地震作用对钢桁梁桥车桥系统耦合振动的影响分析

为了研究地震对车桥系统耦合振动的影响,采用最小二乘法对地震加速度进行校正拟合,消除位移时程因直接对加速度时程积分出现的漂移现象。根据弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成矩阵的对号入座法则,将轨道不平顺作为系统的自激激励源,地震作为外部激励,建立考虑地震作用的车桥系统耦合振动方程。并以某钢桁梁桥为例,采用计算机模拟的方法,建立列车和桥梁动力分析的有限元模型,研究地震对车桥系统耦合振动的影响。研究结果表明:在地震作用下,桥梁的动力响应主要取决于地震力,横向地震波对车辆与桥梁的横向动力响应具有非常重要的影响;竖向地震波主要影响车桥系统的竖向振动,对横向振动影响很小;但是,竖向地震波对脱轨系数、轮重减载率、车体竖向加速度的影响较显著,因此,在评判桥上列车的运行安全性时必须考虑竖向地震波的影响。     

公路梁桥车桥耦合振动模型试验设计及校验

根据公路桥梁车桥耦合振动特性及结构动力模型试验的相似理论,基于π定理,采用量纲矩阵分析方法,推导了车桥耦合振动模型试验相似律.几何相似比尺取10,计算了车桥耦合振动缩尺模型试验系统的相似常数;以30 m简支梁桥和330 kN载重汽车为原型,设计制作了包含有机玻璃模型桥、试验小车及附属部分的车桥耦合振动模型试验系统.通过试验测试与理论分析对比,校验了模型桥、试验小车动力特性;以单车荷载按正常行车道位置行驶在光滑桥面为例,研究了模型桥的静态和动态响应,并将模型桥测试结果与Matlab数值模拟结果对比,校验了车桥耦合振动相似理论.研究结果表明:提出的车桥耦合振动缩尺模型试验相似律关系正确,设计制作的车桥耦合振动模型试验系统可行,模型桥基频误差为0.01%,模型试验车基频理论值与实测值相差3%,试验测试结果可靠.     

基于车桥耦合振动的铁路简支梁桥动力分析

以32 m简支梁桥为例,使用有限元软件SIMPACK和ANSYS分别建立CHR动车模型和32 m简支梁桥模型,进行两款软件的联合仿真,研究列车的通过速度和简支梁桥的刚度对桥梁动力响应的影响。研究结果表明:列车通过速度对桥梁跨中的竖向位移及竖向加速度影响比较大,跨中的竖向位移和竖向加速度均随列车通过速度的增大而增大,列车通过速度对桥梁跨中的横向位移和横向加速度影响较小;桥梁刚度对跨中的竖向位移、竖向加速度、横向位移和横向加速度的影响比较小,工程中在现有基础上增大桥梁刚度对提高桥梁结构的稳定性意义不大;该计算方法可用于车桥耦合振动分析,计算结果可为高速铁路桥梁建设提供依据。     

基于车桥耦合等截面连续梁桥单损伤识别研究

文章基于车桥耦合振动分析的基本理论，选用1/4车辆模型，对等截面连续梁桥进行单处裂缝损伤的识别研究。首先计算得到连续梁桥的振型函数，然后利用编写的程序模拟车辆匀速驶过桥梁的过程，求解车桥耦合振动的方程得出车辆及桥梁关键特殊位置的响应。基于该文改进的非线性车桥耦合振动方程求解无损伤和有损伤时桥梁竖向振动响应直接进行损伤识别，无需再进行特殊的信号处理。以某三跨等截面连续梁桥作为研究对象，进行单处裂缝损伤的工况分析。研究结果表明，可以通过桥梁跨中竖向位移出现偏差的位置区间和偏差的大小程度，辅以跨中竖向位移响应的变化规律，判别出裂缝损伤的位置范围以及相对损伤程度。     

货物列车编组对列车-桥梁系统空间振动的影响

基于列车、桥梁空间振动分析模型,利用弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成系统矩阵的“对号入座”法则,建立了列车-桥梁系统空间振动矩阵方程,采用Wilson-θ法求解。研究了5种不同货物列车编组对列车-桥梁系统空间振动响应的影响,得出了一些符合物理概念的桥梁振动响应时程曲线。研究结果表明:机车、车辆轴重是影响桥梁竖向振动位移的主因;空载货车作用下的车桥系统横向振动响应比重车的要大;全列空车编组及空重混编是影响列车-桥梁系统横向振动响应的不利编组,而全列空车编组更为不利;在进行桥上货物列车脱轨分析时,宜采用全列空车编组;通过改善列车编组的方法可以提高列车-桥梁系统振动性能。     

基于不同载重与车速的简支梁桥动力响应

采用振型分解法求解车桥耦合振动方程,分析简支梁桥在不同载重和车速作用下的动力响应.车辆采用1/2车模型,简支梁桥采用欧拉梁,建立车桥耦合振动方程,运用Ansys软件,得出简支梁桥跨中挠度变化曲线.结果表明,车辆载重的增加导致桥梁跨中挠度增加,车辆标准载重及车辆超载100%时跨中挠度分别为0.028,0.049 m.随着车辆速度增加,简支梁桥跨中挠度在车速60 km/h时达到峰值,此时桥梁与车辆产生共振.     

