高MLSS条件下A~2/O工艺处理低碳城市污水的研究

对比研究了常规与高MLSS(混合液悬浮固体浓度)条件下,A~2/O(厌氧—缺氧—好氧)工艺对低碳城市污水中有机物的去除效率和脱氮、除磷的效率.结果表明:常规MLSS条件下,由于废水中碳源不足影响了缺氧段的反硝化效率,导致部分时段出水总氮质量浓度超标.提高A~2/O工艺的MLSS达到(5 000±500)mg/L,有机物去除效果基本不变,但出水总氮质量浓度明显下降(均值达到9.5mg/L),且好氧段硝化效果轻微增强.但受高MLSS条件下污泥龄长导致污泥产量低的影响,除磷效果下降,出水总氮升高.继续降低好氧段DO(溶解氧)浓度,并不会影响高MLSS条件下A~2/O工艺的硝化和反硝化效果.     

低温环境下聚磷微生物的富集驯化研究

针对低温环境下生物强化除磷工艺的启动与运行,研究了厌氧/好氧和厌氧/缺氧两种模式富集驯化好氧聚磷菌和反硝化聚磷菌的效果.研究表明,以城市污水处理厂活性污泥为接种污泥,在8~11℃的低温环境下能有效完成好氧和反硝化聚磷菌的富集驯化,厌氧/好氧和厌氧/缺氧反应器分别在第40d和第80d达到稳定状态.厌氧/好氧反应器内污泥释磷和吸磷能力强于厌氧/缺氧反应器内污泥,分别为27.7 mg P/g MLVSS,35.2mg P/g MLVSS,17.4mg P/g MLVSS,23.1mg P/g MLVSS.反硝化聚磷菌可以在好氧条件下以氧为电子受体快速吸收磷,而好氧聚磷菌在缺氧环境中以硝酸盐为电子受体立即吸收磷的能力较弱,仅为6.9mgP/gMLVSS,占好氧吸磷的19.6%.厌氧/好氧和厌氧/缺氧两个反应器富集前后聚磷菌(Accumulibacter)的丰度分别由9.3%(接种污泥)增加到79.3%(好氧聚磷菌)和61.6%(反硝化聚磷菌),同样表明了在该低温环境下两个生物强化除磷工艺均实现了Accumulibacter的有效富集.     

城市污水部分亚硝化的实现与稳定运行

在常温(16.4～25.5℃)限氧(溶解氧DO质量浓度为0～0.60 mg/L)条件下,以A/O除磷工艺二级出水为原水,采用中试规模(容积1.14m3)的推流式反应器进行部分亚硝化试验研究.试验结果表明:较低的DO质量浓度(＜0.60mg/L)、沿程交替好氧缺氧的运行模式及较恒定的氨氮污泥去除负荷是实现部分亚硝化的关键因素;通过调整反应器4个格室的曝气量分别为4～8,3～4,0和3～5 L/min,沿程形成好氧、好氧、缺氧、好氧的环境,DO质量浓度分别为0.40～0.60,0.25～0.45,0.05～0.10和0.40～0.60 mg/L,水力停留时间(HRT)为7～9h,污泥回流比为40％～60％,氨氧化率控制在55％左右,出水m(NO2-N)/m(NH4+-N)平均为1.11,部分亚硝化效果稳定,亚硝化率超过95％,达到后续厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)生物滤池进水要求;整个运行阶段污泥沉降性能良好,污泥容积指数(SVI)为60～100 mL/g,未出现污泥膨胀现象.     

污泥回流比对双污泥BCR反硝化除磷效果的影响

以模拟华南地区的城镇污水研究对象,开展了污泥回流比对双污泥BCR反硝化除磷的影响研究. 结果表明:使超越污泥和回流污泥的回流比分别控制为0.6、0.4和0.2时, BCR工艺对COD去除率的均值分别为89.98%、89.48%和82.38%,出水COD平均质量浓度分别为20.94 、21.67 、37.66 mg/L;而总氮的去除率均值则分别为79.94%、80.58%和65.47%,出水总氮平均质量浓度分别为5.72 、5.75 、10.85mg/L;总磷去除率的均值分别为88.81%、91.64%和77.06%,出水总磷质量浓度均值为0.76 、0.59 、1.62mg/L,新工艺改善了传统双污泥连续流工艺出水NH4+-N质量浓度偏高的缺陷. 工艺在超越污泥回流比和回流污泥回流比均是0.4时处理效果最佳. 由于好氧硝化池与中沉池合建,好氧硝化池中的NO3--N与中沉池中的DPB接触而发生反硝化吸磷的反应而使部分总磷在好氧硝化池中被去除.     

