聚氨酯/钛酸钡杂化材料及介电性质研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种新型的聚氨酯/钛酸钡（PU/BaTiO₃ )杂化材料——不同钛酸钡含量的聚氨酯/钛酸钡杂化材料。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和光电子能谱(XPS)等手段,考察了杂化材料的结构与性能;详细研究了溶胶-凝胶过程的机理以及微波辐射后杂化材料的介电性能。结果表明：通过溶胶-凝胶法制备的PU/BaTiO₃杂化材料中PU和BaTiO₃形成了较强的化学作用,而不是简单的共混;BaTiO₃较均匀分散在杂化材料中,同时随着BaTiO₃含量的增加,材料的介电常数也逐渐增加。指出了该研究在油气田领域的应用前景及意义。     

非晶态Fe2O3-SiO2杂化材料的研究

文章以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、三氯化铁为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)工艺,制备出均质透明的非晶态Fe2O3-SiO2杂化材料.研究溶胶-凝胶体系电化学性能,探讨Fe2O3-SiO2杂化材料的杂化机理,并对该材料的结构和性能分别进行表征和测试.该材料具有优良的光谱选择性吸收性能,可作为光热转换材料.     

有机无机杂化材料研究进展

有机无机杂化材料是在溶胶凝胶法的基础上发展起来,介于有机聚合物与无机聚合物间的一种新型复合材料.文章论述近年来有机无机杂化材料在光学材料、陶瓷材料、凝胶材料及生物材料方面的研究及应用.有机无机材料制备灵活,便于分子"裁剪",实行分子设计,具有广阔的应用与开发前景.     

β-环糊精衍生物/TiO_2有机-无机杂化材料的制备及表征

以钛酸丁酯作为无机前驱体,两种β-环糊精衍生物作为有机体,运用溶胶-凝胶法制备了β-环糊精衍生物/TiO2有机-无机杂化材料,运用IR、TG、SEM、激光粒度对合成杂化材料进行了表征.结果表明:合成的新型杂化材料不仅具有环糊精特征结构的有机组分和TiO2的无机组分;且具有较好的热稳定性,呈较均匀球形颗粒等特点.同时,利用苯酚-硫酸法测定了β-环糊精衍生物/TiO2中环糊精衍生物的含量.     

有机-无机纳米杂化材料P(MMA-BMA)-TiO_2的制备和表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMM A)-聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯(PBM A)/T iO2杂化材料,并进行了结构表征和性能研究.以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MM A)为杂化材料的主要成分,引入甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BM A)以改变PMM A/T iO2杂化材料易碎的缺点.实验结果表明:杂化材料中无机相与有机相通过S i-O-T i共价键相连,T iO2的加入增强了聚合物材料的抗紫外性.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备HEC/SiO2杂化材料的工艺研究

以羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶技术合成了HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料.通过探讨水硅比、HEC含量、溶剂量、干燥控制化学添加剂用量、温度等工艺因素对凝胶化过程,特别是材料干燥体积收缩的影响,得出在本实验条件下合成HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料的优化工艺条件.利用红外吸收光谱、紫外-可见光透射光谱以及扫描电子显微镜等测试手段对合成的HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料进行表征.结果表明,HEC作为有机分散相已经均匀地分散到SiO2基相中,制备的HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料透明,无分相,并可能形成了新的化学键.     

二氧化硅胶体基石质文物防风化有机-无机杂化材料制备及效果评估

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备含有纳米二氧化硅颗粒的胶体材料.胶体材料的稳定性和纳米二氧化硅颗粒的粒径主要受正硅酸乙酯含量、氨水浓度、水含量、无水乙醇含量和滴定速度等参数的影响,以具有良好综合防风化性能的甲基三甲氧基硅烷为有机物,通过与二氧化硅溶胶的机械混合而制备有机-无机防风化杂化加固材料.研究结果表明:当杂化材料中甲基三甲氧基硅烷的质量分数为15％～20％时,防风化杂化材料的黏度低(接近于水的黏度)、凝胶时间短且稳定性好;胶体颗粒的添加有效地降低了单一有机物加固涂层的开裂概率;防风化杂化加固材料引起试样的色差变化较小,加固吸收率明显比单一有机物的吸收率高,且涂覆防风化杂化加固材料的石质试样,其耐酸和耐盐性显著提高.     

聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化膜和复合膜的制备与结构研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和二氧化硅粒子掺杂共混法分别制备了聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化膜和纳米复合膜.采用红外分光光度计(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了所制备膜的结构微观形态和热性能并进行分析对比,结果表明在杂化膜中SiO2在聚酰亚胺基体中可以形成分子级分散,复合膜表现出较强的吸湿性使其热分解温度较低.研究认为,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备聚酰亚胺/SiO2介电材料更为合理.     

聚酰亚胺／二氧化硅纳米杂化材料制备

通过溶胶－凝胶方法（sol-gel）,利用已水解的正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）与芳香族的聚酰胺酸（PAA）溶液混和,制备出了不同二氧化硅含量的杂化薄膜。在实验中,首次采用偶联剂来提高无机组分二氧化硅与有机组分聚酰胺酸的相容性,制备各种二氧化硅含量的有机－无机透明的杂化薄膜。扫描电镜分析结果表明,杂化膜的微观相结构与二氧化硅的含量、偶联剂的加入有关。     

聚合物基有机-无机杂化材料的制备研究

介绍制备聚合物基有机-无机杂化材料的成键方式及制备的主要方法、原理及其特点，包括溶胶．凝胶法、插层复合法、其混法、原位聚合法、纳米微粒原位生成法和微乳液法等，并对有机-无机杂化材料今后的发展作了展望。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.