状态容量衰退模型.然后基于建立的模型提出了粒子群优化粒子滤波算法,用于多状态容量衰退模型进行参数识别和状态更新.最后实现了锂离子电池的剩余寿命预测和预测结果的不确定性表达.与其他方法相比,实验结果表明:所提出方法精度更高,鲁棒性更强.  相似文献   
4.
针对无阀压电泵的输出压力小的问题,提出了一种内贴片式无阀压电泵.压电泵采用螺纹配合结构,由压电振子和螺杆组成,其中压电振予包括金属基体和压电陶瓷片.压电振子通过交流电信号形成旋转弯曲运动,与外部衬套配合形成可移动空腔运输液体.首先进行了模态理论分析,构建了水环境下的流固耦合运动方程.接着利用有限元软件对压电振子进行了模态分析.结合频率一致性和相邻干扰模态设计要求,对压电振子的结构参数进行优选.对压电振子的湿模态进行了仿真分析.结果 表明:与空气条件下相比,水环境下的振动频率较低,下降了343.7 Hz和326.4 Hz,并且频率一致性更差,这为后续压电泵研究分析打下了基础.  相似文献   
5.
高山草甸区域内道路冻胀、翻浆等病害大量发生,水分迁移是产生冻胀翻浆病害的主要原因.为了研究初始含水率、细颗粒含量及入流通量对非冻结路基土中水分迁移的影响.依托拉妥至芒康公路改建工程,进行室内试验.结果表明:当土体处于最佳含水率时,不同细颗粒含量的土样毛细水上升高度不同;在一定细颗粒含量范围内,土体总入流量及入流通量随细颗粒含量的增加而增大;当初始含水率为11%时,细颗粒含量为19%的土样总入流量随时间变化曲线表现为"S"形,而细颗粒含量为22%的土样却表现为拱形,说明土样总入流量随时间变化曲线随着细颗粒含量的增加,土样同样出现滞后现象.土体总入流量及入流通量与初始含水率成反比,总入流量随时间变化曲线由拱形变化为"S"形.结果表明高山草甸区的最低路基填筑高度控制在1.5 m以上,能有效防治路基冻胀翻浆.研究成果可对西藏高山草甸区公路建设与养护提供科学的依据和指导意义.  相似文献   
6.
针对敞开式质谱重叠峰影响待测物特征峰识别的问题,提出了基于高斯混合模型的重叠峰解析方法.根据手肘法和质谱图中各参数意义有效选取模型初始参数,然后研究了该方法在重叠峰不同幅值比、分离度和噪声下的解析效果,并对敞开式质谱实测冰毒碎片离子的重叠峰进行解析.结果 表明,模拟数据的各个参数在解析后变化较小,均值和标准偏差的最大相对误差分别为0.4%和2%;实测数据在解析后可有效识别目标谱峰并使信噪比最高可提升10.2%,该方法解析效果好并且具有抗噪声干扰能力,可用于敞开式质谱重叠峰的解析.  相似文献   
7.
利用WRF V3.9.1中尺度数值天气预报模式(mesoscale numerical weather forecast model,WRF)7种云微物理参数化方案,对2015年8月13日青藏高原那曲地区一次对流云降水过程进行数值模拟,对比分析不同云微物理参数化方案对降水、环流以及相关物理量模拟的影响.结果表明:WRF模式能够较好地模拟本次对流云降水过程,但不同云微物理参数化方案对降水、环流场等物理量的模拟有明显影响.在降水落区方面,各方案模拟的雨区范围普遍偏大,仅Lin和CAMS方案较好地模拟出那曲中部的降水中心,而对于降水量,除WSM5、Morrison和New Thompson方案模拟值偏低外,其余方案模拟结果与实况值较为一致.此外,不同云微物理参数化方案模拟的降水日变化同样存在差异,大部分方案能够再现本次降水过程的前两次降水峰值,但均未能模拟出第3次降水峰值.对于大气环流和水热物理量场,各方案也可较好地再现其基本特征,但方案间的差异不可忽视.总体来说,Lin方案对本次高原对流云降水过程降水以及环流等相关物理量的模拟效果最佳.  相似文献   
8.
This paper explores the investors’ feedback to the price change by modelling the price-related dynamics of trading intensity. A component decomposition duration modeling approach, called the component autoregressive conditional duration (CACD) model, is proposed to capture the variation of trading intensity across time intervals between price change events. Based on the CACD model, an empirical analysis is carried out on the Chinese stock market that covers different market statuses. The empirical results suggest that the CACD model can capture the price-related dynamics of trading intensity, which supports the existence of the feedback effect and is robust across different market statuses. The authors also study how the investors react to the price change by examining the driven factors of the price-related dynamics of trading intensity. The authors find that the trading can be triggered by the fast rise in the price level and the high trading volume. Besides, investors are more sensitive to the price change direction in the sideways market than in the upward or downward markets.  相似文献   
9.

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.
  相似文献   
10.
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1+ and Tim3+ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.  相似文献   
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