单一反应体系曝气量与污泥质量浓度对同步硝化反硝化的影响

利用自培养硝化污泥与实验室筛选的1株反硝化细茵共培养形成共生污泥,构建膜生物反应器(MBR)单一反应体系同步硝化反硝化系统,得到系统良好同步硝化反硝化曝气量和污泥浓度的最优条件.由试验结果可知:在混合污泥质量浓度(MLSS)6.0～10.0g/L时,调节曝气量,可以使单污泥同步硝化反硝化总氮(TN)去除率达到85%以上.不同MLSS下,达到最高TN去除率的最佳曝气量随着MLSS增高而向高曝气量偏移.随着MLSS增高,响应因子F变小,由曝气量的变化而引起的TN去除率变化明显变缓,表示MLSS对O2传递的缓冲能力越强.在MLSS为8g/L条件下,低负荷比较容易达到较高的TN去除率,而高负荷下需要更高的曝气量以获得高的TN去除率,系统适合的NH4+-N负荷范围0～0.30 kg/(m3·d).MLSS≥3.0g/L,出水化学需氧量(COD)低于50 mg/L,COD大部分贡献于反硝化所需C源.单一反应体系同步硝化反硝化系统能对负荷的改变作出及时的回应,整体上运行比较稳定.     

SUFR UCT系统中一株好氧反硝化菌的鉴定与反硝化性能分析

从螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统好氧反应器的活性污泥中分离得到一株好氧反硝化菌Y4,经16S rDNA系列相似性比较和系统发育分析初步鉴定属于Gordonia.sp（戈登氏菌属）。对菌株Y4反硝化能力进行试验研究,结果表明菌株Y4可以在好氧条件下有效去除培养液中的硝酸盐氮,在初始硝酸盐氮质量浓度为286 mg/L时,48 h脱氮效率可达61.2%。另外试验考察了溶解氧和温度对菌株Y4反硝化效果的影响,结果显示Y4有较高的氧耐受力,在DO为2~11.8 mg/L时都可保持较高的脱氮率;菌株Y4对温度适应性强,在30 ℃时脱氮效率高达90%。试验证明在螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统中存在有较好反硝化性能的好氧反硝化菌。     

序批式移动床生物膜反应器脱氮除磷特性及机理

为研究生物膜系统脱氮除磷的相关特性及机理,采用序批式移动床生物膜反应器(SBMBBR)处理模拟生活污水。分析代表性周期内各种形态氮、磷等营养元素的变化特点,并与对照组序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)进行比较。利用显微技术及分子生物学技术对相关特性进行分析。结果表明:SBMBBR在单位质量污泥的化学需用量(COD)负荷为0.8g/(g.d)的条件下对总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的去除效率分别为91.4%、90.0%,均高于同等条件下的SBR系统。在好氧阶段,生物膜系统内有76.0%的TN损失,表明发生了明显的好氧反硝化过程。利用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)以及对生物膜微观结构电镜观察的结果表明:微生物的群落结构是SBMBBR脱氮除磷的重要生物学条件,而生物膜内部非均质结构提供了不同氧浓度环境,既为不同习性功能菌的富集提供了良好条件又成为好氧条件下的反硝化过程的关键因素。     

不同污水处理厂剩余污泥好氧消化的对比研究

为考察剩余污泥好氧消化的效果及其污泥性能对好氧消化的影响,选择不同处理工艺的3个污水处理厂剩余污泥进行对比试验.试验结果表明,经过好氧消化,污泥的SOUR虽有较大幅度的下降,但最终的VSS/TSS比率仍较高（65%～80%）.初始SOUR较高的污泥,好氧消化时COD及VSS去除率相对也较高.对连续曝气与间歇曝气条件下的氮代谢和磷滤出进行比较可知,采用间歇曝气提高了总氮去除效率,还减少了约50%的磷滤出.     

反硝化除磷-诱导结晶磷回收工艺试验

对反硝化除磷-诱导结晶磷回收工艺中硝化污泥和除磷污泥进行富集驯化试验,并通过化学分析、荧光原位杂交分析和电镜扫描考察污泥富集驯化效果以及富集驯化前后微生物种群结构和形态的变化.研究结果表明:经过55d的先厌氧/好氧(30d)、后厌氧/缺氧(25d)模式富集驯化后,磷去除率稳定在95%以上,且表现出明显的厌氧释磷和缺氧过量吸磷能力,其单位释磷量和吸磷量分别为8.47和11.13mg P/g MLSS;在好氧条件下,对接种污泥进行25d的强化富集驯化后,其氨氮去除率由78.5%提高到96.5%,明显增强了其硝化能力;污泥富集驯化前后聚磷菌和硝化细菌(AOB+NOB)质量分数分别由接种污泥的9.3%和45.3%增加到68.9%和74.7%,且AOB数量要多于NOB的分别占46.2%和28.5%;聚磷菌多呈杆状,而硝化细菌则以尺寸较小的球菌和杆菌组成,且以团聚体的形式存在.研究表明:该工艺可有效地克服传统单污泥脱氮除磷系统的不足,具有明显的经济效益和环境效益.     

间歇式反应器亚硝化颗粒污泥培养试验

在间歇式反应器(SBR)中经20d驯化后,普通消化污泥具有亚硝化功能.然后接种厌氧颗粒污泥,控制反应条件:温度21 ℃,pH7.5～8.5,溶解氧(DO)质量浓度0.5～1.0 mg/L, 25 d后完成厌氧颗粒污泥向好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥的转变.好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥具有较好的脱氮效果,一个反应周期内氨氮(NH 4N)去除率达到91.4%,总氮(TN)去除率达到70.6%,亚硝酸盐氮与硝酸盐氮质量浓度比(ρ(NO-2N)/ρ(NO-3N))＞0.70,反应器实现了同步亚硝化反硝化.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.