烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对Cu-Al2O3性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,通过粉末冶金法制备氧化铝铜（Cu-Al₂O₃）。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度仪和涡流计分别测试了Cu-Al₂O₃的结合能、微观组织、硬度和导电率。结果表明：随Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数达到0.084%时,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值75.73（HRB）。Cu-Al₂O₃的导电率随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加逐渐下降。Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数为0.084%时为最佳值,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值,导电率达到69.1% IACS。     

SrTiO3/ TiO2复合纳米薄膜的缺陷态

采用电化学方法,研究 SrTiO3/ TiO2复合纳米结构电极和 TiO2电极的缺陷态性质。结果表明：SrTiO3/ TiO2复合电极和 TiO2电极捕获的电子总量分别为 0. 84 ×1017cm 2和 1. 21 ×1017cm 2;两电极相比,SrTiO3/ TiO2复合电极的缺陷态密度较小,可减少光生电子和空穴的复合,增大光生载流子的浓度,增强复合材料的光活性。     

乙二胺合钴-尿素络合法脱除NO的实验研究

在半连续的鼓泡反应器中,对乙二胺合钴-尿素络合法脱除烟气中的NO进行实验研究.结果表明,向尿素溶液中添加乙二胺合钴可以增大溶液中NO2的氧化度和NO的溶解度,使吸收液的脱硝率有较大的提高;增大氧气浓度、Co(en)3+3浓度、NO进口浓度,脱硝率也随之增加;增大尿素浓度,脱硝率增加的幅度较小;增大烟气流量不利于NO的吸收;当p H值为10.4,温度在60~70℃之间时,吸收液可以保持较高的脱硝率.     

氨基改性Fe3O4@SiO2核壳结构的DNA吸附特性

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以平均粒径20 nm的Fe3O4纳米颗粒为种子,在碱性环境下催化正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)水解制备Fe3O4@SiO2核壳结构纳米复合粒子;并采用前接枝方式在40℃水浴温度下,APTES为硅烷偶联剂,制备氨基功能化Fe3O4@SiO2纳米复合材料;通过透射电镜和红外光谱仪对材料的形貌和结构进行表征,并通过凝胶电泳,生物分光光度计等实验手段研究材料氨基改性前后对质粒DNA的吸附性能.研究结果表明:氨基改性后的纳米复合材料比没有改性的材料对质粒DNA具有更加良好的吸附性能,改性后的材料在吸附量和吸附速率上均有大幅度提高,且随着材料的用量加大,其最终的吸附效果也更好,并且由于材料良好的磁性能,使得被吸附的DNA能够更有效更方便地被回收.     

NH4HCO3溶液吸收SO2的研究

中国是以火力发电为主的国家,自改革开放以来,随着生产生活水平的提高,中国的用电需求量不断提高,随之而来的是耗煤量及SO2排放量的不断增加,SO2污染严重,对生态环境、人民生活、社会发展造成了巨大损失。环境污染是制约中国经济发展的一个重要因素。因此SO2减排势在必行。氨法脱硫与其他方法相比,具有较高的脱除率和反应速率。文章采用空塔喷淋的方法,以NH4HCO3溶液为吸收液,考察了吸收液浓度、氮硫比、滞留时间对脱硫效率和反应速度的影响,选择出适宜的反应条件。结果表明,吸收液浓度越高,反应速率越快,脱硫效率越高;随着SO2浓度增高,反应速率加快而脱硫效率降低;在雾化程度越高、滞留时间越长时,脱硫效率越高。     

