防硫堵漏随钻钻井液体系研究与应用

 井漏和硫化氢腐蚀是裂缝性异常低压酸性气田钻井作业过程遇到的两大难题。有针对性地研制了随钻堵漏钻井液体系LCM,开展了相应的室内实验并应用于现场。LCM体系由硫化氢清除剂、抑制剂、缓蚀剂和堵漏体系组成,该体系性能稳定,悬浮性良好、不沉淀,配伍性良好。将该体系应用于现场施工3口井,钻井作业过程中能够有效防硫,并在不影响钻井进程的情况下,对长达110m的井漏失返井段进行快速人工造壁,实现有效封堵。现场应用效果表明,该钻井液体系可有效防硫,同时随钻堵漏效果好,尾管固井顺利,不影响地质录井;在保证施工质量的同时,能节省作业时间和钻井液材料,缩短钻井周期,有效降低作业成本。     

一种裂缝堵漏体系在超低渗透油田的研究和应用

长庆XF油田为超低渗透、低压、低产老油田。开发过程中的洛河层井漏问题日益严重,成为影响该区钻井速度的重要因素。通过对XF油田洛河漏层孔隙结构特征、渗透率、裂缝形态和发育情况等研究,确定了可诱导裂缝发育是该区块钻井过程中井漏和堵漏一次成功率偏低的主要原因。以"理想填充"理论为指导,通过堵漏机理研究,优选堵漏剂材料,优化防漏堵漏配方,形成了一种新的防漏堵漏钻井液体系(DL—1)。经过室内防漏堵漏评价实验,该钻井液体系可在随钻过程中较短时间内有效封堵漏层,现场试验12口井防漏堵漏效果显著,施工工艺安全可靠,应用效果良好。     

深井不同钻井完井液对渗流能力影响评价及预防对策

在深井钻完井过程中,钻井完井液损害造成渗流能力降低是储层最重要的损害机理。选用深井钻井现用钻井液、优化钻井液对储层天然岩样、人造裂缝岩样的损害实验,以及钻井完井液侵入评价实验共同揭示研究区块储层损害特征。分析两类固相堵塞,固-液、液-液配伍性,毛管现象及工程因素对于储层渗流能力的影响;并提出多级架桥暂堵技术、调整钻井液配伍性能等对策提高地层渗流能力,为钻井完井决策提供参考。     

油溶性树脂暂堵剂的室内评价

室内评价了油溶性树脂暂堵剂对钻井液性能的影响,结果表明,油溶性树脂跟钻井液处理剂有很好的配伍性,对钻井液流变性影响不大,在砂床滤失方面,油溶性树脂暂堵剂起到了很好的作用,堵漏效果明显。通过岩芯伤害实验发现,渗透率恢复值为87.4%,说明该油溶性树脂起到了很好的储层保护作用。     

保护油层自适应随钻堵漏钻井液技术研究

为了避免钻井液漏入地层,钻遇漏失地层前需要向钻井液中加入随钻堵漏剂,将普通钻井液转化为随钻堵漏钻井液.本研究针对漏失地层非均质性强、漏失通道尺寸分布范围广且难以准确预知和常规复合随钻堵漏剂适应性差等特点,研制了自适应随钻堵漏剂和自适应随钻堵漏钻井液技术.该技术能在无须明确预知漏失地层孔喉直径的情况下,自适应封堵岩石表面较大范围的孔喉,对较宽孔径分布的漏失地层具有很好的封堵作用,封堵速度快,封堵层浅,承压能力强,渗透率恢复率高,适合油层和非油层堵漏.室内实验及现场应用证明,自适应随钻堵漏钻井液封堵范围广,渗透率封堵率及渗透率恢复率达均在90%以上,具有良好的堵漏及保护油层效果.     

