吐哈油田气举采油适应性分析

气举是人为地将高压气体从地面注入到油井中,依靠气体的能量将井中原油举升到地面的人工举升方法,如气举完井工艺优化设计技术、气举完井管柱配套技术、气举阀投捞技术、气举井测试及工况诊断技术、气举系统优化技术.在实践中,针对吐哈两个油田(鄯善油田、丘陵油田)的应用实际,从采油方式、油管尺寸、井口回压、气举阀工作参数、完井管柱、气举阀投捞技术、气举测试等具体问题解决中,对气举采油的适应性进行了分析研究,形成了适合吐哈油田的气举采油配套技术和配套工具系列,从而部分解决吐哈油田气举采油中适应性问题.     

连续油管传输射孔技术应用

本文针对磨030-H9井的实际情况,选择了合理的连续油管传输射孔方案：对油管穿孔实现酸化后的排液;为了防止井下落物引起的卡钻,采用通井模拟方法,为施工安全提供了保障。本次连续油管传输射孔施工获得一次性成功,大大降低了残酸在地层的滞留时间,减小了残酸引起地层污染的可能性;在井口带压的情况下,仍然保证了井控安全。连续油管传输射孔技术在四川油气田的首次成功应用,为该项技术的推广与发展奠定了良好的基础。     

环空注气气举反循环钻井工艺及关键参数设计

利用气举反循环钻井技术解决长宁页岩气表层钻井漏失问题,需要解决常规气举反循环钻井技术井口敞开、井底压力控制不精确等问题。为此,在常规气举反循环钻井技术的基础上,设计了一种环空注气气举反循环钻井新工艺,新工艺加装旋转防喷器、钻杆旋塞等工具,具备井控能力。通过调节注气量、钻井液排量等关键施工参数,控制井底压力,减少钻井漏失。在多相流理论基础上,建立了与新工艺匹配的环空注气气举反循环井底压力计算模型,分析了关键施工参数对井底压力的影响规律,建立了关键参数设计方法,在安全窗口范围内优选关键施工参数,保证安全钻井。结果表明：井底压力随注气量的增大先减小、后增大,存在临界注气量;井底压力随井深增大而增大;井底压力随钻井液排量增大而增大。在长宁某井表层进行了现场试验,与同井段井漏地层相比,较常规钻井工艺技术井漏减少83.6%。研究成果为解决四川长宁页岩气表层井漏问题提供了一种新的技术措施。     

王场油田盐间层地层水结盐规律研究*

盐间泥质白云岩油藏是江汉盐湖沉积盆地非常独特的一种盐间烃源盐油气藏,其中王场油田盐间层具有典型代表性。由于地层水矿化度高,油井生产过程中产生大量的盐垢,导致维护费用大大增加,产量明显下降,酸化压裂效果变差,挤水压力高,有效期短。分析了该油田的地层水理化性能和模拟井筒条件下的井筒结盐规律。研究结果认为:结盐井地层水的的化学成份主要是NaCl,同时含有一定量的CaSO_4和MgSO_4,盐垢样主要为白云石、方解石和钙芒硝,与地层水成分是相吻合;随温度逐渐降低,地层水结盐量增加,特别是在50~70℃结盐速度最快;压力对结盐速度影响不大;低转速(10 000~30 000r/min)对结盐速度影响不大;而高转速(﹥100 000 r/min)条件下结盐速度减慢。     

水平井注水开发碳酸盐油藏实践

阿曼Daleel油田是低渗碳酸盐油藏.在衰竭式开发之后.选择用水平井注水技术来实现其二次开发.作为一种高效的油气田开采技术.水平井注水技术对低渗透油田的开发效果有可极大的改善作用.虽然水平井注水较直井注水具有上述的优势.但它并不是万能的.先导注水试验表明,水平井注水能增大注入量,降低油井气油比.降低注入压力.增大了产油量,与配套水平产油井生产效果良好.精确地质导向技术确保水平钻井的成功,最大限度地确保钻井的成功率.阿曼相邻油田有利用裸眼井分支井和水平井进行注水开发取得成功的经验,油田采用裸眼完井方法进行注水开采完井.考虑油田的气举规模.注水开发后用电泵采油更合适.规模应用水平井注水及其相关配套技术在阿曼Daleel油田取得了良好的效果.     

