小型柴油机排气净化消声器的研制

为小型柴油机设计了一种排气净化消声器,采用泡沫陶瓷作为过滤材料,将催化转化技术及活性碳纤维(ACF)应用其中.通过实验和改进后的排气净化消声器与试验样机原消声器相比,在标定工况时,排气净化消声器降低噪声4dB(A)以上,有害废气排放物NO的含量降低48.1%,HC、CO和烟度均有一定的降低,取得较好的效果.为小型柴油机的性能提高提供了一条有效的途径.     

非定常流场和声场有限元内燃机排气消声器研究

 消声器是降低内燃机排气噪声的主要部件。通过设计独立测试排气噪声的台架实验,分析了安装消声器前后的排气频谱特征,对比期望的噪声评价曲线,得到了消声器性能不足的频段主要集中在中高频。根据流体和声学的基本理论,基于三维数值有限元,分析了复杂消声器非定常流动状态下其压力场、温度场、再生噪声场分布和主要贡献的噪声频段,研究了消声器在稳态下的传递损失;通过研究声学传递过程中的空腔模态特征,找到了影响消声效果的主要因素。基于消声器仿真模型,研究了消声单元结构特征与消声性能之间的关系,通过改善复杂消声器的小孔结构和增加吸声材料,采取实验对比分析了插入损失,验证了分析和改进的有效性。本文综合分析了流体、声学以及流体对声学的影响,研究了内燃机排气消声器性能,此系统方法能更全面地了解和改进排气噪声。     

内燃式叉车排气消声器结构优化设计

为降低某3t内燃式叉车的排气噪声,在不改变消声器的外部结构的前提下,优化消声器的内部结构,改进排气消声器的性能指标。通过对消声器的网格分析,利用某声学仿真软件模拟计算改进前后两种消声器的传递损失。结果表明改进后的消声器比改进前的声学性能好,说明模拟软件在设计研发中的重要性,并为消声器的结构优化设计提供依据。     

两腔型双模式车用消声器流场及声学特性分析

双模式车用消声器可以有效降低压力损失,同时降低再生噪声,是一种半主动噪声控制设备。目前对双模式消声器的研究较少,需要进一步了解双模式消声器的内部气体流动情况和低频声学特性。通过流场仿真分析得出了高气体流速下双模式消声器有效降低压力损失的原因,并对结构进行改进,使湍流能量损失降低,减少了压力损失。通过声学仿真得到阀门关闭时共振腔的共振频率,符合亥姆霍兹公式计算结果,证明低频消声效果来自亥姆霍兹共振腔。同时分析了阀门打开时消声器低频消声原理,得出阀门打开后共振频率向右偏移,能够追踪不同转速下的排气噪声。     

汽车排气消声器性能测试及优化研究

针对开发中的某汽车排气消声器,基于现有发动机台架实验室,通过消除背景噪声影响,建立了排气消声器性能测试系统。综合试验测得的原消声器排气背压、噪声等数据和流动及噪声的CFD分析结果,提出优化设计方案;并制出消声器进行试验验证。试验结果表明,优化后的消声器在整个转速范围内排气背压降低,在高转速时(4 800 r/min以上)更是降低了约4 kPa;排气噪声有明显降低,在高转速时排气噪声下降了约3 dB(A)。     

采用仿真软件GT-Power和Fluent的消声器声学和流场分析

某新车型怠速噪声严重超标,通过仿真软件GT-Power和Fluent仿真分析明确了消声器低频消声不足的原因及结构缺陷.提出了横流穿孔结构的前消声器结构,并改进了主消声器的穿孔形式. GT-Power仿真和试验结果表明,消声器低频消声性能得到提高,无载和带载怠速噪声分别降低超过4dB(A)和3dB(A),三挡全油门尾管总噪声及排气背压均满足技术要求.     

基于ANSYS的鼻锥结构消声器性能研究

目前,对汽车发动机排气噪声的控制主要是安装排气消声器.消声器的设计与性能研究主要围绕其消声性能和对发动机功率的影响两个方面进行.通过对鼻锥结构排气消声器结构三维建模后进行性能模拟分析,获得了该消声器内部的声压分布情况和插入损失随频率的变化关系,预测了该消声器对发动机功率损失的影响.该种方法具有周期短、成本低的优点.     

50kW静音型电源车车厢降噪设计与试验分析

针对50 kW电源车噪声较高的问题,测量并分析了车厢内柴油发电机组的噪声频谱特性,将电源车车厢结构设计成了由操作舱、机组舱和消声舱组成的封闭式三舱结构。通过设计进排气消声器对进排气噪声进行控制。车厢各舱内壁设计了吸声隔声结构来控制各舱内噪声。消声舱内设计了三角形吸声立柱对机组舱传出的风扇噪声、振动噪声和其他各类噪声消声。通过试验测试发现,柴油发电机组安装于静音型电源车车厢后,噪声下降了25~30 dB,使得整车噪声75 dB。所设计噪声控制方案可以满足电源车噪声控制的要求。     

微型汽车排气消声器的噪声实验分析

针对某微型汽车排气消声器,在分析排气噪声的基础上,采用理论与试验相结合的方法进行改进消声器,并将试验件进行配机试验.针对发动机不同转速,研究几种消声器方案下的某型汽油机排气噪声的频谱特性、插入损失、功率损失,从而确定了最优的消声器方案,达到储备消声器设计的目的.     

某汽油发动机排气系统的分析与设计

为有效控制发动机尾气所排放的污染物和排气噪声,针对某型号轿车汽油发动机排气系统进行设计,对排气系统的声学特性进行分析与数值计算,阐述了噪声的产生机理和降低噪声的方法,并对阻性消声器和阻抗复合型消声器的结构和主要尺寸参数进行了设计.分析了尾气污染物的主要成分及其净化方法,参考北京绿创的轿车整体型三元催化器的结构尺寸,设计了基于低温等离子体(NTP,Non-Thermal Plasma)的汽车尾气四效净化器,根据汽车设计的相关要求,对排气系统的各零部件进行合理布置,确定了悬挂方式;该汽车排气系统可同时净化发动机尾气中其中一氧化碳(CO)、碳氢化合物(HC)、氮氧化合物(NOx)和可吸入碳烟颗粒物(PM,particulate materia),同时具有净化效率高,排气背压低、降噪效果好等优势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with