聚合物基纳米SiO_2的制备及钻井液性能

以丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐和N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺为反应单体,合成三元共聚物P(AMD),并以该三元共聚物为基体,纳米二氧化硅为填料,研制一种具有"核壳"结构的新型微纳米钻井液添加剂SDNP。借助TEM、粒径分布和GPC实验表征SDNP的微观形貌特征和相对分子质量,讨论SDNP对水基钻井液流变性及滤失性的影响,通过抗温性能、粒度分布、抑制性和润滑性室内实验综合评价和分析SDNP的性能及作用机理。研究结果表明:SDNP可显著改善钻井液体系流变性能,提高动塑比,使钻井液粒径分级合理,滤失量降低明显,耐温高达180℃以上,且抑制性和润滑性能突出,当SDNP质量分数为0.5%时,页岩回收率高达94%,而页岩膨胀率仅为2.3%,相对于基浆极压润滑系数降低率高达93.4%。     

含AMPS聚丙烯酰胺荧光微球制备及其性能研究

通过反相乳液聚合法把丙烯酰氧基荧光素(Ac-Flu)、AMPS与丙烯酰胺共聚合成了含荧光素的聚丙烯酰胺荧光微球P(AM-AMPS-RhB)。采用了红外(FT-IR)、荧光显微镜对荧光微球进行了结构表征,采用称重法研究了矿化度、温度对微球溶胀性能的影响,同时采用荧光光谱探讨了pH,离子种类对荧光微球的荧光强度的影响。结果表明,在1 g/L NaCl水中的膨胀倍数可达17倍,在pH为3.0~10.0的水溶液中荧光性能稳定,可作为潜在的油田封堵剂。     

基于架状结构内核的热采井内刚外柔颗粒堵剂研究及应用

采用具有架装结构能够吸附并储存交联剂的硅铝酸盐矿物作为刚性内核,以丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸为主要聚合单体,以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,以过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原体系为引发剂,通过甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯引入疏水基团,采用水溶液聚合法制备了一种内刚外柔堵剂。通过静态性能评价实验对内刚外柔堵剂的吸水膨胀性能、耐温抗盐性能、封堵性能进行考察,结果表明:内刚外柔堵剂可吸水体积膨胀6.0倍,质量膨胀12.0倍,吸水饱和时间大约10 h;在高盐条件下(50 g/L氯化钠溶液、10 g/L氯化钙溶液),吸水膨胀倍数变化不大,具有良好的耐盐性能;具有良好的耐温性能,耐温可达200℃;具有弹性变形推进和可进行二次封堵的优点,其封堵率可达99.5%,经过10 PV的冲刷后,封堵率仍可达到96.7%,封堵效果良好。现场试验3口蒸汽吞吐井,1口蒸汽驱井,均取得了良好的调堵增油效果。     

渗透性地层随钻堵漏技术的研究和应用

为了解决钻遇断层的防漏堵漏问题和提高渗透性地层的承压能力,研制出一种具有广谱堵漏功能的新型随钻堵漏剂。添加了这种新型随钻堵漏剂的常规的水基钻井液体系,可以使其封堵能力和承压能力大幅度增强,但性能变化很小,能够满足钻进和防漏堵漏同步进行的需要。     

新型两性离子聚合物页岩抑制剂的制备及性能评价

针对泥页岩储层段黏土矿物含量较高,钻井过程中易发生井壁失稳现象等问题,以小分子有机胺(LCA-2)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和甲基烯丙醇聚氧乙烯醚(HPEG)为单体,制备了一种两性离子聚合物页岩抑制剂DDM-1。采用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,结果表明其分子结构符合预期设计。考察了DDM-1的抑制性能、耐温抗盐性能和对钻井液性能的影响,结果表明,加入1.0%DDM-1可以使泥页岩钻屑滚动回收率达到90%以上,并具有良好的抑制膨润土造浆能力,抑制效果明显优于无机盐类抑制剂;同时具有良好的耐温抗盐性能;DDM-1对现场钻井液体系的流变性和滤失量的影响较小,具有较好的配伍性,且抑制性强于国内同类产品,与国外产品效果相当。说明DDM-1是一种性能优良的泥页岩抑制剂,能够满足高性能水基钻井液对强抑制性的要求。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.