烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

氧化锌矿物浸出渣中铅、锶的提取及动力学分析

NH₄HCO₃ conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual. The mechanism and operating conditions of NH₄HCO₃ conversion, including molar ratio of NH₄HCO₃ to zinc extracted residual, NH₄HCO₃ concentration, conversion temperature, conversion time, and stirring velocity, were discussed, and operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test. Experimental results indicate that NH₄HCO₃ conversion at temperatures ranging from 25 to 85°C follows the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by inner diffusion through the product layer. The extraction ratios of Pb and Sr under optimized conditions reached 85.15% and 87.08%, respectively. Moreover, the apparent activation energies of Pb and Sr were 13.85 and 13.67 kJ·mol?1, respectively.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

膏体充填材料强度影响因素分析

针对影响膏体充填材料强度的因素。通过大量的试验，揭示了以河砂为骨料的膏体充填材料强度与各影响因素间的关系。试验结果表明，影响膏体充填材料强度的主要因素有质量分数、粉煤灰掺量种类以及养护龄期等。相同条件下，膏体充填材料强度与料浆质量分数、粉煤灰掺量和养护龄期成正比关系。这些结论将为煤矿膏体充填不迁村采煤技术的实施提供一些参考。     

聚合物胶乳超细水泥灌缝材料的微观结构

在苯乙烯/丙烯酸脂类聚合物R161乳液改性U型超细水泥的工作性试验研究的基础上,利用X-衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热差分析(DTA)、热重分析(TG)和压汞测孔等多项现代物相测试分析技术,对R161改性U型超细水泥硬化浆体的微观形貌、水化产物及孔结构进行了研究,分析了聚合物改性超细水泥微观结构与宏观性能之间的相关性。结果表明:改性材料中粗晶粒减少,凝胶增多;聚合物的填充和密封作用使聚合物R161改性超细水泥(RMFC)界面过渡区水化物取向性降低,结构明显细化,总孔隙率减小,孔结构更趋合理,使这种新型裂缝修补材料的微观结构得到了全面改善。     

浅谈轻质填土材料及其应用前景

本文主要介绍了轻质填土的概念、种类及其各自的特性,并在此基础上简要分析了轻质填土的应用前景。     

聚合物胶乳超细水泥灌缝材料的力学性能

针对水泥路面早期裂缝类病害出现频率不断升高,有机灌浆材料难以满足苛刻的裂缝界面条件及自然环境,研究开发了苯乙烯/丙烯酸脂类共聚物R161乳液改性U型超细水泥裂缝修补材料(RMFC),基于修补材料的工作性能研究,重点对其力学强度、裂缝粘结性能、收缩性及耐久性进行了全面的试验研究。结果表明:改性后的修补材料RMFC的抗折强度可提高50%以上;界面粘结强度较基准浆体提高了36%;抗渗、抗腐蚀及耐磨性均得到明显改善;其路用性能得到全面提升。     

粉煤灰基胶结充填材料早强剂实验研究

针对粉煤灰大量加入胶结材料后降低材料性能的问题,通过实验室正交实验,找到一种早强剂配方,得到粉煤灰占充填材料固体质量80%以上,水固比为0.94,8 h抗压强度大于0.9MPa,1 d抗压强度大于3 MPa、3 d抗压强度大于4 MPa,平均初凝时间100 min的最终材料配方。按配方比例在桃山矿井下工业实验后,证明该材料能够适应井下环境,具有快凝、早强、接顶率高等优良特点。     

建设发生土作为压密固结桩填充材料的渗透性

为了采用建设发生土部分替换优质砂作为密实桩的填充材料,进行了室内土试样的调制,制备了不同塑性指数的黏土试样,进行了压密不排水三轴压缩试验和渗透性试验,研究其强度特性和渗透性能.在塑性指数小于30的情况下,能够满足内摩擦角大于30°的要求.松散状态下能够确保渗透系数在10-4cm/s以上,但密实状态下的渗透系数却很小,为了保证砂桩能有效的排水,必须要采取提高渗透性的其他辅助方法.     

公路下充填开采的相似材料及数值模拟研究

针对公路下大量压煤的实际情况,为尝试性地探索公路下采煤的合适方法,利用相似材料模拟实验对公路下充填开采进行了研究,通过实验得到了公路在充填开采状态下所产生的移动和变形值;同时利用有限元软件ADINA进行三维数值模拟,将数值模拟与相似材料模拟实验的结果进行了对比分析,并研究了开采时煤层倾角、采深对公路稳定性的影响.研究表...     

固结粉胶凝材料开发与胶结充填体强度试验

针对金川矿山开采面临的采矿经济与环保压力,利用酒钢低活性酸性矿渣,开展新型充填胶凝材料开发,获得称为固结粉的早强型新型充填胶凝材料。为了实现固结粉在金川矿山工业化应用,针对金川矿山废石、棒磨砂、戈壁砂和河沙等骨料,开展了4种充填骨料的固结粉胶结充填体抗压强度试验。结果表明,除了戈壁粗砂骨料胶结充填体3 d抗压强度小于设计抗压强度外,其他3种充填骨料的固结粉胶结充填体抗压强度均满足金川矿山安全采矿要求,说明早强型固结粉胶凝材料应用于金川矿山充填法采矿中能够替代水泥。     

矿井火区粉煤灰胶体充填封堵材料的试验研究

采空区或巷道漏风供氧是导致矿井煤层自燃的主要原因之一。该粉煤灰胶体充填封堵材料是由粉煤灰、水、水玻璃、羧甲基纤维素、碳酸氢氨化肥等制备而成，当其比例为120：100：15：0．05：2时，初凝强度较大，8d后强度大于2MPa，已能够替代塑性胶体(黄土)充填封堵材料，可在井下巷道中建立密闭墙，堵塞漏风，满足巷道封堵需要。并通过2m高的墙体试验，考察了浇注工艺，从而为防止煤层自燃或者为了防止有害气体扩散建立密闭墙提供了一种行之有效的方法。