氯离子侵蚀混凝土及细观参数影响的近场动力学模拟

为了研究混凝土细观参数对氯离子扩散过程的影响,建立了饱和混凝土中氯离子扩散的近场动力学细观模型.该模型采用氯离子浓度的积分代替经典局部模型中的浓度空间微分,使用"键"将氯离子从一个材料点输运到另一个材料点.通过与有限元模型计算结果进行对比,验证了模型的可行性和有效性;讨论了骨料分布、骨料体积分数、骨料级配、界面过渡区(ITZ)厚度和ITZ扩散系数等细观参数对氯离子扩散过程的影响.结果表明:骨料分布对氯离子扩散过程的影响可忽略;随着骨料体积分数的增加,氯离子扩散速度先减小后增大;而骨料级配与氯离子扩散速度没有明显相关度.同时,随着ITZ厚度和ITZ扩散系数的增加,氯离子扩散速度小幅增加.     

既有混凝土码头的时变氯离子扩散过程

为了研究不同暴露环境(大气区、潮差区和浪溅区)对氯离子在混凝土中传输的影响,以及氯离子扩散过程的时变特性,对北部湾某码头的混凝土现场耐久性进行了检测,得到了不同深度混凝土试样的自由氯离子浓度.结果表明,在同一侵蚀深度,浪溅区的氯离子浓度最大,潮差区的次之,大气区的最小,拟合得到的表面氯离子浓度和表观氯离子扩散系数亦表现出了相同特性;浪溅区是影响临海钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的最不利暴露环境;氯离子扩散系数随侵蚀时间递减,时间参数为服从正态分布的随机变量,大气区、潮差区和浪溅区时间参数的均值分别为0.19,0.36和0.43;在钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性分析中应考虑氯离子扩散系数的时变特性.     

混凝土C_S和D双时变下氯离子浓度分布解析解

为了准确分析氯离子侵蚀环境下混凝土结构的耐久性,同时考虑表面氯离子浓度和扩散系数的时变性对混凝土中氯离子扩散过程的影响。首先应用变量代换法、Laplace积分变换及其逆变换,建立了同时考虑混凝土表面氯离子浓度和扩散系数时变性的氯离子扩散解析解。通过算例分析验证了解析解的正确性,并对比研究了表面氯离子浓度和扩散系数的时变性对混凝土中氯离子扩散的影响。结果表明,两个参数的时变性都会对混凝土中氯离子浓度分布产生显著影响,且随着计算深度增大,双时变影响越显著,其中扩散系数的时变性影响更大。因而,混凝土结构耐久性分析和设计中应同时考虑表面氯离子浓度和氯离子扩散系数的时变性。     

冻融循环对粉煤灰混凝土氯离子扩散系数的影响

测定不同冻融循环次数的混凝土氯离子含量,应用二维扩散理论模型计算混凝土氯离子扩散系数.结果表明:混凝土中的自由Cl-浓度(Cf)随着扩散深度的增加而降低,随着冻融循环次数的增加而升高;混凝土的氯离子扩散系数Dt随着冻融循环次数的增加而逐渐降低,随着粉煤灰含量的增加而先增加后降低;混凝土的Dt与冻融循环次数和粉煤灰掺量分别呈幂函数关系和呈二次函数关系.利用冻融循次数室内外换算关系,建立服役时间和粉煤灰掺量与Dt方程,可用来估算现场环境下不同服役周期实际工程混凝土的氯离子扩散系数.     

考虑再生粗骨料随机分布的混凝土氯离子扩散细观数值模拟

考虑粗骨料分布的随机性及氯离子结合的非线性对氯离子扩散性的影响,对再生混凝土中氯离子扩散进行数值建模与细观仿真分析,并将数值模拟结果与已有试验数据进行对比;通过改变老硬化砂浆扩散系数、新硬化砂浆扩散系数、老界面过渡区扩散系数及浸泡时间,对比研究了不同情况下再生混凝土中氯离子的扩散特性.结果表明:数值模拟结果与试验结果接近;再生混凝土中氯离子沿扩散深度方向呈波浪式下降;随着扩散系数的增大及浸泡时间的增长,氯离子扩散速度加快;随着再生粗骨料取代率的增加,氯离子扩散速度也增加;相同扩散深度处,不同随机骨料模型中氯离子含量最大值接近,说明所采用的随机骨料模型模拟结果具有较好的稳定性.     