Bi2Se3纳米片的生长及其圆偏振光电流的研究

本文采用化学气相沉积法制备了三维拓扑绝缘体Bi₂Se₃纳米片。对Bi₂Se₃纳米片进行了详细的表征并研究了样品的圆偏振光致电流。在1064纳米圆偏振激光激发下,Bi₂Se₃纳米片的圆偏振光致电流强度随入射角的增大而逐渐增大。研究发现圆偏振光电流强度随着温度的降低先增大后减小,这与动量弛豫时间及电子空穴复合率相关。此外,我们还通过外加离子液体栅压调控Bi₂Se₃纳米片的圆偏振光致电流,圆偏振光致电流强度随着外加偏压的增大而减小,这是由于我们所测得的圆偏振光致电流由拓扑绝缘体Bi₂Se₃表面信号与二维电子气信号叠加形成,且二者方向相反导致。     

超声波下酸化碘酸钾和亚硫酸钠反应的反应速率研究

分别测定在有超声波作用和在无超声波作用条件下 ,酸化碘酸钾 (KIO3 )和亚硫酸钠 (Na2 SO3 )反应的反应速率方程式及活化能 ,从而研究该反应的机理以及超声波在该反应中的作用 ,并确定反应的最佳条件。实验得出 ,超声波对该反应有一定的促进作用 ,但是这种促进作用只提高反应的速率常数和降低反应的活化能 ,并没有改变反应机理。在超声波功率为 30 0W时 ,反应的速率方程表示式为 :v =k·c1 0 9(KIO3 ) ·c1 0 0 (Na2 SO3 )·c1 0 8(H+ ) ,其中 :k =95 0 (mol-1·L) 2 ·s-1,活化能为 17 35kJ·mol-1。实验还得出 ,在温度为2 98K时 ,当KIO3 与Na2 SO3 的初始浓度比为 2∶5 ,H+ 的初始浓度为 0 0 4 2 8mol·L-1,超声功率为 30 0W时 ,反应速率为最快 ,即v =4 31× 10 -4mol·L-1·s-1)。     

Na_2O对CaO-Al_2O_3基渣系性能的影响

分析了向CaO-Al2O3基熔渣中添加Na2O对熔渣性能的影响,并比较了几种不同的添加剂对渣系黏度的影响.研究表明:w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)=1.1时,渣系中随着Na2O含量的增加,CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度先降低后升高,在Na2O质量分数为4%处出现极小值;Na2O的添加还会导致CaO-Al2O3渣系的熔化温度升高;Na2O,Li2O和MgO都可以降低CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度,其降低渣系黏度的能力由大到小依次为Li2O>Na2O>MgO.综合考虑Na2O对渣系黏度和熔化温度的影响,Na2O在CaO-Al2O3渣系中的加入量以不超过4%为宜.     

复合氧化物Co3O4/Bi2O3对甲苯的光催化作用

采用微乳法制备复合氧化物Co₃O₄/Bi₂O₃纳米粒子， 用TG-DTA， XRD， XPS和FT-IR对其表征， 以甲苯为气相有机污染物研究Co₃O₄/Bi₂O₃的光催化活性. 结果表明， 微乳法制备的Co₃O₄/Bi₂O₃粒子光催化活性优于纯氧化铋； 活性的提高程度与n(Co) ∶n(Bi)有关， 其最佳配比为0.02 ∶1； 光催化活性随焙烧温度升高而增大, 750 ℃焙烧的样品催化活性最好.     

Fe3O4@NiSiO3纳米催化剂制备及催化臭氧化降解对苯二甲酸性能研究

采用水热法和溶胶凝胶法制备Fe₃O₄@SiO₂纳米颗粒,经表面镍刻蚀得到Fe₃O₄@NiSiO₃磁性纳米催化剂。利用XRD、TEM和VSM等手段表征催化剂的晶体和表面结构。构建类均相催化臭氧化体系,考察其催化降解对苯二甲酸性能。结果表明：在臭氧通入量10.52 mg.min_-1、催化剂投加量40 mg.L_-1和初始溶液pH=9的条件下,催化臭氧化反应20 min时对苯二甲酸降解率为78.13%,TOC去除率27.25%;5次循环实验后,PTA降解率仅下降2.75%。