货油舱用耐蚀钢连续冷却的转变规律

在MMS-300热模拟试验机上测得货油舱用耐蚀钢在不同冷速下的连续冷却膨胀曲线,结合金相-硬度法,研究了该耐蚀钢变形和未变形过冷奥氏体冷却过程中的组织演变,建立了连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线.结果表明,动态CCT曲线较静态CCT曲线明显向左上方移动,提高了奥氏体转变的开始温度;随着冷却速度的增大,显微组织由多边形铁素体、珠光体和少量贝氏体逐渐过渡到针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体,最后为板条贝氏体和马氏体.     

28CrMnMoV钢过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟机测量28CrMnMoV钢以不同速度连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,结合差热分析法和金相-硬度法,确定临界点及相变温度点,绘制并分析和应用过冷奥氏体的连续冷却曲线(CCT图),研究实验钢连续冷却时的奥氏体转变.研究结果表明:实验钢过冷奥氏体在高温区可能发生铁素体转变和珠光体转变,中温区可能发生贝氏体转变,低温区可能发生马氏体转变;当冷却速度为0.05～0.5℃/s时,转变产物为多边形铁素体、珠光体和少量贝氏体的混合组织;在1～5℃/s的冷却速度范围内,转变产物为贝氏体;当冷却速度大于5℃/s时,转变产物为马氏体;合金元素Cr,Mo,V有抑制奥氏体扩散分解的作用,以低于1℃/s的速度冷却才会有先共析铁素体和珠光体;锰质量分数较高对贝氏体转变有明显的促进作用,在0.05～10℃/s的较宽速度范围内连续冷却会发生贝氏体转变.根据测得的CCT图指导28CrMnMoV钢的分级控冷工艺,可在减小钢管淬火应力的同时,为V150油套管的高强韧性提供组织保障.     

Al对热挤压模具钢 SDAH13连续冷却转变规律的影响

采用热膨胀仪测定Al质量分数分别为0.77%和1.43%以及无Al的热挤压模具钢SDAH13的连续冷却转变曲线,并结合光学显微镜、扫描电镜及显微硬度仪分析Al元素对SDAH13钢相变点、连续转变规律、组织以及硬度的影响.结果表明：Al元素显著提高SDAH13钢的Ac1、Ac3和Ms点,降低淬火残留奥氏体含量,同时扩大铁素体及奥氏体两相区.在1060℃奥氏体化温度下,Al元素对SDAH13钢贝氏体相变的临界冷速(0.30℃·s-1)无明显影响,但使贝氏体相区变宽,Al质量分数分别为0.77%和1.43%的SDAH13钢的珠光体相变的临界冷速(0.05℃·s-1和0.3℃·s-1)均高于无Al的SDAH13钢的临界冷速(0.02℃·s-1),且Al质量分数为1.43%的SDAH13钢在0.02~0.08℃·s-1冷速下出现先共析铁素体组织. Al的加入还使SDAH13钢淬火硬度有所降低.     

SCM435钢奥氏体连续冷却转变行为

利用热模拟试验机对SCM435钢的奥氏体连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线进行了测定和分析.结果表明:SCM435钢对冷速极为敏感,在冷却速度为005℃/s时,可以得到铁素体、珠光体及少量贝氏体组织;当冷速增加到1℃/s时,铁素体转变结束,同时开始产生少量马氏体组织.在实际生产中,通过与模拟预测相结合来控制冷却,抑制块状先析铁素体的生成,同时避免马氏体的大量产生,生产出冷镦性能及球化效果较为理想的基体组织.     

Si对高耐磨模具钢9Cr6W3Mo2V2过冷奥氏体转变动力学的影响

测定了9Cr6W3Mo2V2钢的TTT和CCT曲线,研究了Si对该钢过冷奥氏体转变动力学的影响.试验表明,Si有促进珠光体转变的趋势,而对贝氏体转变,则在等温和连续冷却条件下,其影响不同.从动力学和热力学两个方面对这些现象进行了解释.     