喇萨杏油田特高含水期最低允许流压界限研究

针对喇萨杏油田特高含水期注水开发的特点,将注水系统、油藏系统和采油系统作为一个整体,结合注采平衡原理,给出了给定注水压力条件下最低允许流压的经验公式。应用该公式,结合注水井吸水能力及采油井产液能力的变化规律,可对不同注水压力、不同地层压力保持水平及不同含水率时的最低允许流压进行测算,为油田开发调整和规划编制提供依据。研究表明,最低允许流压随含水率升高而降低的传统认识只是一个特例,其变化规律还与注采能力、油水井数比等有关。对喇萨杏油田SZ开发区来说,为满足特高含水期的提液要求,须通过注采系统调整进一步降低油水井数比,增加注水井注水量。过度降低采油井井底流压将导致地层压力下降,影响最终水驱开发效果。提出的最低允许流压经验公式形式简单,参数易于收集,对特高含水期开发调整政策的制定具有很好的指导意义。     

各向异性断块油藏油井压力特征分析

各向异性对断块油藏地层压力分布及油井井底压力有明显影响。针对无限大两夹角扇形断块油藏,建立了
考虑断层闭合的单相不稳定渗流模型,利用坐标变换及数值计算得到不同生产时间各向异性断块油藏地层压力及油
井井底压力,分析了不同生产时间、断层夹角和渗透率强度系数对地层压力及油井井底压力影响。通过分析得出：各
向异性油藏压降损失在方向上存在差异,地层压降更多发生在主渗透率方向上;断层夹角越小,断层边界对生产影响
越大,地层及油井井底压力值越低;油井井底压力随渗透率强度系数变化不呈现出单调变化关系,存在先减小后增大
趋势。     

煤层气同心管气举排水工艺参数的确定方法

煤层气井在产气之前需要进行排水降压作业,同心管气举通过在生产油管中加入小油管,可以为气举提供注气通道的同时,又不影响油套环空作为气井的产气通道。结合固相颗粒在垂直气液两相流中的运移模型,给出了同心管气举条件下,不同粒径煤粉颗粒排出井筒所需要的气液流速条件。通过同心管环空气液两相流压力计算,给出了同心管气举阀安装位置的设计方法,并结合煤层气井排采过程中煤层气井的生产动态特征,给出了注气量的确定方法。对同心管气举排水工艺进行了现场试验,分析了试验气井的实际排采曲线,证明同心管气举排水工艺的可行性,以及气举参数设计的合理性。通过计算排采阶段同心管的气举效率,表明该工艺在整个试验阶段可以保持较高的举升效率。根据煤粉排出的临界条件,判断以及预测煤粉在井底沉积的可能性和时间。     

平衡自动控压钻井技术在顺南501井的应用

平衡自动控压钻井是根据地层压力限制,在常规钻井的循环路径中,加入精细控制系统,实现井底压力实时监测,根据要求自动控制井底压力,在钻井过程中始终保持井底压力略大于地层压力的钻井工艺。格瑞迪斯自主研制的平衡自动控压钻井系统在顺南501井成功应用,解决了该井油气活跃、气侵严重导致钻井效率低的难题。     

压回法阶段压井数学模型与模拟分析

 根据压回法压井过程中气体压缩规律和气液两相流特性,提出了压回法压井过程可分为3 个阶段,并建立了考虑气体滑脱的阶段压井数学模型,用于压回法作业井底压力和套压变化规律的定量计算。压井参数敏感性模拟分析表明,压井排量越大,压井持续时间越短,产生的井底压力和套压越大;地层渗透率和渗透性地层厚度对压井第一阶段的井底压力和套压影响不大,但当高渗透或高厚度地层进入压井第二、第三阶段,随渗透率或地层厚度增加,压井产生的井底压力和套压减小,且降幅减缓。通过分析压井过程中井底压力和套压变化规律,绘制了压回法典型压井曲线模型。预测结果与实测数据对比表明：该数学模型具有较高的预测精度,能够为溢流压井方法的选择和压回法施工设计提供理论依据与指导。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.