海洋环境下混凝土中钢筋表面氯离子浓度的随机模型

分析了海洋环境下氯离子在混凝土中的传输机理及其随机扩散过程．将扩散系数作为随机数,混凝土表面氯离子浓度、保护层厚度作为随机变量,建立混凝土中钢筋表面氯离子浓度分布的随机模型,推导出钢筋表面氯离子浓度的均值和方差．算例结果表明,该模型的计算值较传统的Fick扩散定律更接近试验值,可用于预测海洋环境下混凝土中钢筋表面的氯离子浓度．     

全珊瑚海水混凝土的表面自由氯离子浓度和表观氯离子扩散系数

采用不同种类水泥制备出不同强度等级的全珊瑚海水混凝土(CSC),研究其在海水浸泡环境下不同暴露时间的自由氯离子含量的分布规律,计算了CSC的表面自由氯离子含量和表观氯离子扩散系数,并探讨了暴露时间对这2个参数的影响规律.结果表明:在相同的暴露时间下,碱式硫酸镁水泥的抗Cl~-扩散渗透能力优于普通硅酸盐水泥;CSC的表面自由氯离子含量随着暴露时间的延长而呈指数型增加,且增长速率远低于普通混凝土;CSC的表观氯离子扩散系数随着暴露时间的延长而呈幂函数型递减.因此,对于实际海洋环境下的CSC结构,建议采用碱式硫酸镁水泥,从而有利于提高抗Cl~-扩散渗透能力,减缓Cl~-的侵入速度,以达到延长结构服役寿命的目的.     

疲劳载荷作用下超高程泵送钢纤维混凝土的耐久性

研究了疲劳载荷作用下的超高泵送钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)的氯离子扩散规律,对相应临界疲劳循环次数作用的SFRC试件的碳化性能进行了分析.通过对疲劳试件的不同深度自由氯离子浓度和表面氯离子扩散系数的研究表明:只要疲劳次数超过某一临界值时,SFRC试件内部的氯离子含量和表面扩散系数就会随着疲劳次数的增加而增大;在相应临界疲劳循环次数作用下,SFRC试件具有较强的抗碳化能力;该SFRC具有优异的抗氯离子扩散性能和抗碳化能力.这不仅拓展了SFRC的应用领域,也为动荷载作用下的混凝土耐久性研究提供了很好的参考和依据.     

氯离子侵蚀钢筋混凝土管桩的使用寿命预测

基于氯离子侵蚀引起的钢筋锈蚀机理,将钢筋混凝土管桩的使用寿命分为2个阶段,锈蚀初始阶段和裂缝扩展阶段.依据Fick第二定律和Faraday定律,分别建立了氯离子在钢筋混凝土管桩中的扩散方程和氯离子侵蚀引起的钢筋锈蚀模型,通过确定临界氯离子浓度和钢筋临界锈蚀深度,分别对锈蚀初始阶段时间和裂缝扩展阶段时间进行了预测.并在此基础上,进一步分析了表面氯离子浓度、扩散系数、保护层厚度、钢筋直径、体积膨胀率以及抗拉强度与弹性模量的比值等因素对钢筋混凝土管桩使用寿命的影响.分析结果表明,随着表面氯离子浓度、扩散系数、钢筋直径和体积膨胀率的增大,管桩的使用寿命减小;随着保护层厚度和抗拉强度与弹性模量的比值的增大,管桩的使用寿命增大.     

基于氯离子时变扩散钢筋混凝土锈胀裂缝时变可靠度研究

基于氯离子Fick扩散定理和法拉第定律,通过研发的四电极传感器体系获得含氯离子混凝土模拟液中腐蚀电流密度规律以及混凝土中氯离子时变扩散系数,建立氯离子时变扩散钢筋腐蚀速率模型;在此基础上基于弹性断裂力学和坑蚀模型,建立坑蚀锈胀裂缝时变可靠度模型,采用Monte Carlo方法求得钢筋混凝土锈胀裂缝时变可靠度.研究表明,基于研发的MnO2参比电极四电极传感器体系平均腐蚀电流密度随氯离子浓度增加而线性增加,随时间增加趋于恒定.采用考虑氯离子时变扩散钢筋腐蚀电流在服役期间钢筋腐蚀电流密度减小.坑蚀锈胀裂缝开始时间在第10~15年;随保护层厚度和钢筋直径增加以及表面氯离子浓度减小,钢筋混凝土坑蚀裂缝宽度减小.研究结果对氯离子诱发的钢筋混凝土坑蚀腐蚀裂可靠度预测具有重要的参考价值.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to