WC/12Co颗粒增强Ni60A复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备不同配比的WC/12Co+Ni60A复合涂层.利用SEM、EDS、XRD等分析技术对该涂层的形貌特征、物相组成和微区成分进行分析,并对涂层硬度及耐磨性进行测试.结果表明:在Ni60A中添加WC/12Co颗粒可使涂层的硬度和耐磨性显著提高,当WC/12Co质量分数为30%时,复合涂层的耐磨性较Ni60A涂层的耐磨性提高10.4倍;WC/12Co+Ni60A复合涂层主要由WC增强颗粒、γ-Ni基体及基体上分布的Cr2B、Cr7C3、Ni3Si2、W2C等相组成.其中大部分未熔的WC颗粒弥散分布在γ-Ni基体上形成硬质点相,是提高涂层耐磨性的主要因素;同时WC颗粒的存在对γ-Ni基固溶体基体有强化作用,使得涂层耐磨性进一步提高.     

添加剂铜在等离子喷涂WC-12Co涂层中的作用研究

以WC-12Co和Cu180粉末为热喷涂材料,采用等离子喷涂系统制备涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对添加铜的WC-12Co涂层的显微组织和相结构进行观察与分析,并使用MH-6维氏硬度仪测量涂层的显微硬度HV,研究添加铜对WC-12Co涂层微观组织、相组成和硬度的影响规律。结果表明：添加铜后,WC-12Co涂层的显微组织更加致密,但显微硬度降低;涂层主要成分是WC及其脱碳产物W2C以及铜的氧化物Cu2O、CuO,添加铜对WC的脱碳起到了一定的抑制作用;喷涂过程中铜具有很好的流动性,填充到涂层形成过程中颗粒间的孔隙,降低涂层孔隙率。     

添加剂铜对等离子喷涂WC-12Co涂层的相的影响研究

本文以WC-12Co和Cu180粉末为热喷涂材料，采用等离子喷涂系统制备涂层，利用x射线衍射仪对添加铜的WC-12Co涂层的相结构进行分析，研究添加铜对WC-12Co涂层相组成的影响规律。结果表明：添加铜后，WC-12Co涂层的主要成分是WC及其脱碳产物W2C以及铜的氧化物Cu2O、CuO，添加铜对WC的脱碳起到了一定的抑制作用。     

气体成分对Al2O3-TiO2涂层结构和硬度的影响

为了研究低功率等离子喷涂中工作气体成分对涂层结构和硬度的影响规律,在试验中我们分别使用了氩-氢和氩-氮等离子炬,在输入相同功率(5 kW)的条件下,改变混合气体中氢气与氮气的百分含量,来喷涂Al2O3-TiO2涂层.结果表明,用氩-氮等离子炬喷涂的涂层比较粗糙,相图中层间距较大,气孔较多;而用氩-氢等离子炬喷涂的涂层则比较均匀,层间距比较小,气孔也比较少,涂层比较致密,其硬度明显高于氩-氮等离子炬喷涂的涂层,Hv可以达到1243 kg·mm-2.     

超音速火焰喷涂细晶WC-12 Co涂层的组织性能

利用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂技术,制备了一种钴质量分数为12%的细晶碳化钨基硬质合金涂层(WC-12Co),研究了涂层的组织结构、相组成和干滑动摩擦磨损行为。研究结果表明:HVOF喷涂的细晶WC-12Co涂层微观组织致密、均匀,WC晶粒尺寸与初始粉末相当,为500～900 nm。涂层主要为WC相和Co相,有少量W_2C相。与淬火态GCr15钢环干滑动对磨时,磨损率维持在10~(-7) mm~3/(N·m)量级,耐磨性良好,干滑动摩擦因数为0.67～0.76。涂层的主要磨损机制为金属Co相的被挤压、犁削和WC颗粒的剥落。重载时,涂层的磨损机制转化为接触疲劳裂纹扩展,导致局部片层剥离,并伴随着富Co区与对磨环的黏着磨损。     