高强度含铜钢奥氏体连续冷却转变产物的强韧性

研究了高强度含铜钢HSLA80和HSLA100奥氏体连续冷却转变产物的强度和韧性随冷却速率的变化规律,探讨了连续冷却过程中形成的Cu沉淀的特征和熟化规律.在Gleeble3800热模拟试验机上进行0.1℃·s-1至20℃·s-1的连续冷却实验,利用扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了显微组织和Cu沉淀.结果表明,随冷却速率提高,HSLA80的连续冷却转变组织由多边形铁素体向块状铁素体和贝氏体转变,在冷速0.1~1℃·s-1范围内Cu发生沉淀,两者综合作用造成随冷却速率提高钢的硬度分阶段变化,而韧性逐渐提高;HSLA100的连续冷却转变组织以贝氏体为主,且不发生Cu的沉淀,随冷却速率提高钢的硬度基本保持不变,但韧性发生剧烈变化.连续冷却过程中形成的Cu沉淀在等温过程中的熟化符合Ostwald熟化规律,半径随时效时间t1/3变化.     

CSP生产600 MPa级低碳贝氏体钢的相变

以低碳Nb、V、Ti、Mo和Cr合金化贝氏体钢为研究对象,在Formaster-Digital膨胀仪上测定了过冷奥氏体的静态CCT曲线;在Gleeble-1500热/力模拟机上,用膨胀法测定了奥氏体的动态CCT曲线;采用扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了贝氏体钢的室温组织演变规律.结果表明:合金元素抑制奥氏体向铁素体转变,在冷却速度大于10℃.s-1的范围内,静态CCT和动态CCT的室温组织均为贝氏体,具有较高的强度;奥氏体变形促进了贝氏体转变,贝氏体转变开始温度为610～668℃,终了温度为520～551℃.     

冷却速度对42CrMoA钢显微组织与硬度的影响

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟机上,测定了42CrMoA钢在不同冷却速度下连续冷却时的温度-膨胀量曲线,并用杠杆法计算了各相的相对含量;测定了不同冷速下相转变后的洛氏硬度值;对转变产物的组织形貌进行了简单分析。研究结果表明:当冷却速度为0.2～0.6℃/s(组织为F+P+B),贝氏体含量逐渐增多;当冷却速度为0.7～17.0℃/s(组织为B+M),马氏体的含量逐渐增多,随着过冷奥氏体冷却速度的增加,其转变后产物的硬度逐渐增大。     

两相区加热对30CrMnSi钢的过冷奥氏体转变的影响

本文研究了两相区加热对３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉ钢的过冷奥氏体转变的影响。得出结论：３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉ钢两相区加热后冷却，未溶铁素体起着晶核的作用，促进过冷奥氏体向铁素体－珠光体、贝氏体转变；而奥氏体中的碳及合金元素的高含量推迟了过冷奥氏体向马氏体的转变。     

含B钒微合金钢的连续冷却相变行为

为开发一种新的低成本高性能含B钒微合金钢和建立其TMCP生产工艺,用MMS-200热力模拟试验机研究了实验钢在连续冷却条件下的相变规律,绘制出实验钢的静态CCT曲线和动态CCT曲线.结果表明:微量的B提高了钒微合金钢过冷奥氏体稳定性,促进了针状铁素体形成,在比较宽的冷却速度范围内能得到贝氏体组织;未变形钢相比于变形钢,在更低的冷却速度甚至0.5℃/s的冷却速度下能得到大部分的贝氏体组织,但两者在5℃/s以上的冷却速度下都得到全部贝氏体组织;变形降低了奥氏体稳定性,促进铁素体转变,含硼钢铁素体转变存在的冷速升高到2℃/s,不含硼钢的其冷速升高到15℃/s;钒微合金钢中B有利于获得高强度的贝氏体组织,冷速5℃/s以上时相变后含硼钢的硬度都高于变形及未变形不含硼钢的硬度.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.