Ce-MCM-41分子筛催化臭氧氧化水中腐殖酸

采用水热法合成铈掺杂MCM-41（Ce-MCM-41）介孔分子筛,并将其用于臭氧氧化水中腐殖酸.本文研究了催化剂投加量、铈掺杂量、反应温度和初始pH对腐殖酸降解及矿化的影响. 结果表明,腐殖酸在Ce-MCM-41/O3体系内可实现有效降解. 与单独臭氧氧化相比,Ce-MCM-41催化剂的加入可提高臭氧氧化腐殖酸的矿化效果. 催化剂投加量为100 mg/L时,催化剂具有较好的催化活性,反应60min,DOC去除率为70.58%（Si/Ce=80）;三种铈掺杂量催化剂的添加均能提高腐殖酸矿化效果. 在278 ~308 K实验范围内,腐殖酸溶液的DOC去除率和UV254去除率均随反应温度升高而提高.溶液初始pH为6.0~8.5时,DOC去除率随碱性增强而略微下降. 表明温度和溶液初始pH影响催化臭氧氧化去除腐殖酸的效果. 此外,还考察了添加Ce-MCM-41对含溴水臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐生成的影响,与单独臭氧相比,1.00 g Ce-MCM-41分子筛的加入减少了46.94%溴酸盐生成. 结果表明添加Ce-MCM-41分子筛可抑制溴酸盐的生成. 因此Ce-MCM-41分子筛可用于提高臭氧氧化腐殖酸效果和减少含溴水臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐的生成.     

藻有机物的消毒副产物生成特性研究

采用腐殖酸、铜绿微囊藻及其胞外有机物(EOMs)、牛血清蛋白(BSA)、淀粉、DNA和鱼油分别代表和模拟腐殖酸、藻类及其EOMs、藻类蛋白质、藻类多糖、藻类核酸和藻类脂肪,并分别考察这些化合物的三卤甲烷(THMs)、卤乙酸(HAAs)和N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)等消毒副产物的生成情况.结果表明,这7种有机物样品的THMs生成势分别为2.46,11.55,4.01,3.60,0.75,3.08,17.57μg/mg TOC,HAAs生成势分别为4.46,14.82,5.28,10.60,1.68,5.70,4.64μg/mg TOC,NDMA生成势分别为0.293,0.216,0.054,0.212,0,0.215,0μg/mg TOC.综合比较可知,除淀粉外的其他模拟藻有机物样品均具有较腐殖酸更高的THMs和HAAs生成势,而腐殖酸则具有较所有模拟藻有机物样品更高的NDMA生成势.     

海水入侵对澳门供水中三卤甲烷形成的影响

以澳门江水为对象,探讨了旱季由于海水入侵引起的饮用水源中溴离子浓度升高对氯化消毒过程中三卤甲烷形成规律的影响.结果表明,海水入侵造成水源水中盐度和溴离子浓度升高,使处理后水三卤甲烷生成势,溴代三卤甲烷浓度及三卤甲烷致癌风险均有所升高.此外,烧杯搅拌试验结果表明,传统给水处理工艺对水中有机物及由其引起的三卤甲烷生成势及三卤甲烷致癌风险没有有效的去除效能.     

超声催化臭氧去除滤后水中微量有机物研究

研究了超声波催化臭氧处理松花江滤后水中微量有机物的种类及其含量变化.并利用GC-MS等多种检测手段对比分析了单独超声、单独臭氧及其组合三种不同工艺氧化后,出水中微量有机物种类及质量浓度的变化.结果表明,单独超声、单独臭氧及超声强化臭氧氧化后,出水中有机物种类分别由原来的57种降为41、39、30种,三种氧化工艺对烷烃、杂环烃、芳香烃类物质去除较好,酮醛类物质氧化后明显增加.     

