基于可变放电截止电压的锂离子电池的低温加热方法研究

针对锂离子动力电池低温环境使用问题,提出了一种基于可变截止电压的电池加热方法。在低温环境下,以某一恒定充放电电流倍率对电池进行多个充放电循环,以截止电压作为每一个充放电循环的结束条件,在每一个充放电循环结束后,将截止电压增加某一梯度值并进入下一个充放电循环,利用电池充放电时内阻产生的热量对电池进行加热,直至电池达到目标温度。对额定容量为1Ah的18650磷酸铁锂电池进行低温加热实验,结果表明,在环境温度为-10℃的条件下,截止电压变化梯度为0.05V,充电电流为2C,放电电流为4C,能够实现21min内电池从-10℃加热到5℃。     

钒电池充放电测试系统及测试方法研究

为了检测钒电池的充放电性能,根据全钒液流电池的特点,标称出钒电池的额定参数。在不同电流密度下对单体钒电池进行充放电容量测试实验。比较了不同电流密度下的充电曲线,从理论上分析充电差异的原因,总结充电电流与钒电池容量的关系。实验表明,对钒电池进行充放电时采用的电流密度为60~80 m A/cm2之间的值,钒电池电学性能参数最佳。     

低温环境下锂离子电池组加热系统研究

低温环境下锂离子电池的充放电性能急剧变差.文中以16节37 Ah锂离子电池组成的电池组为研究对象,设计了一套加热系统,该系统主要包括加热源电加热膜、传热介质变压器油和保温隔热层二氧化硅气凝胶板等.文中利用ANSYS软件建立了锂离子电池组加热装置的有限元模型,模拟分析了该加热系统对电池组的加热效果,并通过试验验证该加热方式的有效性及安全性.结果表明:不同低温环境下,预加热到0℃以上的时间呈线性变化趋势,在极限低温-30℃下预加热时间为35 min,在一般低温-10℃下预加热时间为12 min,加热效果明显;预加热后,电池组放电电压平台升高,较好地改善电池组的放电性能;通过油液循环或静置方式可将电池之间的温度均匀性保持在3℃以内.     

电容式钛酸锂电池的设计及制备方法

为解决现有钛酸锂电池在低温下电池容量衰减和充放电过程中的电池胀气问题，从电池内外部结构和制备工艺流程两方面提出新型钛酸锂电池结构设计.在电池内部模仿电容式结构，融合电容器的物理储能方式和蓄能电池的化学储能方式，提升电池在低温环境下的充放电性能.在制备工艺上采取柱形锂离子电池含浸新技术，提高含浸效率，减少电池内部水分，部分解决电池胀气问题，并进行相关性能测试.结果表明，新型钛酸锂电池容量保持率可在9 548次充放电循环下达到92.5%,低温环境下电池容量保持率大于75%,该方法有效提升了钛酸锂电池性能.     

基于随机抽样参数辨识的动力锂电池组仿真模型构建

为解决多电芯电池组建模过程中电池参数辨识大量耗时的问题,根据电池组中各单体电池参数呈正态分布的特点,提出一种基于统计学方法和最小电动势的复合电池组建模方法.该方法首先随机抽取电池组中部分单体作为样本,利用脉冲充放电实验和最小二乘辨识方法对样本电池进行参数辨识;然后以样本电池参数的平均值和方差代表电池组的参数特征进行电池组模型构建;最后基于Simulink平台进行计算机仿真实验,并对比实际充放电实验数据.结果表明,两者的端电压误差在0.05 V以内,相对误差1.5%,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

单体锂离子电池充放电数值仿真与试验

基于锂离子电池生热模型和材料热物性参数,建立了锂离子电池充放电热行为热模型。进行了单体电池不同倍率放电及充放电循环下的瞬态热行为数值仿真。结合电池充放电过程温升曲线测试,验证了锂离子电池数值仿真模型。研究结果表明:单体电池最高温度位于正极柱,最低温度位于壳体顶部。随着电池放电倍率的增大,电池温度升高,单体温差增大。电池外壳材质对热模型传热效果具有一定的影响,锂离子电池电极连接部位温升显著。     

喷雾干燥法制备LiFePO4/C正极材料

采用机械液相活化结合喷雾干燥法制备LiFePO4/C正极材料,并用该材料制备容量为10A.h的动力电池.通过X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、振实密度和电导率测试对材料的物理性能进行综合分析,采用循环伏安、循环寿命和不同倍率下充放电性能测试对电池进行电化学研究,由过充、冲击、针刺等实验检测电池的安全性.结果表明:该材料晶型完整、颗粒均匀、振实密度高、导电性好;制备的单体动力电池在1.0倍率下循环150次后容量保持率仍然超过98%,大倍率充放电性能好,且安全性较高.     

镍氢电池充放电传热过程模拟

结合实验数据和理论分析,建立了D型镍氢电池的传热模型.用该模型对电池的充放电过程进行模拟,并且给出了电池内部的温度分布.与实验测量值比较,两者结果吻合较好.该模型和相应的模拟为进一步研究电池的发热特性、改善其温度性能提供了有益参考.     

锂离子电池组聚类筛选低温混合预热系统建模与热分析

低温导致锂离子动力电池性能衰减加速、寿命缩减、形成锂枝晶，甚至造成内短路等严重问题，因此预热已经成为电动汽车在低温地区应用的关键问题。此外，电池单体间一致性对电池组整体性能及老化有重大影响。采用聚类分析对锂离子电池单体进行筛选成组，并提出一种附有PTC加热膜和液冷板的混合电池热管理系统，通过计算流体力学建模和数值计算对此系统在-40 ℃环境下的预热效率进行分析。结果表明：对初始方案进行优化后，经过695 s预热电池组最低温度可加热至0℃以上；此外，与纯PTC加热方法相比，电池组温度标准差可降低5.9℃。因此，此系统可在无过多功耗增长的前提下，短时间内高效地将电池组加热至工作状态，预热速度为3.56 ℃/min，且能提升温度均匀性。     

质子交换膜厚度对全钒液流电池性能的影响

目的研究质子交换膜厚度对全钒液流电池充放电性能及交流阻抗的影响.方法选取4种不同厚度的质子交换膜Nafion117、Nafion115、Nafion212和Nafion211分别内置于电池单体,运用全钒液流电池测试系统对电池的伏安特性和交流阻抗特性进行测试分析.采用等效电路法,分析全钒液流电池的等效元件,获得电池的欧姆阻抗和法拉第阻抗.结果在相同电解液浓度下,质子交换膜厚度的增加能延长电池的充放电时间;在膜厚度一定的情况下,增大电解液浓度,能增加电池充放电时间;随质子交换膜厚度的增加,交流阻抗图谱右移;增大质子交换膜厚度,可提高电池的欧姆阻抗.结论全钒液流电池等效电路由欧姆阻抗、正极法拉第阻抗、负极法拉第阻抗和正、负极电容组成;减小质子交换膜厚度能显著降低电池的欧姆阻抗,有利于提高电池的充放电性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with