螺杆表面超音速喷涂WC-Co耐磨涂层的研究

采用超音速喷涂技术在45#钢螺杆表面制备了钴基碳化钨型合金涂层,利用SEM、XRD和金相等手段分析了涂层的组织和性能.结果表明: 在45#钢基体和涂层的界面区域, WC-Co涂层主要由细小的WC相、块状含铁相和分布均匀的钴相组成;在WC-Co/45#钢界面层中,块状含铁相是α-Fe和马氏体组织;涂层的拉伸结合强度达到65 MPa, 显微硬度达到1200 HV.     

钛表面电火花沉积涂层的微观特征及性能

在TA2基体表面电火花沉积制备WC涂层和CoCr/WC涂层,对比研究两种涂层的形貌、表面粗糙度、厚度、物相组成、显微硬度以及相对耐磨性。研究结果表明:CoCr/WC涂层比WC涂层缺陷少,界面结合较好。WC涂层和CoCr/WC涂层表面粗糙度分别约为7.887μm和7.445μm。WC涂层和CoCr/WC涂层厚度分别约为20μm和40μm。WC涂层表面主要由W_2C、TiC和W等物相组成,CoCr/WC涂层表面主要由W_2C、Co_3W_3C和W等物相组成。WC涂层表面和CoCr/WC涂层表面显微硬度值最大分别达970HV和1040HV。WC涂层和CoCr/WC涂层的相对耐磨性分别为2.5和3.2。制备WC涂层和CoCr/WC涂层使基体表面性能发生改变,CoCr/WC涂层的综合性能优于WC涂层。     

铸钢轧辊电火花沉积YG8涂层的组织结构和性能

采用新型电火花沉积设备,把YG8电极材料沉积在铸钢轧辊材料上,制备了WC沉积涂层,研究了其微观组织及耐磨性能. 结果表明:沉积层主要由Fe3W3C、Co3W3C、W2C和Fe7W6C等相组成;沉积层与基体冶金结合,具有纳米颗粒尺寸的Fe7W6、W2C等硬质相弥散分布于沉积层中;沉积层的平均硬度为1 331 HV;沉积层较铸钢轧辊的磨损性能提高了2.3倍;沉积层的磨损机理以疲劳磨损为主,细小的弥散分布的硬质相是沉积层硬度及耐磨性提高的主要因素.     

微波烧结制备纳米稀土改性WC-Co硬质合金

以WC粉为基体,Co粉为粘结相,添加纳米Y2O3,通过球磨、压制成型和微波烧结制备WC-Co硬质合金。结果表明:制备的试样相结构为WC和η相(Co3W3C相),随烧结温度提高,试样的相对密度明显增大,在1 300℃时达到最高值,继续升高到1 320℃时出现局部熔融现象,随保温时间延长,试样的相对密度明显增大,但保温20 min后趋于稳定。加入纳米Y2O3可以明显细化晶粒,且其硬度和抗弯强度有一定程度提高。     

爆炸喷涂工艺参数对WC-Co涂层结构和硬度的影响

为了研究爆炸喷涂过程中爆炸频率、气体流量等喷涂工艺参数对WC-Co涂层结构和硬度的影响规律,以钴的质量分数为12%的钴粘结碳化钨粉末YF12为喷涂材料,分别选用4组爆炸喷涂工艺参数来制备WC-Co涂层.结果表明,当爆炸频率和氧、乙炔的气体流量较低时,涂层比较粗糙,片层间距较大,气孔较多,硬度较低;随着爆炸频率和气体流量的提高,涂层的层间距变小,气孔率降低,涂层的组织比较致密,硬度有很大提高,维氏硬度HV0.3可以达到1 049 kg·mm-2;但是当爆炸频率和气体流量进一步升高时,涂层的组织反而恶化,硬度降低.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to