掺有定形相变胶囊的储能墙体传热性能数值研究

为了充分发挥相变墙体的调温节能效果,以掺有定形相变胶囊的储能墙体及其构成的相变房间为对象,并考虑室内空气的热响应,建立相变墙体及房间的传热理论模型.采用显热容法模拟了在周期性变化的室外边界条件下,相变储能墙体内的传热过程及室内空气的温度变化.计算结果表明:储能墙体中的相变胶囊含量是影响室内空气温度衰减的重要因素之一.相变材料最佳相变中心温度宜尽量接近墙体相变层中心温度,相变温度波动幅度的大小仅影响室内空气温度的波动区间,而对振荡的平衡温度影响较弱.     

夏热冬冷地区相变石膏板相变特性的模拟

基于焓法数值模型,利用Fluent软件模拟定形相变石膏板(PCP)在不同保温位置及不同相变温度时传热的热流密度及内表面温度情况,分析适用于夏热冬冷地区PCP的参数、不同相变温度与放置位置对外墙的隔热性能的影响。结果表明:相变材料最适宜的相变温度为27℃,在此相变温度下,同一时刻的内、外侧位置的内表面最大温差为0.9℃;相变温度为27℃的墙体比普通墙体约节能27.6%,此时相变材料潜热利用率为38.7%。     

相变材料在集装箱建筑夏季隔热中的性能研究

集装箱无蓄能围护结构箱体能耗和室内温度波动都较大,传统的围护结构设计方法无法将室内温度有效维持在舒适的温度区间内.将相变储能技术合理地应用于集装箱围护结构设计中能够大大提升其热工性能并有效地调整室内的温度波动.以微胶囊相变材料为例,通过利用Design Builder软件模拟分析法研究建筑内扰、相变层设计等影响参数对其调温性能的影响规律,分析相变材料在集装箱箱体复合围护结构中的适应性设计方法,可知集中在白天使用的集装箱建筑采用厚30 mm、相变点为29℃的相变复合墙体能够有效提高建筑夏季热舒适度,得出集装箱相变复合围护结构优化设计方法及对室内热舒适的影响规律,为相变材料在集装箱建筑中的设计应用及评价方法提供了理论支持.     

夏热冬冷地区双层相变材料墙体热工性能分析

针对在建筑围护结构中使用单一相变材料(phase change material, PCM)不能满足全年节能和舒适度要求的问题,提出将两种不同相变温度的PCM同时填入到多层平壁墙体中,构成双层PCM墙体.采用显热容法对PCM的传热过程进行分析,对数学模型采用有限差分法离散,利用MATLAB软件编程对多种不同结构的双层PCM墙体在典型夏热冬冷地区气候条件下热工性能进行了计算分析.通过衰减倍数,先探索理论上的PCM最佳相变温区,再从实际建筑围护结构使用的PCM中选取热物性参数与理论上最佳值最接近的PCM,将该PCM墙体热工性能与理想的PCM墙体热工性能相比较,结果相差不大.研究表明:两种PCM层位于墙体中间位置时,衰减倍数最大,建筑围护结构内表面温度最稳定,低相变温度PCM在冬季的利用率和高相变温度PCM在夏季的利用率均为0～100%,能够使墙体保持较高的热工性能.     

内蒙古西部超低能耗草原民居相变墙体调温节能性研究

内蒙古西部草原民居冬季室内热环境质量普遍较差,采暖能耗高,而相变材料具有优异的热工特性。探索研究在外墙中加入石蜡基相变材料改善草原民居冬季室内热舒适性和降低采暖能耗的可行性,分析在临河地区冬季典型气象条件下,墙体材质、相变材料层厚度、对流换热系数和相变潜热对内壁面温度响应和节能性的影响。结果表明:不同墙体材质的导热系数影响墙体热性能,随着导热系数减小,温度衰减倍数增加,内壁面热稳定性提升;随着相变层厚度的增加,墙体保温性能不断增强;墙体内壁面温度波幅随对流换热系数的增大而增加;随着相变潜热的增大,对提升冬季室内热环境和减少采暖能耗方面有一定作用,但其效果有限。研究结果为内蒙古西部草原民居非透明围护结构的节能设计提供参考依据。     

