中华蜜蜂幼虫肠道响应球囊菌胁迫的可变剪切基因分析

基于前期已获得的中华蜜蜂(简称中蜂)幼虫肠道转录组数据,利用TopHat2软件在正常(AcCK)及球囊菌胁迫的中蜂幼虫肠道样品(AcT1、AcT2、AcT3)中共鉴定出发生于9124个基因的57327个可变剪切事件,其中以基因间(17.68%)、可变3′端剪切(15.32%)、外显子跨越(14.12%)和可变5′端剪切(12.81%)类型为主.Venn分析结果显示4个肠道样品的共有可变剪切基因数为8111个,特有可变剪切基因数分别为272、189和385个.GO分类结果显示共有可变剪切基因涉及47个条目,AcT1、AcT2、AcT3的特有可变剪切基因分别富集于24、20和34个条目.KEGG代谢通路富集分析结果显示,共有可变剪切基因富集在327个代谢通路,基因富集数最多的是RNA转运、内质网蛋白加工及核糖体;AcT1、AcT2、AcT3的特有可变剪切基因分别富集在22、46和83个代谢通路.结果揭示了可变剪切基因在宿主的胁迫响应过程中的重要作用.     

红锥根系响应石墨烯的转录组学研究

为了研究石墨烯对植物根系响应的分子机制和转录组学，本文以0、25、33和50 mg/L共4组质量浓度的石墨烯溶液培育红锥（Castanopsis hystrix Miq.）幼苗，其中石墨烯溶液质量浓度为0指以蒸馏水培育，并对红锥幼苗的根系发育情况、基因表达量的变化、差异表达基因的富集通路和范围进行了分析。与0相比，25 mg/L石墨烯溶液对红锥幼苗根系发育的促进效果最佳（t=2.86～7.80,P<0.05）；转录组数据表明，25 mg/L石墨烯溶液处理红锥根系后，导致12 845个基因的表达量发生差异，其中石墨烯诱导10 899个基因表达量上调，抑制1 946个基因的表达量。通过京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集性分析表明：表达量上调的基因主要富集于126个KEGG通路，表达量下调的基因富集于99个KEGG通路；另外，110个转录因子基因差异表达，可归类于33个不同家族，其中ERF、WRKY、MYB、NAC、bHLH、TCP和Trihelix共7个家族基因与红锥根系发育有关；9种植物激素信号转导通路相关的差异表达基因结果表明生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素、乙烯、水杨酸、油...     

牛至精油对嗜热四膜虫基因表达的影响

牛至精油(Oregano Essential Oil, OEO)具有抗菌、杀菌、抑制寄生虫生长等功效.为了解牛至精油影响细胞生长的分子调控过程,对牛至精油作用下0 h和24 h的嗜热四膜虫的基因表达情况进行分析.高通量转录组测序结果表明,对照组即未加入牛至精油24 h与0 h的样本数据,比较分析后鉴定到了6 297个差异表达基因(包括下调4 232个、上调2 065个),而实验组即加入牛至精油24 h与0 h的样本数据,比较分析后鉴定到7 596个差异表达基因(包括下调6 254个、上调1 342个).通过与对照组差异表达基因的比较发现,实验组特异上调和下调差异表达基因分别有257个和2 329个.GO功能富集发现,特异上调差异表达基因无功能富集,特异下调差异表达基因功能主要富集在RNA加工、蛋白质分解代谢、细胞定位和信号转导等过程.KEGG通路分析发现,特异下调差异表达基因主要涉及细胞自噬及细胞周期等通路.而这些过程或通路上基因表达水平的下调可能会抑制细胞的生长.对通路中7个下调的差异表达基因和3个无明显差异表达变化的基因进行实时荧光定量PCR检测,实验结果和转录组测序数据结果的相关...     

生长异质大西洋鲑转录组学分析

为探明大西洋鲑在养殖群体中存在生长异质的原因,本研究对大西洋鲑进行转录组学分析,包括生长慢速组(平均体重0.51 kg)和生长快速组(平均体重4.20 kg)各3尾鱼。结果显示,共有332 003个基因得到了注释,并筛选出948个差异表达基因,包括363个上调基因和585个下调基因。随后对差异表达基因进行GO功能富集和KEGG通路富集分析,结果表明,有543个差异表达基因被富集到61个GO条目,其中与单生物过程、细胞、结合分子功能等相关的基因较多。KEGG富集显示,共有229个差异表达基因被富集到114个代谢通路中,其中富集在钙信号通路、神经活性受体-配体交互作用信号通路、紧密连接信号通路的基因较多。通过转录组测序及功能富集分析发现,肌球蛋白、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体以及苏氨酸的高表达,钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶II、谷氨酸受体基因的低表达引起相关代谢通路调控水平的改变可能是导致大西洋鲑生长异质性的重要因素。本研究为进一步了解生长异质大西洋鲑的生物学特性、基因分子机制、代谢途径和遗传繁育提供参考依据。     

笠贝幼虫变态相关基因筛选及分子网络构建

利用NCBI在线数字化差异显示工具（Digital Differential Display）对笠贝(Lottia gigantea)EST数据库进行筛选,获得笠贝幼虫时期显著差异表达基因203个,其中124个基因有Blast2Go注释结果,这124个基因可以归类成细胞组分、分子功能和生物学过程三大类;参与MAPK、Ras、PI3K-Akt、Rap1、cAMP等信号通路;涉及能量代谢、免疫应激、细胞分化、神经发育、细胞骨架、信号传递等生物学过程.将获得的转录子运用Cytoscape软件构建分子相互作用网络,最终获得7个核心转录子.涉及到神经发育、次生壳形成等相关基因调控关系.     

