镍纳米片的制备、表征及摩擦学应用

采用液相化学还原结合界面生长法,以醋酸镍为母体,水合肼为还原剂,吐温-40为修饰剂,NaOH为pH调节剂,正丁醇为生长剂,制备了厚度15～27 nm、片长380～500 nm的镍纳米片.通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和激光粒度仪对镍纳米片进行了表征.将镍纳米片、球形镍纳米颗粒作为基础油液体石蜡(LP)的添加剂,在UMT-Ⅱ摩擦磨损实验机上分别考察添加前、添加后LP的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,镍纳米片的晶格参数膨胀率为0.971%,各晶面2θ相应增加;与基础油LP相比,添加纳米镍后,较大程度降低了摩擦副的摩擦因数,显著改善了LP的摩擦性能;就改善效果而言,镍纳米片优于球形镍纳米颗粒.     

纳米MnO_2在碳棒上的固载

用电解法制备了纳米MnO2颗粒.以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)与纳米MnO2颗粒作为前驱体,以无水乙醇为溶剂,在超声波震荡下制得纳米MnO2均匀分散的黄绿色PVP溶胶.以电纺丝技术制得PVP/MnO2纤维和PVP/MnO2纤维充分缠绕的碳电极.氮气保护下,于550℃马弗炉中处理,得到固载良好的纳米MnO2电极.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外吸收光谱(FT-IR)等测试手段对超细纤维进行了表征.     

胞嘧啶分子在不同基底上的拉曼散射研究

用几种不同的方法制备了银纳米颗粒和银纳米点阵,分别通过透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜表征了纳米颗粒的形貌,并研究了胞嘧啶分子吸附在这几种银纳米颗粒上的表面增强拉曼散射光谱,结果分析表明:(1)银纳米颗粒粒径在50nm左右时产生的增强效果最强;(2)胞嘧啶通过羧基和N3位垂直吸附于纳米银颗粒表面.     

不同元素添加对CoPt纳米颗粒结构和磁性的影响

利用溶胶—凝胶法制备Co Pt,Co Pt-Ag,Co Pt-Si O2,Co Pt-Cu磁性纳米颗粒.并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对所制备的样品进行了结构,形貌和磁性的表征.XRD结果表明700℃时Co Pt,Co Pt-Ag,Co Pt-Si O2,Co Pt-Cu磁性纳米颗粒均为面心四方结构(FCT)的L10相.TEM结果表明Co Pt-Si O2较Co Pt,Co Pt-Ag,Co Pt-Cu的颗粒尺寸小,说明了Si O2的添加抑制了Co Pt磁性纳米颗粒的尺寸生长.VSM结果显示Co Pt-Ag,Co Pt-Cu,Co Pt-Si O2较Co Pt的矫顽力大,说明一定量的Ag,Cu,Si O2的添加更能促进Co Pt纳米颗粒磁性的增长.     

掺磷PdNi催化剂的合成及其电催化脱氯机理研究

采用一步法合成含磷掺杂的Pd/NiP三元合金材料,其透射电子显微镜图、场发射扫描电子显微镜图以及X射线光电子能谱图等结果显示,合成的Pd/NiP材料为直径（4.4±1.0）nm的超细纳米颗粒.循环伏安结果显示该材料具有优异的电化学性能,Pd/NiP纳米颗粒中Pd的电化学活性比表面积（ECSA）为42.11m2/g,是商...     

rGO/NiO复合纳米纤维的制备及室温气敏性能

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和乙酸镍(NiC_4H_6O_4·4H_2O)为主要原料,采用静电纺丝技术分别制备纯氧化镍(NiO)纳米纤维及还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)/NiO复合纳米纤维.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对材料的结构和形貌进行了表征.透射电子显微镜观察结果直观证实了rGO/NiO复合纳米纤维中rGO成分的存在,而且rGO复合对NiO纳米纤维的晶体结构及形貌均无明显影响.以H_2S为主要目标气体,研究了rGO复合对NiO纳米管纤维气敏性能的影响,发现rGO复合显著提高了NiO纳米纤维对H_2S气体的敏感性,特别是1.0%rGO复合量的NiO纳米纤维对H_2S气体具有最佳的气敏性能,其对体积分数为10×10~(-6)的H_2S气体的室温灵敏度可达167.11,是纯NiO纳米纤维的23.8倍.     

制备形貌可控的多晶纳米镍

采用液相化学还原法,在1,2-丙二醇体系中,分别使用吐温-80(Tween-80)、聚乙二醇-6000(PEG-6000)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与聚乙二醇-6000(PEG-6000)的混合物作为修饰剂,利用1,2-丙二醇还原相同母体醋酸镍,制备形貌分别为海绵体、纤维状、雪花状多晶纳米镍;在水体系中,使用SDS为修饰剂,利用水合肼还原相同母体醋酸镍,制备球形多晶纳米镍.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)对所制备的纳米镍样品进行表征.利用傅立叶红外(FTIR)分析初步解释不同形貌纳米镍的形成机理.将纳米镍样品添加到15W/40SF汽油机油中,在UNT-Ⅱ摩擦磨损试验机上进行考察.结果表明:纳米镍样品的形貌不同,其对汽油机油摩擦学特性的改性亦不相同,纤维状纳米镍的改性效果最佳.     

机械合金化La8 Mg52 Ni40合金的相组成研究

采用机械合金化及热处理等方法制备了La8Mg52Ni40新型合金,并用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差热分析(DTA)等方法研究了其组织结构及热稳定性能等.研究结果表明:La8Mg52Ni40合金经280 r/min球磨250 h后,获得了镧、镁、镍等非晶相和MgNi2纳米晶结构;所得粉末的形状为规则的球形或近球形,颗粒直径范围约为0.05～12.5 μm,其中,粒径为0.5～2 μm的颗粒数约占颗粒总数的97%.球磨样品经763 K保温35 d热处理后,得到了具有纳米尺度的Mg2NiLa,Mg2Ni,MgNi2三相合金,样品具有较好的热稳定性能.图4,表2,参12.     

Pickering乳液模板法制备复合荧光微球

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用改进Stober法合成了粒径均匀的SiO2纳米颗粒,利用罗丹明B对SiO2纳米颗粒疏水改性制得Pickering乳液,并以此为模板制备聚苯乙烯复合微球.通过接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及荧光显微镜对纳米颗粒和复合微球的形貌和性能进行了表征.结果表明,罗丹...     

油酸修饰铜纳米颗粒的摩擦学性能

在无水乙醇-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)水溶液混合体系中使用液相还原法制备了油酸修饰铜纳米颗粒.使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其形貌进行了表征,结果表明:油酸修饰铜纳米颗粒的粒径大小约为20 nm.用FALEX-6型四球试验机考察了其作为润滑油添加剂在液体石蜡中的抗磨减摩性能,结果表明:当添加纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.2%时就能明显降低摩擦系数,当添加纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.4%时摩擦系数下降至最低值,但当进一步增加浓度至1.0%时,摩擦系数开始有较大的增加趋势.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对摩擦表面进行观察,结果表明:当添加纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.4%时磨斑直径(WSD)为最小值,抗磨效果最好.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to