高炉铸铁冷却壁结构优化

采用正交试验和数值模拟方法对高炉炉身下部冷却壁主要结构参数进行优化,对优化前后的冷却壁温度场进行计算。结果表明,冷却壁热面最高温度的影响因素中影响程度从大到小依次为：水管直径、水管间距、水管中心线距冷却壁热面距离、壁体厚度,其中水管直径、水管间距和水管中心线距冷却壁热面距离为显著因素;最优冷却壁结构参数组合为：水管直径60mm、水管间距180mm、水管中心线距冷却壁热面距离120mm、壁体厚度220mm,优化后的冷却壁较优化前的冷却壁冷却性能有较大幅度的改善。     

基于灰色关联度的高炉冷却壁整体优化

基于灰色关联度分析方法,研究了高炉冷却壁冷却水管半径、冷却水管间距、水管距热面距离 、冷却壁壁体厚度等对冷却壁热面最高温度和热应力的影响。综合冷却壁结构优化分析,得到冷却壁最优结构尺寸组合是：水管半径20mm、水管间距为220mm,水管距热面距离为90mm和冷却壁壁体厚度125mm。     

影响高炉炉墙热负荷的因素分析

应用传热学原理建立了高炉炉墙温度场数学模型,应用数值模拟方法分析了冷却水管直径和间距、冷却水管至冷却壁热面的距离,镶砖导热系数、镶砖厚度和面积,炉衬厚度,渣铁凝固层厚度及对流换热系数对炉墙热负荷的影响. 结果认为, 降低炉墙热阻是增大炉墙热负荷的重要途径.     

冷却结构对连铸结晶器铜板热变形的影响

建立了板坯连铸结晶器三维有限元热弹塑性结构模型,计算了铜板变形及结晶器冷却结构对其影响规律.冷却结构和热力载荷决定了铜板热面变形行为,铜板变形量取决于冷却结构几何参数,并在铜镍分界处有较小变形突变;宽面热面中心线最大变形出现在弯月面下100mm处,窄面最大变形出现在弯月面和冷却水槽末端,且铜镍分界两侧变形曲线有明显的曲率波动;铜板加厚5 mm,最大中心线变形可增加0.05 mm,镍层对中心线变形影响不明显,1 mm的厚度变化仅在窄面引起最大0.01 mm的下降,冷却水槽对中心线变形影响也较小,水槽加深2 mm,最大中心线变形减少0.02 mm.     

高炉铜冷却壁水管热应力分析

针对高炉内普遍出现的铜冷却壁水管断裂问题,以热结构耦合分析为手段,研究了铜冷却壁水管所受约束对其热应力分布的影响。通过建立铜冷却壁热应力数学模型,对比分析了铜冷却壁水管受不同约束作用下的热变形行为及热应力变化。计算结果表明,铜冷却壁水管末端为自由或受固定约束时,水管根部相对于其他位置产生较大热应力。但水管末端为自由时,水管根部等效应力仅45 MPa,低于纯铜的屈服强度;水管末端受到固定约束时,水管根部等效应力达到272 MPa,超过纯铜的屈服强度。水管之间应采用柔性连接。水管受到炉壳开孔约束时,其最大等效应力为600 MPa,远超过纯铜材料的屈服强度。铜冷却壁极限工作温度下水管末端产生最大位移,约为1.73 mm,考虑到安装误差等因素的影响,炉壳开孔直径应为120 mm。     

基于热-流体耦合理论对还原炉冷却模块温度场的研究

基于热-流体耦合理论, 采用流体分析软件STAR-CD对还原炉冷却模块进行了流场与温度场耦合数值分析,讨论了水垢厚度、水流速度、水管直径、水温及水管间距对温度场的影响.该模型不仅可以用于冷却模块的设计和耐火材料的选取,还可以用于分析判断冷却模块的损坏程度.     

转炉汽雾冷却喷嘴限制射流强化换热特性

构建专用试验设备,测定了转炉炉体汽雾冷却喷嘴在工作状态下的对流换热系数,得到适用于该型喷嘴在转炉炉体汽雾冷却条件下换热系数的经验公式.综合考虑雾化水射流流场特性、壁面热状态和几何条件等因素,研究了炉体汽雾冷却换热特性及其换热机制.结果表明:雾化水射流的冷却效能取决于能否在热壁表面形成连续的液膜,在工程实际中可通过调整多喷嘴配置来实现炉壳表面连续而基本均匀的液膜,以提高冷却功效;在炉体雾化水射流强化换热过程中,存在最佳射流中心面与热壁间距,在此距离附近的整体传热强化效果最佳;对于现有汽雾冷却系统,当炉壳与托圈内壁间隙为140 mm(即射流中心面与热壁距离为83.5 mm)时,其整体传热强化能力最强.     

板翅式换热器锯齿型翅片参数的遗传算法优化研究

针对目前锯齿型板翅式换热器未能同时优化多参数,或者大多优化研究存在对经验关联式依赖的问题,提出了利用Kriging响应面来近似目标函数与设计变量之间的关系、应用遗传算法对锯齿型板翅式换热器翅片结构参数的优化方法。在维持翅片通道雷诺数为800时,把换热器的最大j因子、最小f因子和最大F_(TEF)因子作为3个单目标函数,对翅片的翅片高度h、翅片间距s、翅片厚度t和翅片节距l进行了优化研究。研究结果表明:翅片高度h与翅片间距s对换热器综合性能F_(TEF)因子呈正增长,而翅片厚度t和翅片节距l呈负增长;在翅片高度为9.5mm、翅片间距为2.2mm、翅片厚度为0.1mm和翅片节距为3mm时,换热器性能最佳;结合Kriging响应面的遗传算法克服了传统优化方法对经验关联式的依赖。该研究结果可以指导锯齿型板翅式换热器的优化设计。     

基于正交试验六韧带手性结构展收几何参数优化

针对目前手性结构采用的传统材料并不具备大变形后自恢复的能力,提出一种在面内具备展收特性的金属材料用于六韧带手性结构.利用有限元分析了节环间距、节环直径、节环高度以及韧带厚度等4个因素对六韧带手性结构收拢和展开后的最大应力的影响.以展开后的最大应力为指标,通过正交试验,分析得到了各个因素的影响程度由主到次依次为节环间距、韧带厚度、节环高度和节环直径,并通过极差分析和方差分析选出了一组最优参数,即节环间距70 mm、韧带厚度0.06 mm、节环高度8 mm、节环直径22 mm,并且通过试验验证了仿真模型的可靠性及本手性结构具备大变形后自恢复的能力.     

基于响应面法炉腹异型管铜冷却壁的长寿技术优化

基于传热学理论,对近年来出现的高炉炉腹区异型管(椭圆型、矩型、双圆型、三圆型及正六边型)铜冷却壁传热模型进行参数化建模,基于冷却壁传热特性对冷却水管进行管型最优选择;模拟正常工况对开炉初期冷却壁镶砖热面未覆盖渣皮的传热模型进行热-结构耦合分析,利用响应面法得到各参数对铜冷却壁力学特性的相互影响规律.将响应面法与NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法相结合对炉腹结构参数及长寿技术进行优化,优化后的炉腹结构在传热特性和力学性能方面均得到明显改善,结果证明所建模型和参数化计算程序可用作炉腹结构长寿技术的优化设计和评估.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.