艾蒿提取物对烟草病原菌的抑制作用

采用菌丝生长速率法、孢子萌发法和滤纸片法,对艾蒿的乙醇提取物及其萃取物做生物活性测试．结果表明：在50mg·mL。的浓度下,艾蒿乙醇提取物对烟草疫霉菌、链格孢菌的菌丝生长抑制率分别为100．00％（96h）、18．51％（168h）,对烟草链格孢菌孢子萌发抑制率为76．26％（6h）;艾蒿乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物对烟草疫霉菌菌丝生长抑制率分别为79．49％（120h）、87．42％（72h）．在100mg·mL。的浓度下,艾蒿乙醇提取物对烟草链格孢菌的菌丝生长抑制率、孢子萌发抑制率分别为58．84％（48h）、100％（6h）;艾蒿乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取物、氯仿萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物对烟草链格孢菌的菌丝生长抑制率分别为26．11％（96h）、57．17％（72h）、32．87％（48h）;艾蒿乙醇提取物的氯仿萃取物对烟草链格孢菌孢子萌发抑制率为80．05％（6h）．在50、100、200mg·mL-1的浓度下,艾蒿乙醇提取物对烟草青枯菌均无抑制作用．     

SPL转录因子调控植物花发育及其分子机制研究进展

SPL(squamosa promoter-binding protein-like)转录因子是植物所特有的一类基因家族,广泛存在于绿色植物中,在植物生长发育中具有重要作用。花发育是植物生殖发育中最为重要的一个过程,涉及不同发育方式的转变,即开花决定、花的发端和花器官发生与发育。简要综述了SPL基因的结构与功能并着重阐述了SPL基因在植物花发育过程中的分子机制及生物学功能。最后总结出: SPL转录因子可直接或间接通过参与光周期途径,赤霉素途径及年龄途径来调控植物的开花时间; SPL基因可通过直接激活下游花分生组织特异基因,如LEAFY(LFY),从而调控植物的成花转变; SPL基因可通过与下游花器官特征基因相互作用来调控花器官及其育性的发育,如调控花序、花柄的长度与外形及花器官的大小; SPL基因可调控植物大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育。据拟南芥的相关研究结果,初步构绘出拟南芥开花调控中的分子机制。     

网状球囊霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长条件的优化

为了确定AM真菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的最佳水平条件,采用L16(45)多因子正交实验对影响网状球囊霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长的因素进行了优化选择.结果表明:优组合为A4B2C2D3E3,即pH 8,水琼脂质量浓度10 g/L,培养周期10 d,后熟条件20 d,培养温度28℃为最佳组合.同时发现在优组合下孢子不仅萌发得早,萌发率高,菌丝生长也很旺盛.     

阿特拉津降解菌Enterobacter sp.的基因差异分析

筛选并分析生物降解菌Enterobacter sp.在阿特拉津作用下的差异基因。以Enterobacter sp.BIDMC 29基因组为参考,利用高通量测序技术,对阿特拉津降解菌株和对照菌株进行转录组测序分析。结果表明,共有368个基因表现出显著差异,其中上调基因231个,下调基因137个。在差异基因GO富集分析的前30个条目中,尿嘧啶分解代谢、氮利用、硝酸盐同化、硫化氢生物合成、裂解酶活性和过氧化物酶活性等相关基因表现富集。Pathway分析显示,差异基因涉及70条代谢途径,与氮代谢、氨基酸合成和代谢、ABC转运蛋白、丙酮酸代谢等过程有关。菌株通过调节基因表达来提高对阿特拉津的降解能力,为进一步解析阿特拉津的代谢机制奠定基础。     

马铃薯块茎不同发育时期转录组分析

为解析与薯块发育相关的关键基因,以马铃薯匍匐茎、薯块起始期和膨大期的薯块为材料进行转录组分析.结果显示:匍匐茎与薯块膨大起始期、薯块膨大起始期与膨大期比较分别筛选出759个和773个差异表达基因.基因本体分析显示这些基因主要富集到细胞过程、代谢过程和催化活性等生物学过程,代谢通路富集分析显示差异基因主要富集到能量代谢与碳水化合物代谢等途径,这些基因可能在块茎发育过程中的淀粉合成等途径起到关键作用.对富集到上述途径的基因结合转录组鉴定到了14个在薯块起始期上调表达的基因,利用实时荧光定量PCR验证了其中7个差异表达基因,发现其表达模式与转录组结果基本一致.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.