梭鱼(Mugil so-iuy Basilewsky)胚胎发育的初步观察

从梭鱼人工繁殖所获之受精卵中,取得胚胎发育的观察材料。卵的直径约0.95毫米,具单个油球,油球的直径0.45—0.5毫米、受精卵在盐度为8—10‰的流水中孵化。水温在16.8—22℃的范围内,受精后1小时15分,开始第一次分裂;6小时,形成囊胚;10小时左右,出现胚环;24小时左右,原口闭合,胚体具有2—3对体节。受精后48小时,胚体脱膜而出,从而结束了胚胎发育阶段。孵出当天的鱼苗,长2.5毫米。     

暗纹东方鲀胚胎发育的观察

详细记叙了暗纹东方　胚胎发育各阶段的形态特征及早期发育的生物学资料．暗纹东方　的卵为沉性卵，入水后具粘性，其粘度与受精效果有关．卵径为１．１１８～１．２７４ｍｍ，具油球２８０～３９０个，油球径为０．０２６～０．０７８ｍｍ．作者采用连续法对受精卵的发育进行观察．在水温１８．７～２１．２℃时，受精卵历时１３９ｈ１０ｍｉｎ开始孵出仔鱼．其发育过程划分为３５个时期．本研究可为开展暗纹东方　的人工育苗提供必要的参考资料．     

舟山近海鮸鱼胚胎和早期仔鱼的发生及与盐度的关系

2005年10月,在浙江华兴海水种苗有限公司舟山大沙基地,对舟山近海鮸鱼胚胎和早期仔鱼的发生及盐度对其发育的影响进行了连续观察,并较为详细地描述了舟山近海鮸鱼胚胎和早期仔鱼发育各期的形态特征。结果表明:受精卵为圆球形,透明,油球1个位于卵中央,卵径1 000μm左右,油球直径330μm左右。在水温22～23℃、盐度26.6时,孵化时间约22.5 h;初孵仔鱼,肌节约32对,全长2 075μm,心跳116次/min;孵出后第3天开始开口,第5天卵黄囊完全消失,第7天油球完全消失。在盐度10.0～50.0范围内,鮸鱼胚胎发育的快慢无显著差异,均在22.5～23 h之间。胚胎在此盐度范围内都能孵出仔鱼,但盐度对孵化后仔鱼成活及畸形率影响较大,孵化率与盐度变化呈正抛物线形分布,畸形率呈反抛物线形分布。     

澳洲宝石斑鱼的胚胎发育

采用体视解剖镜、显微镜对澳洲宝石斑鱼的胚胎发育进行观察,描述了各个发育时期的主要形态特征.结果显示:(1)宝石斑鱼的卵和受精卵较小,受精卵径平均1.5mm;(2)受精卵吸水后呈圆形,为浮性卵;(3)胚胎卵黄囊表面有一个大的圆形脂肪球;(4)在水温23-29℃条件下,受精卵历时24 h脱膜孵出仔鱼,再经3.5 d开口摄食,转入混合营养时期;(5)胚胎发育主要经历卵裂期、囊胚至原肠期、神经胚期、器官形成期和孵出期5个主要时期.     

鲈鲤胚胎发育特征观察

观察了水温（18±0．5）℃条件下,鲈鲤[Percocypris pingi pingi（ T chang ）]的胚胎发育特征。结果显示：成熟鲈鲤卵呈球形、桔黄色,为粘性卵,卵径2．2mm,卵膜遇水膨胀后,最大外膜径达3．2-3．8mm。受精卵在水温（18±0．5）℃条件下,受精2h28min后开始第1次卵裂,受精后45h23min开始形成器官,受精后126h28min孵出仔鱼。初孵仔鱼全长为10．4mm,卵黄囊大而侧扁。根据胚胎发育过程的形态特征,可将鲈鲤胚胎发育过程分为受精卵、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官发生和出膜7个连续阶段。32个时期。     

