滑靴副润滑油膜成膜特性的理论与试验研究

为使滑靴副具有良好的摩擦性能,应使滑靴副处于全膜润滑状态. 通过耦合流体动力润滑方程、膜厚方程、任一点速度方程、流量平衡方程以及滑靴所受的力和力矩平衡方程,建立了滑靴的摩擦动力学模型,设计了滑靴副模型试验装置,仿真分析与试验研究了工作转速与压力对滑靴副油膜特性(中心膜厚、最小膜厚以及倾斜方位角)的影响. 仿真与试验结果表明,滑靴副的油膜厚度随工作转速的升高而增大,但增大趋势逐渐变缓;滑靴副油膜厚度随工作压力的升高而减小;低速高压下,滑靴副易处于混合润滑状态.      

微台阶对滑靴副微运动姿态及油膜润滑的影响

针对轴向柱塞泵中滑靴副的倾覆和偏磨问题,建立了一种滑靴副润滑数值模型和耦合求解器.在此基础上探究了滑靴产生倾覆的原因,并提出了一种微台阶来改进滑靴结构.通过仿真计算,进一步对比了不同微台阶结构参数对滑靴副姿态和油膜润滑的影响.结果表明:微台阶有助于滑靴副油膜的形成,改善油膜润滑性能;微台阶深度对滑靴微运动姿态、油膜压力和油膜厚度的影响比宽度大;所提出的数值模型和微台阶结构有助于轴向柱塞泵的优化设计,并能有效防止滑靴产生偏磨来提高柱塞泵的可靠性和寿命.     

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副动压承载特性研究

对轴向柱塞泵滑靴副稳态工况下动压承载规律展开了理论和试验研究,考虑了滑靴所受离心力等倾覆力矩的影响,结合了滑靴实际受力情况,建立了稳态工况下滑靴副摩擦动力学模型,研究了滑靴底面油膜动压承载规律.结果表明,滑靴与斜盘之间总是形成楔形收敛间隙,有利于滑靴副动压油膜的形成,滑靴倾斜方位角基本稳定在170°左右.试验结果较好地验证了仿真结果.      

径向柱塞泵中高速滑动摩擦副的支撑性能研究

径向柱塞泵中摩擦副的设计好坏对于泵的工况有很大影响。针对这一问题 ,本文介绍了在径向柱塞泵滑靴定子摩擦副中采用阻尼管型静压支承的方法 ,并对静压支撑方式油膜静动态性能进行深入的研究     

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副功率损失特性

为降低轴向柱塞泵滑靴副功率损失,考虑油液的压差和剪切流动的影响,建立滑靴副的功率损失模型,讨论泵的柱塞腔压力、主轴转速以及结构参数对滑靴的泄漏流量、摩擦力矩、泄漏功率损失以及黏性摩擦功率损失的影响。研究结果表明:滑靴副的功率损失以黏性摩擦为主,摩擦力矩比较大,而泄漏流量比较小。主轴转速对黏性摩擦功率损失的影响占据主导地位,大于柱塞腔压力的影响;当滑靴的半径比为1.5~2.0时,应尽量取较小值,有利于降低滑靴副的泄漏和黏性摩擦功率损失;当阻尼管的长度直径比为3.50~8.75时,阻尼孔直径不宜设计太小,尽管阻尼管的长度直径比变大对泄漏功率损失产生抑制作用,但是油膜厚度变薄将会增加黏性摩擦功率损失。     

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副间隙泄漏及摩擦转矩特性

探讨了在不同柱塞腔压力、缸体转速和滑靴重心与球窝中心所组成的离心力臂作用下滑靴副间隙泄漏以及摩擦转矩的变化过程.结果表明:柱塞腔压力、缸体转速以及滑靴的离心力臂与其所受的正向压紧力、动压效应以及离心力矩密切相关,它们是影响滑靴副泄漏流量的重要参数;滑靴的摩擦力矩随泄漏流量的增大而增大.液压泵的实际泄漏流量和摩擦转矩损失随柱塞腔压力和缸体转速增大而增大,由于考虑配流副和柱塞副的泄漏与摩擦转矩损失,其实际测试结果较大;滑靴在泵的容积效率和机械效率损失方面所占的比重较小.     

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副热平衡间隙及影响因素分析

为了改善轴向柱塞泵滑靴副润滑特性,考虑滑靴副与油膜之间的热传导关系,提出了一种基于控制体能量守恒定律的滑靴副热平衡间隙公式,讨论不同柱塞腔压力、缸体转速以及进口油液温度对热平衡间隙的影响.研究结果表明,滑靴副的热平衡间隙与材料的线膨胀系数和导热率成反比,影响材料的抗温升变形以及摩擦副的配合性能;滑靴和斜盘因表面温度升高而产生热膨胀,导致热平衡间隙显著减小,与柱塞腔压力、缸体转速以及进口油液温度成正比.因此,滑靴应该选取线膨胀系数和热导率大的材料,对于斜盘则正好相反,以减少滑靴表面磨损.     

柱塞泵滑靴卡盘与球碗的受力分析及试验研究

提出了一种用于求解柱塞泵中滑靴卡盘与球碗之间摩擦功耗的算法。采用将滑靴卡盘与球碗的接触轨迹离散为众多均布的接触点的方法,求解出各个离散点的受力,结合滑靴卡盘和球碗的相对运动计算出二者之间的摩擦功耗,并分析了弹簧力、旋转角速度以及斜盘倾角对摩擦功率的影响。为了验证理论研究的正确性,搭建了滑靴卡盘和球碗的功耗测试试验台,并进行了试验。试验结果表明:滑靴卡盘与球头之间摩擦功耗随着柱塞泵的弹簧力、泵的旋转角速度以及斜盘倾角等参数的增加而增大,当最大斜盘倾角为18°、弹簧力为700N、角速度为3 000r/min时,A4VSO45型柱塞泵中滑靴卡盘与球碗之间的摩擦功耗能够达到240W。     

斜盘式轴向柱塞泵磨损与润滑分析

摩擦与润滑直接影响着斜盘式柱塞泵的使用寿命,为延长其正常运行时间应尽量降低运行中存在的磨损.根据斜盘式柱塞泵的工作原理,其磨损主要存在于柱塞和缸体孔、滑靴与斜盘、缸体和配流盘三对摩擦副中,它们是影响柱塞泵工作性能和寿命的重要因素.着重分析了摩擦副之间磨损状况的影响因素,提出了几点相应的改进措施.     

轴向柱塞泵回程装置对滑靴动态特性的影响研究

考虑了滑靴的倾斜以及滑靴底面的弹流润滑效应,同时引入了滑靴与不同回程装置间的相互作用,对轴向柱塞泵滑靴副润滑油膜的动态规律进行了数学建模,研究不同回程装置对滑靴动态油膜特性的影响。实现滑靴动力学特性与摩擦特性的耦合求解,获得了缸体转动周期内滑靴润滑油膜的变化规律,探讨了中心弹簧回程机构以及固定间隙回程机构对滑靴动态油膜特性的影响。分析结果表明:高速运转下,滑靴在低压区会发生严重倾斜。采用中心弹簧回复装置在减缓滑靴倾斜程度时会减小滑靴在高低压区的工作膜厚。使用固定间隙回程机构不仅不影响滑靴在高压工作区的膜厚状态,还可以提高滑靴低压工作区的最小膜厚,因而显著改善滑靴倾斜程度。      

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman