基于VLC域的H.264/AVC视频流内容级认证水印算法

针对低比特率的H.264/AVC(Advanced Video Coding)视频流,提出一种新颖的基于VLC(Variable Length Coding)域的内容级的半脆弱水印认证算法.利用视频VLC域中I宏块的预测方式、CBP(Coded Block Pattern)块编码模式,自适应选取提取特征码的宏块,并根据子宏块上量化后系数的低频能量之间的关系,构建基于宏块级别的内容特征码;鉴于子宏块中拖尾系数的特点,通过修改拖尾系数的编码方式实现半脆弱认证水印的嵌入.实验证明,该算法能保持特征码嵌入前后视频良好的不可感知性以及视频流码率的基本恒定;能有效提高视频水印嵌入容量;可有效实现针对视频内容篡改的宏块级别的检测和定位.该算法可应用于视频内容鉴定,版权保护等领域.
     

差分能量抖动调制的视频算法改进

本文针对DEW算法的这些不足,将差分能量的概念引入到视频序列的量化块中,通过对亮度量化块中竖直因子VF与水平因子HF之间的差值进行抖动调制来嵌入水印信息。试验表明,DEM算法在水印的容量、不可见性和鲁棒性方面都好于DEW算法。     

差分能量抖动调制的视频算法改进

本文针对DEW算法的这些不足,将差分能量的概念引入到视频序列的量化块中,通过对亮度量化块中竖直因子VF与水平因子HF之间的差值进行抖动调制来嵌入水印信息。试验表明,DEM算法在水印的容量、不可见性和鲁棒性方面都好于DEW算法。     

压缩域视频水印的失真漂移补偿算法

针对H.264/AVC压缩域视频,提出一种新的带有失真漂移补偿机制的鲁棒视频水印算法.该算法通过采用新的漂移补偿机制补偿由于水印嵌入所带来的解码误差,即视频播放时的失真,并针对由水印嵌入可能引起参考块改变的情况进行特殊考虑,避免了失真漂移的进一步扩散.通过选取宏块内尺寸最小的区块进行水印嵌入,利用离散余弦变换的能量集中效应保证受到攻击时的稳定性.实验结果证明,所提出的算法既具有良好的水印不可感知性,又具有良好的抗压缩攻击性,即有损压缩攻击下仍能达到平均80%的检测正确率.     

基于有限状态机模型的非压缩域视频差分能量水印算法

为了增加帧间相关性,有效检测时域同步攻击,改进了差分能量水印(DEW)算法,并引入有限状态机(FSM)模型.经实验验证,该水印对噪声等常见帧内干扰具有强鲁棒性,同时对恶意帧间攻击的脆弱性使其具备有效的同步攻击检测能力,并在不可见性、算法安全性方面有良好表现.     

针对能量差值嵌入的视频隐藏分析算法

能量差值信息隐藏（differential energy watermarking,DEW）算法通过有选择地舍弃视频图像中某些区域的部分高频DCT系数,形成能量差异而达到信息嵌入的目的．为此,利用视频序列时间域的强相关性建立针对性统计估计模型,侦测DEW算法所造成的载体信息统计特性变化,并结合K-S统计假设检验方法设计一种视频信息隐藏分析算法．结果表明,此算法能够有效地检测压缩视频码流中是否有DEW算法嵌入的特定信息．     

ASIFT与SVD相结合的Contourlet域的抗几何攻击视频双水印算法

为平衡数字水印技术中的鲁棒性与透明性,提出基于仿射尺度不变特征变换(ASIFT)与奇异值分解(SVD)结合的Contourlet域视频双水印算法。首先,利用卡尔曼滤波器将视频帧内的运动物体进行分离获取运动宏块,对运动宏块进行Contourlet变换;其次,利用奇异值分解对图像的信号攻击存在较高的稳定性和低频子带系数直方图在旋转、缩放等几何攻击具有较强的鲁棒性,自适应地将混沌水印序列分别嵌入到高频子带奇异值矩阵和低频子带系数中;最后,以ASIFT的尺度和方向不变性作为触发器,用于判断嵌有水印的视频遭受的攻击类型。本文算法能保证嵌入水印的视频帧的峰值信噪比值(PSNR)在70 dB以上,水印的嵌入量达到240×360 bit。实验结果表明本文的算法能够保证水印的不可见性的同时针对几何攻击和信号攻击都具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于分块三维小波变换的盲视频水印算法

针对数字视频的版权保护，提出了一种基于分块三维小波变换的视频水印算法，将视频信号分成三维图像块，根据人类视觉系统的特性，选择纹理复杂的运动块进行三维小波变换，对水印信息进行扩频CDMA编码后，将其嵌入到三维块的小波系数中，利用正交码的自相关函数特性来检测水印信息，实现水印的盲提取，实验结果表明，该水印方案在保证视频视觉质量的同时，对于针对视频水印的特殊攻击具有高鲁棒性。     

基于能量和方差的鲁棒自适应视频水印算法

为了提高水印的鲁棒性同时兼顾视频主观质量和水印不可见性,提出一种基于FZDH的自适应视频水印嵌入技术．该算法依据人类视觉掩蔽特性,计算帧中各块方差和能量值,按照两值大小自适应的选择水印嵌入范围和嵌入强度．通过采用高斯白噪声和椒盐噪声对H．264／AVC压缩编码后的水印视频进行攻击,比较本方案与原算法在抗噪声和抗压缩方面的能力．仿真实验表明,本方案比传统算法具有更强的抗压缩和抗噪声能力．     

具有双重功能的JPEG图像水印的新算法

提出一种同时具有版权保护和内容认证双重功能的JPEG图像水印算法,其中版权保护通过嵌入固定信息,内容认证通过嵌入内容特征码来实现,算法中特征码具有“半脆弱”特性.水印嵌入算法借鉴DEW的算法原理,并结合特征生成的需要,提出了一种改进方法.在DCT域中选择低频部分用来生成特征码,高频部分用来嵌入水印,最后给出的实验结果证明了算法的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…