测验Q矩阵的修正方法及其比较研究

在认知诊断评估中,构建正确测验Q矩阵十分关键,但比较困难.该文将确定性输入噪音与门模型下3种在线标定方法(极大似然估计方法,边际极大似然估计方法和交差方法)用于测验Q矩阵修正,并与δ方法,γ方法和最小残差平方和方法进行比较.采用模拟研究验证和比较各方法的表现,研究结果显示:边际极大似然估计方法表现良好,交差方法次之; 项目所考查的属性数目是影响δ方法和γ方法的表现.     

软件工程方法述评

对一些流行的软件工程方法,包括结构化方法、形式化方法、面向对象方法、基于构件的方法、基于Agent的方法、基于净室技术的方法、基于敏捷技术的方法等进行了述评,并对软件工程方法的发展趋势进行了初步探讨.     

试论高职院校教师激励方法的三个层次

许多高职院校都在寻找激励教师的有效方法,实际上激励方法是有层次的,对不同的激励对象实施不同的方法会起到更好的效果。三个层次的激励方法,即基本激励方法、特殊激励方法和无形激励方法可针对不同的激励对象实施。     

Bootstrap方法的仿真实现及其在系统偏差估计中的应用

该文研究Bootstrap方法与Bayes Bootstrap方法的原理及在小样本情况下的应用问题.分析了这二种统计方法的原理,给出了总体分布中未知参数的点估计方法和区间估计方法,后采用非参数抽样法,编写C语言程序,实现了Bootstrap方法与Bayes Bootstrap方法的计算机仿真.通过实例分析,给出了射击系统偏差在Bayes Bootstrap方法、Bootstrap方法和经典统计方法下的具体偏差值,得到Bayes Bootstrap方法优于其它二种方法的结论.     

Fluent在碟形深潜器水动力性能的应用分析

文章利用Fluent方法模拟了一种新型碟形深潜器在直航状态所受的总阻力以及斜航状态下所受的横向力Y和纵向力X,并与试验方法进行比较从而得出Fluent模拟方法具有一定的准确性,可以应用于该碟形潜器的水动力性能分析。碟形深潜器水动力性能的预报对于其外形的优化至关重要,传统的研究方法主要有理论方法、试验方法和数值模拟。众所周知,试验方法一直是碟形潜器研究的主要方法,而随着计算机技术的快速发展,以流体力学为基础的计算流体力学方法也逐渐成为一种重要方法,与传统方法相比,运用Fluent模拟的方法则更加灵活和经济,但该方法与试验方法的相对误差随着Fr数的增加而增加,进而说明该方法还需要进一步优化。     

单体住宅性能的多属性分类综合评价方法

分析了现有的多指标综合评价中的一般常用方法———模糊综合评价方法中所存在的问题 ,根据ABC分类方法的思路提出了一种改进的综合评价方法 ,即多属性分类综合评价方法 ,给出了其分类方法和评价方法 ,最后对 2种方法的特点和使用范围做了对比和分析 .多属性综合评价方法克服了一般常用方法所存在的问题 ,对评价指标的重要性有显著差异的一类综合评价问题 ,此方法更合理 .     

SEREX方法在肿瘤相关抗原筛选中的应用

SEREX方法是筛选肿瘤抗原分子的一种方便且高效的方法。本文解释了SEREX的原理及方法,介绍了利用该方法所鉴定出来的肿瘤相关抗原,讨论了该方法的优缺点,阐述了改进的方法,最后对该方法的应用进行了展望。     

混合元法及其在本质边界条件处理中的应用

为了解决无网格Galerkin(EFG)方法中本质边界条件的施加问题,提出了一种耦合径向基点插值无网格(RPIM)方法与EFG方法的混合元法.该方法将问题域分成两部分,在包含本质边界部分采用RPIM方法处理,其余部分采用EFG方法,然后利用两种无网格插值方法之间的关系进行耦合.数值算例结果表明:文中方法在简明有效地处理本质边界条件的同时,具有与EFG方法相当的计算精度,且易于编程计算.     

谱元方法求解波动方程时显式与隐式差分方法的比较

分别将显式中心差分和隐式Newmark差分方法与Chebyshev谱元方法相结合,探讨了当采用谱元方法求解气动噪声问题时,这2种时间差分方法对数值精度和计算稳定性的影响.通过模拟噪声扰动在自由空间的传播过程,比较了2种时间差分方法的数值误差,研究了显式中心差分方法的稳定性条件.由此得出以下结论:当显式中心差分方法稳定时,2种差分方法均可得到有效的数值解,在同一时刻的同一网格节点上,Newmark方法的数值误差约为显式方法的2倍左右;当计算采用的时间步长大于显式中心差分方法的临界步长时,显式方法发散,Newmark方法的数值结果仍和解析解保持一致.     

关于径向基函数插值方法及其应用

用径向基函数插值方法及求解偏微分方程的方法,选取Multi-Quadric方法为径向基插值函数,逆Multi-Quadric方法对偏微分方程进行数值计算,并与其他方法进行比较,突出径向基函数求解偏微分方程的方法的优点,提出一些需要进一步研究的问题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.