O_3-BAC工艺对含溴水体消毒副产物生成势的影响

该文主要研究了含溴水体在经过臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)工艺处理前后消毒副产物生成势的变化。通过加氯培养测定三卤甲烷(THMs)和卤乙酸(HAAs)的生成势。结果表明:进水经过臭氧-生物活性炭系统处理后,总三卤甲烷(TTHM)和9种卤乙酸(HAA9)的生成势均降低了20μg/L左右,抑制率在30%以上。其中,主要去除的是一些含氯的消毒副产物如三氯甲烷、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸的前体物。当原水中含有高质量浓度的Br-时,臭氧化可能会导致含溴消毒副产物(如三溴甲烷、一溴乙酸和二溴乙酸)占总消毒副产物的分配比例升高。同时,研究表明:活性炭对于溴代副产物(Br-DBPs)前体物的去除效果低于氯代副产物(ClDBPs),因此在经过Q3-BAC工艺处理后,消毒副产物生成势中,溴代产物所占分配比例进一步增加。     

催化臭氧化降解土霉素的研究

采用Mn^2 ／MnO2复合催化剂催化臭氧化降解土霉素,结果表明Mn^2 ／MnO2复合催化剂具有较好的催化臭氧化性能．与单独臭氧化相比,反应20min后土霉素去除率由原来的2．4％提高到77．2％,60min后土霉素去除率由原来的44．5％提高到93．6％．Mn^2 ／MnO2催化剂的作用机理是催化臭氧分解产生了高活性的氧化剂——羟基自由基．     

二氧化氯预氧化控制饮用水三卤甲烷生成势的研究

为了减少饮用水中三卤甲烷（THMs）的生成,采用二氧化氯预氧化取代传统的预氯化．采用自制的二氧化氯,其纯度在99％以上,在避光／封口的条件下,投加2mg／L的二氧化氯与原水反应30min．通过超滤膜法分析不同分子量区间三卤甲烷生成势（THMFP）的变化,发现大部分小分子物质被氯化生成THMs,经二氧化氯氧化后,发现不同分子量区间的THMFP均有所降低,且部分大分子物质变为小分子物质,这些物质较难与氯发生反应生成THMs,说明THMs的生成不仅与分子量有关还与分子结构相关．另外,二氧化氯预氧化对色度和浊度都有比较明显的去除效果．     

UV/O3氧化邻苯二甲酸二甲酯溶液研究

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为环境优先控制污染物。本文采用紫外光—臭氧氧化法、单纯紫外光照及单纯臭氧氧化法处理邻苯二甲酸二甲酯废水。结果表明：单独紫外光照及单独臭氧化对邻苯二甲酸二酯防溶液的TOC去除率很低，紫外光催化臭氧化可加速有机物的矿化。UV/O3较单独臭氧化TOC由单独臭氧化的33％可提高到100％。在同样时间条件下，UV／O3、单独O3、单独UV三者对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯矿化作用由大至小为：UV／O3、O3、UV。     

γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧深度处理蔗渣制浆废水

对单独臭氧氧化处理制浆废水与γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧深度处理制浆废水进行了对比研究,结果表明:γ-Al_2O_3对臭氧具有一定的催化作用,能够显著提高废水的COD_(Cr)去除率;随着主要影响因素pH值、反应温度、臭氧浓度和催化剂用量的增加,COD_(Cr)去除率均先增大后降低;同时,γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧还能够有效地降低废水中AOX(可吸附有机卤化物)的含量;实验室条件下,处理30 min,AOX去除率可达80.4%.文中还采用扫描电镜对再生前后的γ-Al_2O_3、采用UV和GC-MS对处理前后的废水进行分析,结果显示,γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧能大幅降低废水中的有机物种类和含量,并且能较好地降解难生物降解的有机物,其作为催化剂具有良好的稳定性,重复使用8次后,经过焙烧再生,仍可保持88.5%的催化活性.     

预臭氧化对含氮消毒副产物形成影响的分析与综述

为了实现对饮用水中含氮消毒副产物(N-DBPs)的控制,探究了臭氧化预处理对N-DBPs生成的影响.以3类典型的N-DBPs,即亚硝胺、卤代硝基甲烷和卤乙腈为研究对象,基于3类典型的N-DBPs的形成机理,整理和分析了臭氧化预处理对氯(胺)消毒处理过程中3类典型N-DBPs形成的影响.研究发现:臭氧化预处理在大部分情况下都可以降低氯(胺)消毒过程中N-DBPs的生成,然而对于一些特殊的水体,可能由于N-DBPs高生成势前体的存在,臭氧化预处理反而使得NDBPs的生成升高了.同时,针对目前臭氧化预处理的研究现状,提出了今后有待进一步研究的问题.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.