相变墙体柔性用能预冷策略优化与敏感性分析

建筑柔性用能对削减空调负荷的峰谷差具有重要意义。相变墙体采用预冷策略可以有效降低高峰负荷，然而预冷可能会增加总能耗。因此，有必要对其柔性用能和能耗特征进行综合研究分析。以长沙的办公建筑为例，建立相变墙体的传热模型并采用实验数据进行对比验证，在此基础上，研究不同预冷策略下相变墙体夏季的柔性潜力，并对影响柔性的相变参数进行敏感性分析。结果表明：当预冷温度为23℃,预冷时长为4 h时，相变墙体能在总能耗降低2.6%的情况下使高峰期的总冷负荷降低85.4%。另外，相变材料的相变温度对柔性的影响最大，其次是位置、密度、相变潜热、厚度、相变范围，而导热系数和比热容对柔性的影响很小。该研究可为相变墙体的应用提供参考。     

相变混凝土的制备与性能研究综述

综述了相变材料的分类及特点、相变材料的定形与封装技术、相变混凝土的配合比设计与性能等3个方面的研究成果,对固-液相变材料的热物理参数、应用现状及多元复合相变体系进行了研究,归纳整理了相变材料的定形与封装技术,重点讨论了多孔基体吸附法,对比分析了相变混凝土的设计原理、力学性能与热物特性变化规律,并对相变混凝土研究方向进行了展望.结果表明:石蜡、脂酸和醇类等3种相变材料更适合于工程建筑环境的应用;相变材料不宜与混凝土集料直接混合;通常采用多孔基体材料吸附液体相变材料来制备相变骨料;相变混凝土的导热系数受相变骨料掺量影响明显,比热容会随掺量增加而提高,强度往往大幅降低.     

双层定型相变墙体的优化组合

与单层定型相变墙体相比,双层定型相变墙体依靠两层相变材料的潜热吸收和释放,可实现对室外冷热量的有效控制,发挥更加显著的改善室内热环境的作用。本文基于相变传热特性数值模拟的显热容法,以课题组近年来新制备的四种不同相变温度和潜热的定形相变材料为保温基材,构建具有两种不同相变保温层的双层相变蓄热墙体,建立双层定型相变墙体传热数值模型并利用COMSOL Multiphysics数值分析软件求解,针对夏热冬冷与严寒地区使用双层相变墙体的温度控制效果进行模拟,对双层定型相变墙体的传热过程及控温效果的影响因素进行分析,为优化双层定型相变墙体的组合形式提供参考。     

相变材料物性与轻质相变围护结构节能研究进展

针对轻质建筑围护结构材料降低了围护结构热容的问题,采用合理利用相变材料(PCM)的相变潜热的方式,以提高建筑围护结构的热容.阐述了国内外学者对PCM物性特征的研究成果,对比分析了PCM的热性能与传统保温材料的不同之处.同时,研究了目前对轻质PCM建筑构件的节能研究进展与热工评价指标,并基于当地的实际气象条件、室内目标温度、围护结构组成等情况,考虑PCM应具有相匹配的相变温度、相变潜热、导热系数等因素,提出了实际工程中选取PCM的思路,以及如何科学合理地发挥轻质围护结构中PCM的热性能,包括PCM在具有不同配置的墙体中的合理位置与用量等.     

混凝土箱体桥梁自控温装置设计与温度分析

为解决混凝土箱体结构的温度裂纹问题,基于太阳辐射与来自近环境表面低红外辐射之间的能量密度失配,研发出一种可以在白天用于混凝土箱体桥梁表面的自控温装置。该装置采用辐射降温涂层和复合定形相变材料相结合,多层控温的方式,外挂在腹板表面,从外向内依次分为滤波器、反射层、封装层、潜热层和连结层5个部分。以陕西神沙河大桥为例,通过现场实测和理论分析相结合的方法,研究了自控温装置安装前、后混凝土箱体腹板外侧的温度和温度应力。结果表明：自控温装置是一种能够避免太阳辐射等因素导致混凝土箱体表面开裂的有效措施。对未安装自控温装置的箱体,腹板外侧对外界环境温度敏感,温度波动区间较大,最大温度应力较大;对已安装自控温装置的箱体,由于辐射降温涂层反射了部分太阳辐射,以及复合定形相变材料的相态转变向外界环境释放或吸收了部分潜热,腹板外侧温度波动区间较小,最大温度应力较小。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.