二氧化硅气凝胶的纳米结构与分形特性研究

二氧化硅气凝胶的纳米结构与分形特性研究沈甲，王珏，吴翔二氧化硅气凝胶是用溶胶一凝胶法经超临界干燥工艺制得的新型轻质纳米多孔材料．用ＢＥＴ、ＳＥＭ、ＳＡＸＳ等手段研究了其纳米结构．发现不同催化剂条件下制备的气凝胶纳米结构不同，且具有不同的分形特性．同时...     

亚临界干燥制备Sio2气凝胶

以Ｅ－４０（多聚硅氧烷）为硅源,ＨＦ为催化剂,采用异丁醇为干燥介质,用溶胶凝胶法在亚临界条件下制备了ＳｉＯ２气凝胶,用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）、孔径分布测定仪、比表面积测试（ＢＥＴ）等方法对其微结构进行了研究,结果表明,所制备的ＳｉＯ２气凝胶具有纳米网络结构（平均颗粒大小约１０ｎｍ,平均孔径为１４．５ｎｍ）和大比表面积（约７０８．３ｍ＾２．ｇ＾－１）。由于亚临界干燥使得制备压力从６．４ＭＰａ降低到     

RF气凝胶的性能测试和应用研究

间苯二酚－甲醛气凝胶是一种无序，多孔的纳米非晶固态材料，其碳化产物碳化气凝胶具有大的比表面和面积，好的导电性和电化学稳定性，成为制备超级电化学双层电容器的理想电极材料。文中研究了ＦＲ，ＣＲＦ气凝胶的网络结构，成分组成，孔径分布及电导率等特性．研究了ＲＦ气凝胶的碳化过程，并研制出了静电容量为３０Ｆ．ｇ＾－１的ＳＥＤＬＣＳ的实验室原理性器件，从而为该材料的应用开了奠定了基础。     

介孔固体新材料氧化硅气凝胶的研究

氧化硅气凝胶是一种低密度、高孔隙率的纳米非晶固态材料,也是一种极具应用前景的介孔固体材料．采用溶胶－凝胶法和超临界干燥技术,制备出品质优良的二氧化硅气凝胶,采用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ、ＢＥＴ等手段对样品的比表面积、孔隙率及力学性质等进行了初步研究．     

气凝胶材料的研究进展

气凝胶材料是一种由纳米粒子或聚合物分子链组成的具备三维纳米结构的多孔材料,具有低密度、高孔隙率、高孔体积和高比表面积等结构特点,显现出优异的光、热、声、电和力学等特性,在航空航天、石油化工、环境保护、建筑保温、能量储存与转化等领域具有广泛的应用价值。迄今为止,气凝胶的种类已由最初的SiO_2气凝胶发展到了具有特定功能的各类新型气凝胶,从而有效拓宽了气凝胶的应用范围。气凝胶材料通常采用溶胶-凝胶、老化、溶剂置换并结合超临界干燥、冷冻干燥或常压干燥等过程制备。气凝胶材料按照组成可以分为单组分气凝胶和多组分气凝胶,其中单组分气凝胶主要包括氧化物气凝胶、碳化物气凝胶、氮化物气凝胶、石墨烯气凝胶(GA)、量子点气凝胶、聚合物基有机气凝胶、生物质基有机及C气凝胶和其他种类气凝胶,而多组分气凝胶由两种及以上单组分气凝胶构成或者由纤维、晶须、纳米管等作为增强体所形成的气凝胶复合材料。本文主要介绍各类单组分及其复合气凝胶材料的制备方法及其在隔热、吸附、催化、储能转化和生物医用等领域的应用,对近年来气凝胶在制备及应用方面所取得的突破性进展进行了综述。同时也指出在基础研究方面亟需通过理论计算和实验研究相结合,实现气凝胶网络结构生长调控、表面组成及化学结构调控和高温组织结构稳定性调控;在功能型气凝胶材料开发方面,通过反应机制深入研究气凝胶材料结构和性能关联,实现高性能的多功能型气凝胶材料突破性进展;在规模化应用方面,寻找成本低廉的前驱体原料和降低气凝胶干燥成本是气凝胶产业化进程长远发展的关键。     

Zn_2SiO_4:Mn纳米微晶薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备及其光致发光性质研究

以硝酸锌，硝酸锰，正硅酸乙酯，无水乙醇为主要原料，用溶胶－凝胶提拉法制备了Ｚｎ２ＳｉＯ４：Ｍｎ薄膜．并利用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、荧光分光光度计和多频荧光寿命仪等对薄膜进行了分析．结果表明，采用上述先驱物通过溶胶－凝胶过程可获得均匀致密的薄膜．在空气中干燥后于适当温度下热处理可得到纳米微晶Ｚｎ２ＳｉＯ４：Ｍｎ薄膜．其荧光寿命从常规粉末材料的的ｍｓ量级缩短至ｎｓ量级     

8—羟基喹啉铝处于SiO2气凝胶纳米孔中的光谱特性研究

制备了块状的ＳｉＯ２气凝胶,把具有很好电致发光（ＥＬ）和光致发光（ＰＬ）性能的８－羟基喹啉铝渗入到气凝胶的纳米孔洞中,可见－紫外吸收光谱表明８－羟基喹啉铝在ＳｉＯ２气凝胶的纳米孔洞中发生了化学吸附,且吸附作用随着气凝胶密度的减小而增强：ＰＬ谱中８－羟基喹啉铝的光致发射谱峰从４７０ｎｍ移至４５０ｎｍ。     

单质银在多孔SiO2中的析晶

利用溶胶－凝胶工艺制备了银－多孔ＳｉＯ２凝胶玻璃。利用ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ、ＳＥＭ等分析技术研究了单质银粒子的晶过程。干凝胶中的银盐因制备过程不同可以硝酸银和草酸银２种形式存在。析出银粒子的尺寸的纳米量级范围内。测量出银的晶格常数为０．４１ｎｍ，比纯单质的略大。计算了银粒子在多孔ＳｉＯ２中析晶的动力学参数，并作了相应的分析。     

硬脂酸溶胶-凝胶法合成SrTiO_3纳米晶

以硬脂酸、醋酸锶和钛酸丁酯为原料，采用硬脂酸溶胶－凝胶法（ＳＡＧ）合成凝胶，经过热处理获得ＳｒＴｉＯ３纳米晶．ＩＲ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ分析了凝胶的热处理过程；ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ分析了纳米ＳｒＴｉＯ３的形貌及晶相．在６５０℃保温３ｈ合成四方相ＳｒＴｉＯ３纳米晶，颗粒均匀呈球形，平均粒径６０ｎｍ．     

纤维对气凝胶复合材料导热和力学性能的影响研究

采用酸碱两步催化制备硅溶胶,将3种不同类型的纤维（如玻璃纤维、涤纶纤维和静电纺聚偏氟乙烯微纳米纤维等）作为增强材料,在常压干燥条件下制备出结构稳定的纤维增强气凝胶隔热复合材料．研究了纤维种类、直径等对复合材料结构、力学性能和导热性能的影响,结果表明,气凝胶隔热复合材料的导热系数约在0．025～0．028W·m-K^-1间,与常温下静止空气导热系数接近,具有较好的隔热保温性能;而气凝胶复合材料的抗压强度较纯气凝胶大幅提高了4～5倍,其中以微纳尺度静电纺纤维增强的气凝胶复合材料还具有较好的柔性和结构完整性．     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to