硼酸锌协同膨胀阻燃环氧涂层耐火作用及其机理研究

将硼酸锌(ZB)作为促进成炭的协同剂与双环笼状磷酸酯Trimer膨胀阻燃剂(T-IFR)复配,应用于膨胀阻燃环氧涂层,研究了ZB的协同耐火行为及作用机理.燃烧背温测试仪及锥形量热仪燃烧测试表明,适量添加ZB可产生良好的协同耐火作用,涂层的耐火时间由17 min提高到30 min,最大热释放速率由379.8 kW/m2降低到258.5 kW/m2,最大烟释放速率由0.11 m2/s降低到0.05 m2/s.热失重分析、傅里叶红外光谱、X-射线光电子能谱及扫描电镜研究表明,涂层耐火作用的提高与ZB增加了T-IFR热解残炭量,在残炭中形成了BPO4等耐热产物及改善了涂层燃烧产生的膨胀炭层的均匀性和致密性有关.     

滑石粉在膨胀型透明防火涂料中的协效阻燃和抑烟作用

为了提高透明防火涂料的阻燃和抑烟性能,将滑石粉(talc)与柔性磷酸酯(PPB)反应制备一系列新型磷酸酯接枝滑石粉阻燃剂(TPPBs),再将其与甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MF)复配制备透明防火涂料,并对涂层的防火性能、热稳定性、生烟特性及炭层结构进行表征。研究结果表明:滑石粉均匀分布在基材树脂中能使涂层保持较高的透明性,并有效增强防火涂料的热稳定性、阻燃和抑烟性能;PPB与talc以质量比95?5复配所制备的涂层表现出最优异的阻燃和抑烟性能,其火焰传播比值和烟密度等级最低,分别为3.1和6.2%;滑石粉的加入能增强磷酸酯的交联反应,形成更多富含磷交联结构和芳香结构以提高涂层的热稳定性和成炭量,并生成更加致密和稳定的膨胀炭层,达到较好的协效阻燃和抑烟效果。     

膨胀型双环笼状磷酸酯阻燃乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的研究

以自行合成的两种双环笼状磷酸酯Trimer和PEPA为基的膨胀型阻燃剂阻燃乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA),测定了阻燃EVA的LOI和UL-94阻燃性能,并利用锥形量热仪(CONE)测试了其释热速率(HRR)、总释热量(THR)、质量损失速率(MLR)、生烟量(TSP)及有毒气体释放量等多种阻燃参数.阻燃EVA与纯EVA相比,HRR,THR及MLR分别降低50%～70%,30%～40%及50%,具有良好的阻燃效果.此外,燃烧时生成均匀而致密的闭孔结构炭层,孔径大约在5～30 μm之间,孔壁为6～9 μm.燃烧残炭呈片层结构且燃烧过程中有类石墨结构炭生成.     

螺环-双环笼状磷酸酯的合成与性质

以含季戊四醇骨架的螺环磷酸酯二酰氯(PDD)和双环笼状磷酸酯(PEPA)为反应物,合成既有螺环又有双环笼状的磷酸酯阻燃剂PDD-PEPA,对该阻燃剂的合成条件(三乙胺催化剂用量、反应时间)进行优化,通过质谱、红外光谱和核磁共振等方法对PDD-PEPA的结构进行表征,采用热重分析对PDD-PEPA在氮气氛下的热稳定性和成炭性进行了分析.结果表明:以乙腈为溶剂、三乙胺与理论释放氯化氢的摩尔比为1.2:1、回流温度下反应10 h时可得到较高产率的PDD-PEPA;该条件下制得的阻燃剂理论磷含量为21.2%,起始分解温度为351℃,650℃时的残炭率为63.6%.     

