膜分离技术在D-核糖分离提取中的应用

采用超滤和反渗透技术对D-核糖提取工艺进行了优化.实验表明,采用截留分子量为50 000的聚醚砜超滤膜对发酵液进行超滤,通量在202～210 L·m-2·h-1.D-核糖的发酵液经超滤后,滤液质量相对于传统板框过滤得到较大提高,透光率提高2倍以上.采用反渗透技术对树脂解析液进行预浓缩是可行的,反渗透过程的通量在15 L·m-2·h-1出现拐点.通过反渗透将糖度浓缩到11%～12%比较适宜,运行成本较传统三效蒸发法降低60%以上.超滤和反渗透单元的膜通量稳定,通过简单的化学清洗可以恢复通量.     

利用陶瓷膜和超滤膜组合技术分离纯化天然牛磺酸

运用陶瓷膜和超滤膜组合技术对杂色蛤(Ruditapes philippinarum)蒸煮汤汁中的牛磺酸进行分离纯化,再经浓缩、醇沉、结晶、重结晶等步骤获得高纯度天然牛磺酸。利用高效液相色谱法测定牛磺酸纯度,并对其进行扫描电镜分析和急性毒性试验。结果显示,截留孔径为0.2 μm的陶瓷膜在平均压力0.24 MPa、平均温度 30 ℃、自然pH值下运行120 min后,平均膜通量为32.86 L /(m2·h),牛磺酸损失率为4.99%;截留分子质量为 100 ku 的超滤膜在平均压力 0.84 MPa、平均温度 30 ℃、自然pH值下运行 210 min后,平均膜通量为19.97 L /(m2·h),牛磺酸损失率为 5.51%。再经浓缩、醇沉、结晶处理后,可从10 L杂色蛤蒸煮汤汁中获得纯度为 84%的天然牛磺酸 18.87 g,重结晶后得纯度为98.7%的天然牛磺酸。扫描电子显微镜观测结果显示,天然牛磺酸晶体形态为长针状。急性毒性试验结果显示,天然牛磺酸的 LD50＞10 g/kg,属于实际无毒或无毒物质。     

超滤和纳滤集成膜技术纯化蒸汽爆破秸秆木 聚糖酶酶解液

为掌握蒸汽爆破秸秆木聚糖酶酶解液的超滤脱色和纳滤浓缩的集成膜技术,研究了两支不同截留相对分子质量的超滤膜脱除色素的工艺,测定了膜通量数据并取样检测色值和还原糖含量,得到脱色率和还原糖回收率,优选一支超滤膜用于脱色;采用截留相对分子质量为150的纳滤膜浓缩超滤工艺的透过液,提高糖液浓度.集成膜工艺的脱色率达到63.6%(对原料液的色值),总还原糖回收率达到92.1%(对原料液的还原糖),说明超滤和纳滤集成膜技术可以脱除蒸汽爆破秸秆木聚糖酶酶解液内的色素,提高糖液的浓度,并且膜通量较高.     

膜分离技术在霉酚酸提取中的应用

利用陶瓷膜和纳滤膜的组合分离技术代替板框对霉酚酸发酵液的过滤,对霉酚酸发酵液进行澄清和浓缩实验.采用陶瓷膜(0.1μm)和S-372纳滤膜技术对霉酚酸发酵液进行研究,研究了膜系统的通量、加水倍数和浓缩倍数等因素对膜分离性能的影响.在陶瓷膜加水4倍时,霉酚酸的收率可达96.5%,平均通量可达160~180 L/(m2·h);纳滤对霉酚酸的截留率和收率均达到98%,霉酚酸效价可浓缩到21 g/L,通量为25 L/(m2·h)左右,与板框滤液效价相比,提高了3.5倍.结果表明:陶瓷膜和纳滤膜的组合工艺在产品收率及产品质量方面都明显优于传统的板框过滤,具有良好的应用潜力.     

超滤膜处理P-RC APMP制浆废水

研究影响超滤膜处理预处理盘磨化学处理碱性过氧化氢机械浆(P-RC APMP)制浆废水的各种因素,得出截留分子质量(MWCO)为2万～5万超滤膜的最佳操作条件.在确定的条件下,MWCO 2万～5万的超滤膜浓缩1 m3废水,耗电量为12.88 kW.h,平均膜通量为7.23 L/(m2.h),CODCr去除率为29.01%,BOD5去除率为9.09%,截留率为15.17%,浓缩液最大总固形物含量为12.11%,体积浓缩比为40.0.超滤后P-RC APMP制浆废水的可生化性得到改善.     