唇(鱼骨)(♀)×花(鱼骨)(♂)杂交子一代胚胎发育

以唇(鱼骨)为母本,花为父本进行属内远缘杂交,观察和记录了杂交F1受精卵胚胎发育情况,具体描述了各个时期的形态特征.结果表明,受精卵为粘性卵,卵径为2.50～2.80 mm,在水温在(20±1)℃条件下,受精后55 rain,胚盘形成;1 h 35 min,细胞开始分裂,进入卵裂期;5 h 05 min,囊胚层形成,进入囊胚期;10 h 30 min,胚层下包,形成胚环,进入原肠期;17 h 25 min,神经板形成,胚体侧卧,进入神经胚期;19 h 15 min,胚孔关闭,进入胚孔封闭期;22 h 25 min,进入器官形成期;94 h 10 min,仔鱼开始出膜.研究认为唇(鱼骨)(♀)×花(鱼骨)(♂)杂交F1受精卵与母本胚胎发育时序和形态特征基本相似.     

暗纹东方Tun胚胎发育的观察

详细记叙了暗纹东方Ｔｕｎ胚胎发育各阶段的形态特征及早期发育的生物学资料，暗纹东方Ｔｕｎ的卵为沉性卵，入水后具粘性，其粘度与受精效果有关。卵径为１．１１８－１．２７４ｍｍ，具油球２８０－３９０个，油球径为０．０２６－０．０７８ｍｍ。作者采用连续法对受精卵的发育进行观察。     

唇(♀)×花(♂)杂交子一代胚胎发育

以唇为母本,花为父本进行属内远缘杂交,观察和记录了杂交F1受精卵胚胎发育情况,具体描述了各个时期的形态特征。结果表明,受精卵为粘性卵,卵径为2.50~2.80 mm,在水温在(20±1)℃条件下,受精后55 min,胚盘形成;1 h 35 min,细胞开始分裂,进入卵裂期;5 h 05 min,囊胚层形成,进入囊胚期;10 h 30 min,胚层下包,形成胚环,进入原肠期;17 h 25 min,神经板形成,胚体侧卧,进入神经胚期;19 h 15 min,胚孔关闭,进入胚孔封闭期;22 h 25 min,进入器官形成期;94 h 10 min,仔鱼开始出膜。研究认为唇(♀)×花(♂)杂交F1受精卵与母本胚胎发育时序和形态特征基本相似。     

中国鲎胚胎发育研究

利用人工授精技术孵化中国鲎，详细观察研究中国鲎胚胎早期发育过程的形态变化特点及其规律。中国鲎的胚胎早期发育可分为卵裂和囊胚形成期（所需时间约6d）、原肠胚和附肢原基形成期（约11d）、组织分化期（约17d）、快速生长期（约16d）。在组织分化期，胚体共进行3次胚内蜕皮，并在第2次蜕皮的同时卵胶膜破裂蜕去，完成3次胚内蜕皮的胚体身体扁平，各组织器官基本成型定位。在快速生长期内，胚体完成最后一次胚内蜕皮，蜕皮后胚体进一步扁平，各组织器官进一步完善。第4次蜕皮后3－5d时间胚体破坏内卵膜而孵化为自由游泳的一龄幼鲎，开始胚后发育。孵化的一龄幼鲎大约经过180d的发育蜕去旧壳成为二龄幼鲎。     

卵黄囊期鲻鱼仔鱼发育及垂直分布特征研究

利用激素注射和人工繁殖技术获得的鲻鱼受精卵,对卵黄囊期仔鱼的发育和水层垂直分布变化进行了观察。结果表明:(1)23℃水温下,初孵仔鱼平均全长2.65±0.18 mm,卵黄球长径0.96±0.24 mm,油球直径0.38±0.12 mm,卵黄球在孵化后第5天消失,油球为第10天完全吸收;(2)不同水深(20、40、60 cm)对鲻鱼的孵化率影响显著(P0.05),但对卵黄囊期仔鱼的死亡率影不显著(P0.05);(3)孵化后的第3天和第8天,仔鱼在水层中发生向下迁移变化,并伴随2个死亡高峰。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.