专利侵权制度的私权保护及公权矫正

专利权是私权,对其的法律规制本应适用私法的一般原理。但是专利制度又关涉社会公众的公共利益,甚至关涉到整个社会的福利增进,法律必须对其施加必要的干预,体现为专利制度必须始终在私权自治和公权干预之间求得平衡,以最大限度地发挥鼓励创新、促进社会科技进步的根本宗旨。为规制具有公共产品属性的专利技术的生产和利用,传统民事侵权理论得到了适度的政策性矫正。     

专利侵权制度的私权保护及公权矫正

专利权是私权,对其的法律规制本应适用私法的一般原理。但是专利制度又关涉社会公众的公共利益,甚至关涉到整个社会的福利增进,法律必须对其施加必要的干预,体现为专利制度必须始终在私权自治和公权干预之间求得平衡,以最大限度地发挥鼓励创新、促进社会科技进步的根本宗旨。为规制具有公共产品属性的专利技术的生产和利用,传统民事侵权理论得到了适度的政策性矫正。     

数字技术与专利制度的创新互动机理及其规则研究

数字技术的更新迭代促使了专利制度的变革,专利制度的变革进一步激励和保护了数字技术的持续创新,两者在创新的导向下共生演化,相互作用与影响。在数字技术内涵和创新特征阐述的基础上,揭示数字技术与专利制度的互动效应,总结出数字技术对专利制度产生内在联系的两种类型分别是数字产品创新和数字模式创新,指出专利制度对于数字技术专利授权适应性调整的重点,在于确定技术问题后技术方案的创造性判断,提出及时改进专利审查标准和合理配置国际和国内的专利审查资源以促进数字技术创新。     

专利制度中的信息技术应用研究

专利制度是一定历史阶段的产物,是随着商品经济的发展而产生、发展起来的.数百年来,专利制度在有效配置科技创新资源,提高创新的起点和水平,加快创新成果产业化进程,提高国民经济整体素质和国际竞争力等方面发挥了积极而又重要的作用.随着经济全球化趋势的不断增强,拥有专利权的数量和质量以及运用专利制度的能力和水平已成为衡量一个国家和地区市场竞争力、综合实力的重要指标.     

专利制度的利益平衡分析

专利制度是一个利益平衡的产物,它从诞生之日起就存在争议. 笔者用整合法律价值冲突的思维方式和角度对专利制度进行了利益平衡的分析,阐明专利权制度在保护专利权人的同时兼顾社会公共利益,在激发人们进行发明、科技创新的同时,兼顾市场公平竞争秩序的维持.     

浅议城市道路排水系统的设计与研究

影响道路使用性能和使用寿命的一个非常重要的因素就是道路排水是否通畅。随着城市化进程的加速,城市人口的增加,社会经济的发展使得城市不断的向周边扩散。全新的混凝土式的建筑是新型城市的标志,城市内地表可以利用的土地资源越来越少,为了使道路交通设计更为合理和通畅,合理利用地下和地表排水系统是非常有必要的。     

专利申请中遗传资源来源公开问题系列研究(二)--部分国家和地区立法与TRIPS规则的关系分析

随着生物多样性公约(CBD)的生效和实施,国际社会开始考虑如何通过各项措施切实保护遗传资源和传统知识,发展中国家提出了应在专利制度中增加有关遗传资源及相关传统知识来源公开要求的主张.遗传资源来源公开要求与TRIPS规则的关系甚密,应结合社会、经济等因素的主张来理解TRIPS.尽管增加遗传资源来源公开的要求存在与TRIPS规则有所冲突的质疑,但若将专利制度放在社会大背景下来考察,此主张仍具有其自身的合理性.     

创新驱动发展下国防专利权属问题研究

我国知识产权制度建立时间较短,存在许多需要进一步完善的地方,在创新驱动发展战略将要展开实施的大背景下,特别是国防专利制度面临着新一轮改革。创新驱动发展必然需要一套完善合理的国防专利制度,而现有国防专利制度存在许多问题,明显不能满足这样的发展需要,特别是国防专利制度面临的权利归属问题,因为其是解决其他一切问题的基础,所以在创新驱动发展战略中显得尤为突出。本文从国防专利权的立法制度和其自身矛盾性两个方面论述国防专利权权利归属不明问题的原因并提出针对性建议,从而促进相关立法的完善,更好地发挥知识产权在创新驱动发展中的鼓励机制。     

发挥专利制度作用加大专利工作力度

专利制度是知识产权重要组成部分,专利的竞争已成为国际间科技竞争、经济竞争的一个制高点,专利拥有量是衡量一个国家和地区的国际竞争力、综合国力的重要指标.实行专利制度是我国体制创新和科技创新的重要内容,是实行改革开放的重大举措.     

创新驱动发展背景下广东省专利导航产业的发展路径

广东经济正在向形态更高级、分工更复杂、结构更合理的阶段演化,经济发展进入新常态。随着科学技术日益成为推动经济社会发展的主要力量,创新驱动将成为今后一个时期经济提质增效、持续健康发展的重要依托和动力源泉。专利制度是促进科技进步和创新的一项制度,开展专利导航试点工程,是国家知识产权局运用专利制度来提升产业创新驱动发展能力的有力举措。在当前经济新常态背景下,广东积极响应国家专利导航试点工程,加强专利、技术创新与产业发展的融合,将为贯彻实施创新驱动发展战略、努力建设知识产权强省提供强有力的支撑和保障。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…