基于ANSYS和SIMPACK联合仿真的大跨钢箱提篮拱桥车-桥耦合振动分析

为高效求解高速铁路大跨钢箱提篮拱桥车-桥耦合振动特性,并考虑列车系统弹簧阻尼系与轮轨接触的非线性特征,充分利用ANSYS和SIMAPCK软件平台各自优势,提出了一套可高效求解复杂车桥耦合系统的分析方法。该方法利用ANSYS作为前处理,建立大跨钢箱提篮拱桥精细化有限元模型,运行Lanczos法进行模态分析,再利用HBMAT命令提取桥梁关键模态信息作为关键输入文件,而列车与轮轨接触在SIMPACK平台构建。通过SIMAPCK读取ANSYS输入的关键数据文件,建立车桥耦合分析的动力学模型。运用SIMPACK中的有限元接口模块(Flex Modal)构建一个质量可以忽略的虚刚体实现列车与桥梁的耦合。最后,以实测南广(南宁—广州)铁路西江特大桥动力响应数据为分析样本,通过计算值与实测值的对比,验证提出的方法的可靠性。结果表明:基于ANSYS和SIMPACK的联合仿真是开展车-桥耦合振动研究的有效方法;由轨道不平顺或轮对蛇行运动引起的周期性激励可能引发横向共振,而发生竖向共振的可能性较小;桥梁结构横向振幅由于受车辆偏载影响较大,单线行车的横向振幅大于双线行车;受激励频率的影响,竖向舒适度指标和加速度可能不随车速单调递增;脱轨系数、轮重减载率、竖向舒适度指标和加速度受活载导致的竖向振动影响较大,而横向舒适度指标和加速度则受偏载效应影响较大。研究结果可为类似桥梁的动力设计提供参考。     

计算车桥耦合振动路面不平度影响的虚拟梁元法

为了准确、高效计算车桥耦合振动中路面不平度的影响,提出一种在车桥耦合竖向振动分析中处理路面不平度的虚拟梁元法,采用界面接触法建立车辆和路面不平顺轨迹刚性梁间的耦合传力,同时将不平顺轨迹刚性梁模拟成机动体系与桥梁结构建立连接,将虚拟梁元作为车轮的行驶轨迹,简化路面不平度输入时的编程难度。研究结果表明:所设置的虚拟梁元对桥梁结构竖向刚度和自振特性没有影响;虚拟梁元法计算结果受有限元模型网格划分尺寸影响很小,结果稳定性好;不同车辆模型分别以不同速度通过路面平顺状态下的简支梁算例桥梁时,分离迭代法计算的跨中位移最大动挠度与文献结果最大相对偏差1.14%,虚拟梁元法与文献结果最大相对偏差为2.06%;1/4车辆以40 km/h的车速通过算例桥梁时,A级路面不平顺下,2种方法获得的跨中位移动挠度相对偏差为1.58%,B级路面为2.99%,C级路面为3.62%;采用虚拟梁元法计算7自由度空间车辆以不同车速通过平面简支板桥的车桥耦合振动效应时,跨中位移最大动挠度与文献结果最大相对偏差为2.45%;比较分离迭代法和虚拟梁元法在求解同一问题时的CPU time花费,虚拟梁元法用时为分离迭代法的1/4,效率较高。虚拟梁元法可以准确计入路面不平度的影响,且在求解空间车辆和三维桥梁车桥耦合振动问题时具有较高的精度,比传统的分离迭代法具有较高的计算效率。     

简支梁车桥耦合振动及其影响因素

针对主梁刚度下降对车桥耦合振动响应的影响问题,提出基于ANSYS单一环境下的车桥耦合振动响应数值分析方法.将桥梁与车辆模型独立建于ANSYS环境下,并通过APDL编程语言实现耦合关系,得到振动时程响应曲线,与相关文献对比验证其正确性;并利用该算法研究了当车辆行驶速度、刚度下降段长度、刚度下降比例变化时简支梁桥的车桥耦合振动特性,给出了冲击系数、加速度峰值等参数的三维变化曲面图,分析各参数对车辆过桥时的耦合振动影响.研究结果表明:该算法与传统算法相差小于1％;当简支梁主梁刚度下降时,跨中挠度冲击系数最大值为0.168,跨中弯矩冲击系数最大值为0.239,车辆竖向加速度最大值为0.973,跨中截面竖向加速度最大值为1.354;并且以上参数受到车辆行驶速度的影响程度较大,受主梁刚度降低的影响较小.     

铁路大跨度钢管混凝土提篮拱桥车桥耦合振动分析

运用桥梁结构动力学与车辆动力学的研究方法,建立列车与桥梁的耦合振动模型和时变系统空间振动方程,对主跨380m的钢管混凝土提篮拱桥进行了车桥耦合振动分析,并对桥梁横、竖向位移,车辆脱轨系数、轮重减载率和Sperling指标进行了分析和评价,结果均满足我国相关规定要求,保证了行车的安全性和舒适性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.