聚磷酸铵表面处理及阻燃聚丙烯应用研究

采用氨基硅烷偶联剂对聚磷酸铵进行了表面改性. 溶解度测试、X射线光电子能谱及热失重分析表明,改性聚磷酸铵具有良好的疏水性;氨基硅烷偶联剂与聚磷酸铵发生了键合反应;改性聚磷酸铵的热失重速率明显降低. 氧指数及力学性能测试表明,改性聚磷酸铵与双季戊四醇复配膨胀阻燃聚丙烯的阻燃性能有所提高,拉伸强度及断裂伸长率得到明显改善. 研究表明,氨基硅烷偶联剂表面改性聚磷酸铵的方法简便、环保,降低了聚磷酸铵的水溶性,提高了膨胀阻燃聚丙烯的阻燃效果及界面相容性.     

双功能笼状阻燃抗静电剂的合成与表征

以丙基三甲氧基硅烷和四羟甲基硫酸鏻为原料,合成笼状有机硅酸酯阻燃抗静电剂1-丙基-4-羟甲基-1-硅杂-4-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2,2,2]-辛烷季鏻硫酸盐,讨论温度、时间、溶剂等对产率的影响,并采用FTIR、1H-NMR、差热、极限氧指数及表面电阻等技术表征了产品的结构及性能.最佳工艺条件为:丙基三甲氧基硅烷与四羟甲基硫酸磷的物质的量之比为2∶1,二甲苯作溶剂,反应温度为140℃,反应时间为9 h.实验表明:该化合物分解温度为265.5℃,有优良的阻燃抗静电性能.     

新型阻燃低密度聚乙烯材料的制备及性能研究

为了改善传统膨胀阻燃材料耐水性差的问题,将一种新型大分子三嗪系成炭剂(CFA)与包裹聚磷酸铵( MCAPP)复配,通过熔融共混法制备新型无卤膨胀阻燃低密度聚乙烯复合材料(LDPE),并研究成炭剂CFA与MCAPP组成的膨胀阻燃剂对LDPE的阻燃性能、热性能以及耐水性能的影响,探求CFA与MCAPP之间的最佳复配比例.实验结果表明,当CFA与MCAPP的比例为1∶3时,此种新型无卤膨胀阻燃低密度聚乙烯复合材料具有优良的阻燃性能、热稳定性能以及耐水性能.     

聚碳酸亚丙酯型聚氨酯防火涂料的制备

采用CO2与环氧丙烷共聚产物聚碳酸亚丙酯多元醇(PPC)、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)和羟基硅油为主要原料,合成单组份醇溶性聚氨酯,并向其中添加由聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇三者组成的膨胀型阻燃体系,制得聚碳酸亚丙酯型醇溶性聚氨酯防火涂料.结果表明,当R值(n—NCO/n—OH)比值为1.4,羟基硅油的用量为3%,阻燃体系中(聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇)三者配比为6∶5∶3时,涂膜在水中浸泡72h后溶胀,耐火时间长达710s,耐水性及防火效果最优.     

氧化锌在膨胀阻燃体系中的协效作用

将膨胀型阻燃剂--聚磷酸铵(APP)和季戊四醇(PER)体系应用于聚丙烯(PP)中使之具有较好的阻燃性.通过氧指数(LOI)、热分析(DTA-TG)和傅立叶红外(FTIR)研究了氧化锌在膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯中的阻燃协效作用.结果表明氧化锌与APP/PER膨胀阻燃体系之间存在显著的协效作用,对酯化及成炭反应具有明显的催化作用,并可提高降解残余物的热稳定性,使材料的阻燃性显著增强而力学性能损失较小.     

多重固化EA／纳米SiO2杂化涂层的阻燃及热稳定性

以改性纳米SiO2、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH．570）、磷酸酯三丙烯酸酯（TEAP）及TDI-TMP加成物作紫外（uv）配方体系的功能成分,制备了含P、N及Si三重固化丙烯酸酯涂层。通过红外、紫外-可见、热重及阻燃性能测试仪等研究了不同阻燃体系下不同固化方式对环氧丙烯酸酯（EA）涂层阻燃及热稳定性能的影响。结果表明：EA体系双键转化率随纳米SiO2含量及固化重数的增加而提高;可见光透过率随KH-570、TDI-TMP的加入而改善;涂层阻燃及热稳定性随阻燃成分与其含量,及固化重数的增加而提高。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.