多通道TiO2超滤膜的制备及其在印染废水中的应用

以多通道α-Al2O3陶瓷微滤膜为支撑体,采用溶胶凝胶法制备完整TiO2超滤膜.通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征膜的形貌,采用错流过滤方式考察膜的纯水通量、截留相对分子质量及分离性能.结果表明:制备的多通道TiO2超滤膜,其膜层表面完整,无裂缝、针孔等缺陷且厚度均匀,纯水通量为1.08×10-3L/(m2·h·Pa),截留相对分子质量为9000.对直接黑OB染料及退浆废水中聚乙烯醇(PVA)的截留率均达到99%以上,截留效果显著.     

芦荟丁蔗糖浸泡液中蔗糖的回收

为循环利用蔗糖溶液,减轻污水处理系统负荷,采用超滤、一级纳滤、二级纳滤的膜组合工艺,去除芦荟丁蔗糖浸泡液中的杂质,实现蔗糖回收。实验结果表明,超滤系统蔗糖回收率达到99%,平均通量为88 L·(m2·h)-1;一级纳滤系统的蔗糖回收率为95%,平均通量为111 L·(m2·h)-1;二级纳滤系统蔗糖的回收率为99%,平均通量为205 L·(m2·h)-1;浸泡液中的蔗糖可浓缩至30%;膜芯清洗后,可以恢复原通量,有效实现芦荟深加工的节能减排。     

超滤分离纯化麦胚蛋白酶解物的研究

采用超滤法从麦胚蛋白酶解物中初步分离纯化抗氧化活性肽,考察了操作压力、操作温度及料液浓度等工艺参数对超滤过程中膜通量的影响,并对超滤前后麦胚蛋白酶解物的相对分子质量分布、氨基酸组成及抗氧化活性进行了比较.结果表明:采用截留相对分子质量3000的聚砜膜对麦胚蛋白酶解物进行超滤分离的最适工艺条件为操作压力0.30 MPa、操作温度20 ℃、麦胚蛋白酶解物浓度35 g/L;超滤有效地除去了料液中相对分子质量较大的组分,麦胚蛋白酶解物中相对分子质量1 000～500及500～130的组分分别为23.81%、48.63%,其抗氧化活性得到提高,清除O2-·的IC50由超滤前的1.64 mg·mL-1降至超滤后的1.29 mg·mL-1.图5,表3,参13.     

“超滤/混凝-Fenton+反渗透”处理垃圾渗滤液生化出水

为降低垃圾渗滤液反渗透膜的处理负荷和运行成本,对渗滤液生化出水分别进行超滤和混凝-Fenton预处理,并对其出水进行反渗透膜污染评价。结果表明:超滤出水的膜通量由27 L/(m~2·h)降至14 L/(m~2·h),混凝-Fenton则由40 L/(m~2·h)降至30 L/(m~2·h);超滤出水的脱盐率仅有50%左右,混凝-Fenton则稳定在80%以上,后期略有下降;混凝-Fenton出水的COD去除率由72.6%逐渐上升至90.4%,超滤出水的COD去除率则由89.3%下降至76.1%;反渗透对两种处理的浊度去除率均达到90%以上。可见混凝-Fenton对水样的预处理效果优于超滤的,并能削弱浓差极化现象,提升反渗透的处理性能。"混凝-Fenton+反渗透"深度处理渗滤液是一种有效降低反渗透膜负荷、延长膜运行周期的组合工艺。     

超滤对苜蓿蛋白酶解物抗氧化性的影响

采用超滤法从苜蓿可溶性蛋白酶解物中初步分离纯化抗氧化活性肽.考察操作压力、操作温度及料液质量浓度对超滤过程中膜通量的影响,并对超滤前后苜蓿可溶性蛋白酶解物的相对分子质量分布、氨基酸组成及抗氧化活性进行比较.结果表明:采用截留相对分子质量3 000的聚砜膜对苜蓿可溶性蛋白酶解物进行超滤分离的最适工艺条件为操作压力0.35 Mpa、操作温度25 ℃、苜蓿可溶性蛋白酶解物质量浓度35 g/L;超滤有效地除去了料液中相对分子质量较大的组分,相对分子质量 1 000～500,500～130及130以下的组分分别从21.85%,21.64%和4.91%提高到27.91%,30.83%和7.61%,其抗氧化活性也得到提高.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.